2 12 40 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/132dfe9ea2154505d4654aaf750ba160.pdf 6af5916b66ac1d6e8885eee4ce5b5366 PDF Text Text BOLIV IA The Indian March Continues More than 200 representatives and magistrates of the Islboro-Secure National Indian Park Territory l'IlPNIS) met In their Second Speclal Session In the town of San Bernardo. They resolved to march onTrinidad to demand compllance with Supreme Decree 22610 and to assert the rights ofthe Mojenos. Chlmanes and Yuracares who Uve In that regton. The Bollvlan government ISSued Supreme Decree 22610 folloWing the hlstorlc march "For Territory and DJgnlty" In 1990. but Its provisions have not been Implemented or enforced. In a communique, the Indians of the TIPNIS asserted that thls time. "despite the good Intentions of some members of the government, we have encountered many problemslncludlngopposltionfromseveralgroups and lndlvlduals who do not wiSh to grant us the same rights enjoyed by every other BolivIan citizen. Thts behavior Indicates that there are people who continue to think Uke the Spaniards of 500 years ago.· The representatives assert that Article 2 of Supreme Decree 22610 expands the area of TIPNIS to the lslboro and Secu.r e rivers. InCorporating the communities situated on the banks of the rivers and forming a buffer zone. On October 19. 1992.TIPNIS brought a case before the prefect of the Ben! regarding a wealthy land owner. Sergto Zelada. who was attempting to deny the rights of the community of Lorna Alta. located on the right bank of the Islboro River within TIPNIS. On October 27 the legal counselor of the prefecture of the Ben! viSited Lorna Alta and decided that there was no Infraction. The Prefect then denied the TIPNIS claim. The Indian representatives who attended the second special session In San Bernardo resolved to reject the opinion of the public attorney and the prefectural resolution. because the title that Mr. Zelada has In hiS possession belongs to another person and was obtained after Supreme Decree 22610. The delegates denounced these antiIndian acts and bureaucratic deciSions. They stated that In thiS democratic day and age. there are bad Bollv!ans In government who neither execute nor respect the laws which the government Itself has made. For these reasons. the authorities of TIPNIS marched to Trlnldad to demand a public hearing to force the execution of the decree. If thiS IS not done, the delegates will be obllged to Oght until their territorial rights are respected. Source: AquL Bolwfa Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title Approximately stx years ago. the Moseten Indians of Santa Ana de Huachl. Ben! Provence. began proceedIngs to obtain the deeds to the lands that they have Uved on for generations. With the support of the Lay Movement for Latin America (MlAL). they succeeded 1n attaining 8,000 hectares of land. But the land that was granted turned out to be 111-sulted for hunting. Oshlng. and agriculture, the mainStays of the Mosetenes. In addition, the lands have already been exploited by coloniZers. who have cut down the most Important and valuable trees. In November 1992. the community decided to ask the Minister of Campeslnos. Agnculture, and Fishing. the Indigenous Institute ofBoUvta (liB). and the government for land In the Muchane plains as compensation. An 1880 document gtves the Mosetenes sole ownership of the territory. which IS four hours away from Santa Ana. The Vol7 Hum 1 & 2 director of the DB assures the community that their demand will be considered, but there are other people Interested In the land. Juan Torres, National Deputy and former member of the Consctence of the Country (CONDEPA. a ncopopulist organization) claimS to have deeds to the territory. According to the Mosetenes he has been extracting resources from the land. A company named San Loretl7.o also Intends to take advantage of the lumber resources. TlmberexploltaUon ts Intense 1n that region of La Paz. According to a report by the Coordinator of Solidarity with the Indigenous Peoples. approximately 60 trucks. each with Ove logs. leaves the forest along one road each day. ThiS meansthatatleast 108.000treesarecutannually. Much of the wood goes to waste because It IS cut poorly. 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 17 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Moseten Indians in Bolivia contend with logging companies for land previously deeded to them in 1880. Attachment Title Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia Moseten http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/8c7a880270e75f6333b3c37cfcbe33d9.pdf be7c7ba1814f54ca64fc46bf5ea6e7f2 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Stopping The Clearing Of nmberFrom Indigenous Lands For more i nformo· tion contact: Rainforest Action Network 450 Sonsome St. Suite 700 Son Francisco, CA 94111 , USA Rainforest Foundation 270 Lafayette St. Suite 1205 New York NY 10012, USA. For decades. Joggers have invaded Indigenous lands in Bra?.U with Impunity, creating violent confrontations with lndtan people. and devastating the environment. Now. a BrazOJanjudge has ordered a halt to timber extraction from Jndtan lands in the eastern Amazon state of Pan1. According to estimates. between 1985 and 1990. over 640.000 cubic meters ofvalu· able mahogany were extracted from Indian lands in Pan1, which required the construe· tlon of over 3000 km of lllegal logging roads. To halt the logging. a suit was illed by the Nucleus for Indigenou s Rlghts. based in Brasilia. The deciSion, on January 15, 1993 by Federal Judge Selene Marta de Almeida. calls for an tmmedlate closing of the logging roads and removal ofaU equipment and work· ers from the Indigenous reserves of Arawete. Apyterewa, and Tl'lnchetra Bacajll. n also · requireS the Bra?.illan government to set up permanent checkpoints to ensure that the loggers do not reenter the 7..0ne. One recent conflJct b etween Joggers and an Indian community resulted in the shooting deathofDomtngos Paullno. a GaVI<'io Pukobye who had tried to stop a truckcany· ing an lllega1 shipment of wood from passing through hts people's land in Maranho. The woodhadbeencutfrom thenearbyGuajajara reserve. where Indians had agreed to sell timber for very low prices. Most of thiS wood IS u sed to produce ch arcoal. which fuels the pig Iron processing plants which are Part of the Greater Carajl\s mtneral zone. Sources: Rainforest Acticn NeiWQrk and Rainforest Fowulation Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 These are the 1992 results of an annual survey carried out by the lndlan!st MIS· slonary Council (CIMO of violence agatnst Indian peoples in BrazU. lnmostcategorteslndlanssufferedas much or more aggression as in previous years. In the case of the murders none of the aggressors was puniShed. CIMI notes: "DISeases have been klll· ingmorelndlansinBrazUthananyothertype of aggression. It seems that they are the subtlest and most disguised way to extennl· nate Indians.· 18 Murders 24 Victims of attempts on the lives 20 Death threats 21 Illegal detentions 5 Victims of physical aggression 10 Rapes 7 Suicides 24 Deaths due to malaria 87 Deaths due to measles 64 Deaths due to Cholera 14 Deaths in car accidents 6 Areas invaded by woodcutters 37 Invasions by miners 16 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 18 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Nucleus for Indigenous Rights in Brazil filed a suit to halt logging activities on Indigenous reserves. Attachment Title Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Arawete Brazil Lumber industry Nucleus of Indigenous Rights Para http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/5e41348482a003f8e2ee46b5fa239e52.pdf 347286d9b1c4b46b1ed75769dda5fab3 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Stopping The Clearing Of nmberFrom Indigenous Lands For more i nformo· tion contact: Rainforest Action Network 450 Sonsome St. Suite 700 Son Francisco, CA 94111 , USA Rainforest Foundation 270 Lafayette St. Suite 1205 New York NY 10012, USA. For decades. Joggers have invaded Indigenous lands in Bra?.U with Impunity, creating violent confrontations with lndtan people. and devastating the environment. Now. a BrazOJanjudge has ordered a halt to timber extraction from Jndtan lands in the eastern Amazon state of Pan1. According to estimates. between 1985 and 1990. over 640.000 cubic meters ofvalu· able mahogany were extracted from Indian lands in Pan1, which required the construe· tlon of over 3000 km of lllegal logging roads. To halt the logging. a suit was illed by the Nucleus for Indigenou s Rlghts. based in Brasilia. The deciSion, on January 15, 1993 by Federal Judge Selene Marta de Almeida. calls for an tmmedlate closing of the logging roads and removal ofaU equipment and work· ers from the Indigenous reserves of Arawete. Apyterewa, and Tl'lnchetra Bacajll. n also · requireS the Bra?.illan government to set up permanent checkpoints to ensure that the loggers do not reenter the 7..0ne. One recent conflJct b etween Joggers and an Indian community resulted in the shooting deathofDomtngos Paullno. a GaVI<'io Pukobye who had tried to stop a truckcany· ing an lllega1 shipment of wood from passing through hts people's land in Maranho. The woodhadbeencutfrom thenearbyGuajajara reserve. where Indians had agreed to sell timber for very low prices. Most of thiS wood IS u sed to produce ch arcoal. which fuels the pig Iron processing plants which are Part of the Greater Carajl\s mtneral zone. Sources: Rainforest Acticn NeiWQrk and Rainforest Fowulation Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 These are the 1992 results of an annual survey carried out by the lndlan!st MIS· slonary Council (CIMO of violence agatnst Indian peoples in BrazU. lnmostcategorteslndlanssufferedas much or more aggression as in previous years. In the case of the murders none of the aggressors was puniShed. CIMI notes: "DISeases have been klll· ingmorelndlansinBrazUthananyothertype of aggression. It seems that they are the subtlest and most disguised way to extennl· nate Indians.· 18 Murders 24 Victims of attempts on the lives 20 Death threats 21 Illegal detentions 5 Victims of physical aggression 10 Rapes 7 Suicides 24 Deaths due to malaria 87 Deaths due to measles 64 Deaths due to Cholera 14 Deaths in car accidents 6 Areas invaded by woodcutters 37 Invasions by miners 16 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 18 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note An annual 1992 report in Brazil shows that violence and disease are the cause of many indigneous deaths. Attachment Title Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil CIMI Crime Violence http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/f837b9b9116cab8898281c86198fdb39.pdf 1815245e747e71fc2d5d1c67da8ca250 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Orlando Melguelro da SUva Bare. General Coordinator of the Council ofArticulation of Indlgenous Peoples and OrganiZations of Brazil. offers these obseJVations on how Indlgenou s rlgllts may be challenged under the 1993 Constitutional revision 1n Brazil: "Brazil 1s prepal1ng to revise Its constitution. Within this, questions affecting Indian people are Involved. prtnclpally when one speaks of mtneral wealth and natural resources found 1n Indian areas. All this 1s betng looked at with big eyes by large economic groups, which worries us. 'The new Indian statute will consider the proposals presented by IndJgenous people 1n Braslla at the end of Aprll of this year. Among the questions we are constdertng are the demarcation and self- demarcation ofour land, and the exploitation of mtnerai and hydroelectric resources. "''be military1s pressing conseJVatlve leglslators. and even some on the left. so that they favor the revision of already demarcated Indian lands. ThiS despite the fact that demarcating lands 1n the border regions 1s no risk to national security. and not even the Indianswant to construct Independent states. On the contraxy. Indigenous peoples also obey the constitution, and above all we want the Brazilian government to obey the constitution. -we are looking for alternatives among them. to form a stronger alllance belweenlnc1Jgenousorganl7-ationsthemselves, with popular movements. and with the legislators who are for the Indigenous cau se. We look to merge our forces so that IndJgenous proposals be considered. and so that the rlgllts which were guaranteed tn the 1988 constitution not be overturned." Source: Iriforme Jurdtoo - Address: ComlSsaoPr6Indlo de SCWPaulo. RuaM!nlStro Godoy 1484, Salas 56 e 57, CEP 05015 Perdlzes, Sdo Paulo SP, BrazU. Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova An alarmtngrate ofsuicides has been registered among the Guarant-KaJova of Brazil's Mato Grosso do Sui, caused by deSpalr at their estrangement from traditional lands and way of IJfe. According to the Indigents! MISsionary Council (CIMI) and the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). 20 Guarant-Katova hanged themselves 1n 1992. br!nglng the suicldestoaseven-yeartotaloflOO. Ofthe20 Vol7 Num 1 & 2 who died last year. 12 were under 20 years of age (See CIMI stausucs page 18). With most of their traditional territories still not demarcated, and their lands Invaded by ranchers. the Guarani are forced to seek work on sugarcane plantations and at alcohol plants. There. they are pald very little. and are not accorded benefits proscribed for workers under law. Source: lndigenist MissiorwyCouncil (CIMI) Contact CIMl for more info rmation: 505 - Edificio Venancio Ill, Sola 3 09/1 4, C.P~ 0 367 9 CEP 7 0.084-9 70 Brasilia, O.F. Br a z il 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 19 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The 1993 Constitutional revision worries Indigenous groups in Brazil, in regards to demarcation of indigenous reserves and exploitation of natural resources on Indigenous lands. Attachment Title Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil Constitutional Revision Indigenous reserves http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/015d31066d3af5c035d674f8d0d84737.pdf 0c699642a854e7714b5a5e7321e21405 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Orlando Melguelro da SUva Bare. General Coordinator of the Council ofArticulation of Indlgenous Peoples and OrganiZations of Brazil. offers these obseJVations on how Indlgenou s rlgllts may be challenged under the 1993 Constitutional revision 1n Brazil: "Brazil 1s prepal1ng to revise Its constitution. Within this, questions affecting Indian people are Involved. prtnclpally when one speaks of mtneral wealth and natural resources found 1n Indian areas. All this 1s betng looked at with big eyes by large economic groups, which worries us. 'The new Indian statute will consider the proposals presented by IndJgenous people 1n Braslla at the end of Aprll of this year. Among the questions we are constdertng are the demarcation and self- demarcation ofour land, and the exploitation of mtnerai and hydroelectric resources. "''be military1s pressing conseJVatlve leglslators. and even some on the left. so that they favor the revision of already demarcated Indian lands. ThiS despite the fact that demarcating lands 1n the border regions 1s no risk to national security. and not even the Indianswant to construct Independent states. On the contraxy. Indigenous peoples also obey the constitution, and above all we want the Brazilian government to obey the constitution. -we are looking for alternatives among them. to form a stronger alllance belweenlnc1Jgenousorganl7-ationsthemselves, with popular movements. and with the legislators who are for the Indigenous cau se. We look to merge our forces so that IndJgenous proposals be considered. and so that the rlgllts which were guaranteed tn the 1988 constitution not be overturned." Source: Iriforme Jurdtoo - Address: ComlSsaoPr6Indlo de SCWPaulo. RuaM!nlStro Godoy 1484, Salas 56 e 57, CEP 05015 Perdlzes, Sdo Paulo SP, BrazU. Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova An alarmtngrate ofsuicides has been registered among the Guarant-KaJova of Brazil's Mato Grosso do Sui, caused by deSpalr at their estrangement from traditional lands and way of IJfe. According to the Indigents! MISsionary Council (CIMI) and the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). 20 Guarant-Katova hanged themselves 1n 1992. br!nglng the suicldestoaseven-yeartotaloflOO. Ofthe20 Vol7 Num 1 & 2 who died last year. 12 were under 20 years of age (See CIMI stausucs page 18). With most of their traditional territories still not demarcated, and their lands Invaded by ranchers. the Guarani are forced to seek work on sugarcane plantations and at alcohol plants. There. they are pald very little. and are not accorded benefits proscribed for workers under law. Source: lndigenist MissiorwyCouncil (CIMI) Contact CIMl for more info rmation: 505 - Edificio Venancio Ill, Sola 3 09/1 4, C.P~ 0 367 9 CEP 7 0.084-9 70 Brasilia, O.F. Br a z il 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Suicides Among the Guarani Kaiova Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Suicides Among the Guarani Kaiova Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 19 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note Trauma associated with the Guarani having been forced to leave their ancestral lands and lifestyle is thought to be the reason behind the recent trend in suicides in the community. Attachment Title Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] CIMI FUNAI Guarani suicide http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/ec50e7491f98a0a49ab1eedb0a4aef64.pdf e0a87c567bb970c480e8b6797eb24593 PDF Text Text ARGENTINA Pachamama Day and the Kolla People of Argentina Cultural Center •1st of August'' In 1991 the Catholic Church Invaded this cosmic spiritual center by pladng a Christian cross next to the apacheta 20 The Cultural Center"1stofAugust"wasbom on August 1. 1988 tn the city ofLa Qutaca. provtnceofJujuy. Argentina to honor the Pachamama (Mother Earth), who IS celebrated every year tn August. The Pachamama constitutes the back bone of the spiritual and material life of the KoDa people of AigentJna. The group IS made up of people from different branches of life: teachers. housekeepers. students. prtests. athletes and housewives. Most of the members are from rural areas. They share a common and global destiny and VISion: to contribute to the vllallzatlon and fuliUiment of the Kolla people and of Indian people tngeneral and to the humaniZe the hostile and mechaniZing system of life which surrounds us. The germtnatJng and multlply!ng Impulse of the Center IS represented tn one central objective: "Attatn the htstortcal restoration of the Andean people. restructure. revalue. vtta!Jze and project our way of life. which contatns essentlal and sufficlentlyvalld guide-lines to provtde new alternatives for thiS permanently decadent society.· The friends of the Center have commonfearsandconcemsabout problems whiCh not only threaten the Kolla people b ut all the tnhabltants of the earth: pollution. hunger, dtscrtmtnatlon, extinction of Nations. alienation. arms buUd-ups. etc. TheCenter actsasarecuperatlonand transformation agent. It works to permanently rediScover and share essentlal aspects of Identity tn terms of rellglon, social organization. literature. agrtcultural practices, food production and preservation methods, etc. The Center also works to promote enVIronmental attitudes and to offer alternative ways for soclety to solve multiple problems. ThiS commitment ts dlrected toward educating and raiSing consciences about our rlght to Improve our quality of life. To these ends the Cultural Center "1st of August• organizes camping trtps. bicycle races and foot races with the motto "Youth. Let's Know our Land". Young people from both rural and urban areas participate. Theycover200mUesat altitudes of 10,000 to 13,000 feet tn order to get to know the country-side and to give the credit due to the human. cultural and natural landscape. The participants and the communities they VISit learn from each other with the purpose of renewing thetr faJth and hope of revttallztng the KoDa culture. To these same ends. every year tn the month of August the Cultural Center, together with neighbors and friends. celebrate the rellglous homage to the Pachamama at the apacheta (alter to the Pachamama) of the community. The Center supports and promotes cultural actMtles such as music. theater and poetry. g1vtng prtortty to those which repreAbya Yala News �ARGENTINA International Congress on Indigenous Languages The Instituto Qheshwa •Jujuymanta• !AigenUna) IS organiZing the V International AcademlcCongressonlndlgenousLanguages to take place tnJujuy·Argent!na tn Septemberofl993. The Institute works to make lndlg· enous people aware of the value of their languages. During the last years the Insti· tute has devoted Itself to promoting Indigenous languages such as Qhtshwa (or Quechua) and Aymara, which are widely used tn the Andean region ofSouth America, and Guarani of the Gran Chaco of South America. The puiJ)ose of thiS effort IS to organiZe native peoples and make them aware of their cultural roots and of how Important It ts that their languages survtve. So far there have been four congresses organiZed by In· dlgenous groups which have documented the wide use of Indigenous languages. Pachamama Day conlinued sent recovery or creations within the framework of Indian American Identity. The Center gtves presentations to schools at dl.fferent levels tn order to provide traditional role-models, and expose the students to diverse experiences. They produce educatiOnal radio programs and also participate tnprograms to Improve methods ofsheep farming tn order to Improve the economic situation for Puna famtlles. Vol 7 Num 1 & 2 The last congress took place In Cochabamba (BoIMa). with the assistance of the Un!versldad Mayor de San Slm6n. and locallndlg· enous organiZations. Rene Satnz vega, the President of the N Congress (October 1992), reportedthefo1lowtng concluSions. The congress requested: 1. That the governments of Colombia. Ecuador. Peru. BoiMa. Argentina and Chile work on In· forming about and teaching Indigenous languages In their countries: 2. That educational agencies and mtn· lstrlessupportlndlgenousorganJzationsworklng on revaloriZation of their own Indigenous languages: 3. That Latin American governments formally teach Indigenous languages at schools and universities. 4. That Latin American governments recogniZe demands and territorial rights of Indigenous peoples. The N Congress worked under SIX commiSSions: Writing. Grammar and Struc· ture, Culture, HIStory. Education and Law. Instltuo Qheshwa ·Jujuymanta• IS open to your Input. contributions, and assiStance. If you ore inter· ested in attending the V Congress in O<tober please contact: lnstituto Qheshwo • Jujuymonto• Alvear 966, Local 6 C6digo Postal 4600 Son Salvador de J~tjuy, Argentino 21 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pachamama Day and the Kolla People of Argentina: Cultural Center "1st of August" Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Pachamama Day and the Kolla People of Argentina: Cultural Center "1st of August" Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 20-21 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Cultural Center "1st of August" serves as the spiritual and social backbone of the Kolla people of Argentina. The Center was born to honor the Pachamama (Mother Earth). Attachment Title Pachamama Day and the Kolla People of Argentina.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Argentina Kolla Pachamama http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/c1f4c5f3eb96101f24c4589b0af4b4a9.pdf 81b390f867284e7e44a3e4e903f00747 PDF Text Text ARGENTINA International Congress on Indigenous Languages The Instituto Qheshwa •Jujuymanta• !AigenUna) IS organiZing the V International AcademlcCongressonlndlgenousLanguages to take place tnJujuy·Argent!na tn Septemberofl993. The Institute works to make lndlg· enous people aware of the value of their languages. During the last years the Insti· tute has devoted Itself to promoting Indigenous languages such as Qhtshwa (or Quechua) and Aymara, which are widely used tn the Andean region ofSouth America, and Guarani of the Gran Chaco of South America. The puiJ)ose of thiS effort IS to organiZe native peoples and make them aware of their cultural roots and of how Important It ts that their languages survtve. So far there have been four congresses organiZed by In· dlgenous groups which have documented the wide use of Indigenous languages. Pachamama Day conlinued sent recovery or creations within the framework of Indian American Identity. The Center gtves presentations to schools at dl.fferent levels tn order to provide traditional role-models, and expose the students to diverse experiences. They produce educatiOnal radio programs and also participate tnprograms to Improve methods ofsheep farming tn order to Improve the economic situation for Puna famtlles. Vol 7 Num 1 & 2 The last congress took place In Cochabamba (BoIMa). with the assistance of the Un!versldad Mayor de San Slm6n. and locallndlg· enous organiZations. Rene Satnz vega, the President of the N Congress (October 1992), reportedthefo1lowtng concluSions. The congress requested: 1. That the governments of Colombia. Ecuador. Peru. BoiMa. Argentina and Chile work on In· forming about and teaching Indigenous languages In their countries: 2. That educational agencies and mtn· lstrlessupportlndlgenousorganJzationsworklng on revaloriZation of their own Indigenous languages: 3. That Latin American governments formally teach Indigenous languages at schools and universities. 4. That Latin American governments recogniZe demands and territorial rights of Indigenous peoples. The N Congress worked under SIX commiSSions: Writing. Grammar and Struc· ture, Culture, HIStory. Education and Law. Instltuo Qheshwa ·Jujuymanta• IS open to your Input. contributions, and assiStance. If you ore inter· ested in attending the V Congress in O<tober please contact: lnstituto Qheshwo • Jujuymonto• Alvear 966, Local 6 C6digo Postal 4600 Son Salvador de J~tjuy, Argentino 21 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Argentina: International Congress on Indigenous Languages Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Argentina: International Congress on Indigenous Languages Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 21 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note This article announces the V International Academic Congress on Indigenous Languages to take place September 1993 in Jujuy-Argentina. The Institute's purpose is to make indigenous peoples aware of their cultural roots and take pride in their languages. Attachment Title International Congress on Indigenous Languages.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Argentina Aymara Indigenous languages Quechua http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/a07b29d857f2b67803c32cdeccc7e8e7.pdf 46636b8b2193ebe4d4d5db3f1918b94a PDF Text Text CHILE Hoisting the Mapuche Flag TheMapuche Coordinating Body of Argentina Tom Kine Nguetuam (£o Be One Again) rasing the Mapuche National Flag in the cityofNuequin. 1'/oeflag was created last year during the historical reunion of the Mapuche Nation from the Argentine and Chilean sides ofthe lxmkr. Mapuches Convicted for Occupying Land "Their efforts to establish a separate Mapuche nation, including their own flag, is an act that is in direct contradiction to Chilean national unity." -Enrique Krauss, Chilean Minister of the Interior 22 TheChlleangovemment has convicted one hundred and forty-four Mapuche people for the "illegal usurpation of land" and sentenced them to pay a fine equal to about one year's wages. The alleged ursurpation ofland took place In June 1991 when the Mapuche organiZation Aukln Wallmapu Ngullam (Councll of All Land) began to occupy landS In an attempt to "exerciSe our nghts as Mapuches to thJs land which ts In the hands of private companies and the State of Chlle." As a result of these actions the Intertor MinlsterEnrtqueKraussandthereglonal Governor Fernando Chuecas detained hundreds of Mapuche people and filed charges against them. ThegovemmentofficlalsclaJmed that the "Association was Involved tn the illegal take-over of the land." Krauss InSisted that "the Counsel of All Land's actions do not Ot tnto the legal framework ofChllean society. Moreover. their efforts to establish a separate Mapuche nation. Including their own Oag.ts an act that Is In direct contradiction to Chllean national unl(y." The Counsel of All Land responded to the accusations on January 25, 1993 and made the following statement through their lawyer: 'The Mapuche people have a distinCt hJstortcal background tn terms of social, political, and religious structure that dJII'ers from the rest of Chllean soc.le(y. Not only has Chlle refused to recogn17,.e these unique attributes of our culture but has systematically tried to destroy us." On March 10. 1993. the Attorney General Informed the one hundred and forty four accused Mapuches that they are each required to pay 11 months ofthetrwages. the equivalent of $60 a month , for their illegal occupation of the land. The other detainees were convicted of "illegal activities and alllances" and condemned to eighteen months of pollee surveillance and are not allowed to organJ7,.e politically. Those accused of illegal land acquisition are appealing their sentences clatmlng that they have not committed any crtme. They are currently trytng to educate the publtc about the Injustices Imposed upon them by thegovemment.lnMaytheAppellate Court of Temuco will decide whether uphold or overtum the convictions. Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chile: Mapuches Convicted for Occupying Land Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Chile: Mapuches Convicted for Occupying Land Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 22 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Chilean government has convicted Mapuche people for the "illegal usurpation of land." The Chilean government have imposed harsh fines, which the Mapuche are attempting to appeal. Attachment Title Mapuches Convicted for Occupying Land.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Autonomy Chile Mapuche http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/6ec7078f0a7f6042560a3b1a0cf70766.pdf 028dfe910086cc75cf4041fb4490c6eb PDF Text Text CHILE URGENT ACTION: CHILEAN GOVERNMENT MUST OVERTURN THE CONVICTIONS We at SAIIC are organizing a campaign to put pressure on the Chilean government. Please write letters to the offldals listed below demanding and end to the persecution of the Mapuche people. Patricio Aylwin Axocar Presidente de Ia Republica de Chile Palacio de La Moneda Santiago, Chile Fax: (56) (2} 697 3262 Fernando Chuecas lntendente de Temuco Manuel Bulnes 590 p. 2 Temuco, Chile Fax: (56} (45} 21 30 64 Please oend copies of your letter• to SAIIC and: Aukin Wallmopu Ngulom Caoilla 448 Temuco, Chile Fax : (56) (45} 21 30 64 Enrique Krauss Miniotra de Interior Caoo de Ia Moneclo Santiago, Chile Fax: (56) (2} 696 87 40 Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation Aukln Wallmapu Ngulam CThe Council of All Land) has announced that the Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation will b e held from March 29 to APrtl 1. 1993 In Temuco. Mapuch eTerrltory. "In the context of Ideological decolonJzation, we call for th.IS Second Tribunal In order to ldenUfyv!olations againSt our hiStorical rights to land and human dignity." The tribunal will analy'.te dlfl'erent cases of violations committed agatnst the Mapuche nation such as the Invasion of territories, ecological destruction and denial of Mapuche religion, and will end wtth a traditional NguUlatum ceremony. Vol 7 Num 1 & 2 The Mapuches are demall(}jng tluu their culture be recognized and respected. . 'We lnvltetradlttonallcadersandcommunJtles of the Mapuch e Nation. Indigenous peoples of the Americas and those Involved In national and International political m ovements to join us." For m ore Information contact Au kin Wallmapu Ngulam. ' 23 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Urgent Action: Chilean Government Must Overturn The Conviction Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Urgent Action: Chilean Government Must Overturn The Conviction Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 23 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note SAIIC organizes a campiagn to demand the Chilean government to end its persecution of the Mapuche people. Attachment Title Urgent Action-Chilean Government Must Overturn The Convictions.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chile Mapuche saiic http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/3683cfdebf4e7d4416c35e92124c6430.pdf 550dd152575a0b951400368e3568240e PDF Text Text CHILE URGENT ACTION: CHILEAN GOVERNMENT MUST OVERTURN THE CONVICTIONS We at SAIIC are organizing a campaign to put pressure on the Chilean government. Please write letters to the offldals listed below demanding and end to the persecution of the Mapuche people. Patricio Aylwin Axocar Presidente de Ia Republica de Chile Palacio de La Moneda Santiago, Chile Fax: (56) (2} 697 3262 Fernando Chuecas lntendente de Temuco Manuel Bulnes 590 p. 2 Temuco, Chile Fax: (56} (45} 21 30 64 Please oend copies of your letter• to SAIIC and: Aukin Wallmopu Ngulom Caoilla 448 Temuco, Chile Fax : (56) (45} 21 30 64 Enrique Krauss Miniotra de Interior Caoo de Ia Moneclo Santiago, Chile Fax: (56) (2} 696 87 40 Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation Aukln Wallmapu Ngulam CThe Council of All Land) has announced that the Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation will b e held from March 29 to APrtl 1. 1993 In Temuco. Mapuch eTerrltory. "In the context of Ideological decolonJzation, we call for th.IS Second Tribunal In order to ldenUfyv!olations againSt our hiStorical rights to land and human dignity." The tribunal will analy'.te dlfl'erent cases of violations committed agatnst the Mapuche nation such as the Invasion of territories, ecological destruction and denial of Mapuche religion, and will end wtth a traditional NguUlatum ceremony. Vol 7 Num 1 & 2 The Mapuches are demall(}jng tluu their culture be recognized and respected. . 'We lnvltetradlttonallcadersandcommunJtles of the Mapuch e Nation. Indigenous peoples of the Americas and those Involved In national and International political m ovements to join us." For m ore Information contact Au kin Wallmapu Ngulam. ' 23 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chile: Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Chile: Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 23 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Council of All Land announces the Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation to analyze the violations committed against the Mapuche nation. Attachment Title Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chile Mapuche Second Tribunal of the Mapuche Nation http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/9c8416177c42ecf3b6a580dc4df4ef6b.pdf 50e6c6b19268e3440a7687c260163b0a PDF Text Text BOLIVIA Indians Seek representation • Peasant 1n Confederation Interview with Genaro Oliver, CSUTCB The follow ing is an tlltervtew with Cena:ro Oliver. an active member qf the Con· federaJ:(l)n of CompesiJlo UniOns of Bolivia (CSUTCB). We spok e w ith him t1l Genoa. Italy tJt August 1992. at the Soconas/lnoomlndlos meeting ofEuropean organiZaltons tJt solldar· ily wllh the Indian NatiOns of the Amerk:an ConttJtenL We offer Mr. Oliver's perspective as a new current wlthtll the CSUTCB. His matll tenant Is that the Campestllo Con federatiOn must consider the reality qfe thniC identity. SAIIC: Who do you represent Genaro Ollver? "The name 'Confederation of·Campesino Unions' shows the lack of genuine representation of the Indigenous peo ple of Bolivia" 24 Genaro Ollver: I am a member of the Confederation of Campes!no UnJons of Bo· Uvta (CSlJI'CB). The CSlJI'CB IS organ.lzlng the First Meeting of Natlonalltles In October 1992. This First Meeting seeks to bring together aU I.n dlgenous Peoples of Bo!Ma. and Us main objectiveIs to regain the participation of the lndJgenous Peoples that have not been taken Into account by the Campeslno Confed· eratlon. Thename"ConfederatlonofCampeslno Untons · s hows the lack of genuine representation ofthe lndJgenous people of Bo!Ma. The name Indicates that the organ.tzatlon represents "untons·. and unions were tmported from Europe. The term "campeslno" (peas· ant) Is antmposed nameasweU.In the "lndJgenous Peoples Meeting" we would Uke to reestabUsh our ancient ways of organiZing ourselves. SAIIC: What Is the Labor Confederation of Bollv!a's (COB) position? GO: The COB Is rethlnk!ng some Is· sues. IftheCampeslno Confederation tries to reestabUsh contactwtth Its lndJgenousbase. theCOBwlllalsohavetoaddressthetssueof representation. At the moment It only represents waged workers but not lndJgenous Peoples. SAIIC: Do you belleve that out of the meeting a larger entity wlll artse. maybe an entity that wlll be larger than the cu rrent COB or even the CSlJI'CB? GO: This Is what we are thinking. The lndJgenous people are a majortty. There aremoreofusthantherearewagedworkers. and waged workers are not the only people to be represented. We think there wlll be Interesting discussions wtth other workers' organ.tzatlons. SAIIC: What Is your oplnton about women's participation In the lndJgenous Peoples' Meeting? GO: This Is a topic that wlll have to be discussed by women. There Is a large women 's organJ? .atlon which Is a part of the Campeslno Confederation. But as Is the casewtth Indigenous people. the Campes!no Confederatlondoesnot adequatelydealwtth the problems ofwomen . Their partiCipation as women and as Indian women In thelndJgenous Peoples' Meeting wlll be extremely tmportant. Abya Yala News �BOLIVIA Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation IntheruralconununltyofSanAndres de Machaca, ln the Ingavt Province of the Department of La Paz. traditional forms of SOCial and politiCal organiZation have prevalled over the nation-state proposals to assimilate Indigenous cultures. FollOWing the reconunendatlonsofthe October 1992 National Congress of the Confederation of Campeslno Unions of Bollvta, csurcs. areglonalcongressgatheredonAprU 10-11. 1993,ln the proVince ofingavt. Four hundred and fifty Indigenous campes!no delegates, angry at established political parties of the left and the rlght who had manipulated their leaders In the past centwy. unanlmouslyvoted to dissolve theformercampes!no union and replace It with a Federation of Ayllus and Indigenous Nations. GtMro Oliver continued SAIJC: Would you like to add anything to thls InterView? GO: lwouldllketolet people know that thls kind of direct lntervtew with a true representative of an Indigenous community allows others to learn about what 1s really happening In thoseconununltles. 'n"avellngln Europe. we have found that Invited political representatives are often people diSengaged from the Indigenous Peoples. Many no longer live nor know what 1s happening In the communities themselves. Vol 7 Hum 1 & 2 Paulino Guarachi. executive secretary of the CSUTCB. and Florenclo Mendoza of theTupaqKatariFederatlon attended the congress but only as guests.Thelndfgenous The province oflngavi is rei!ISfoting its 1ndigenous campes!nos of San autlwritit s Andres de Machaca discussed how traditional Aransaya and Ur!nsaya sections of the conununlty have relnStltutedaconununalreglmewheremallku and momata'qua. the Indigenous authorities. follow the ancient dictates of thelr ancestors. Political power has also been restored to the elders of the conununlty. The native authorities believe that the Anuqara. UWlk'u. and sallka, corrupt local politicians of the past. had betrayed the community by selllng the political positions of the traditional authorities to national political parties. 'The result was the transformation of thelndlgenousconununlty!ntoanurbandomlnatedappendlxofthe nation-state. which has only sporadiCally answered the needs of the community Itself." Conununity representatives at the congress agreed to end all alllll.ation with political parties, speak and Write AymaraSpanlsh and respect cultural traditions. Source: Aqul La Paz, Bo!Cvta 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Indians Seek representation in Peasant Confederation: Interview with Genaro Oliver, CSUTCB Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Indians Seek representation in Peasant Confederation: Interview with Genaro Oliver, CSUTCB Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 24-25 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note SAIIC interviews Genaro Oliver, member of the Confederation of Campesino Unions of Bolivia (CSUTCB). Genaro Oliver believes the organization must consider the reality of ethnic identity. Attachment Title Indians Seek Representation in Peasant Confederation.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia CSUTCB Oliver Genaro saiic http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/7e1d94263a0b0baea10da54e02c40209.pdf 6f9c3f68a48be084568445cd81f447e3 PDF Text Text BOLIVIA Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation IntheruralconununltyofSanAndres de Machaca, ln the Ingavt Province of the Department of La Paz. traditional forms of SOCial and politiCal organiZation have prevalled over the nation-state proposals to assimilate Indigenous cultures. FollOWing the reconunendatlonsofthe October 1992 National Congress of the Confederation of Campeslno Unions of Bollvta, csurcs. areglonalcongressgatheredonAprU 10-11. 1993,ln the proVince ofingavt. Four hundred and fifty Indigenous campes!no delegates, angry at established political parties of the left and the rlght who had manipulated their leaders In the past centwy. unanlmouslyvoted to dissolve theformercampes!no union and replace It with a Federation of Ayllus and Indigenous Nations. GtMro Oliver continued SAIJC: Would you like to add anything to thls InterView? GO: lwouldllketolet people know that thls kind of direct lntervtew with a true representative of an Indigenous community allows others to learn about what 1s really happening In thoseconununltles. 'n"avellngln Europe. we have found that Invited political representatives are often people diSengaged from the Indigenous Peoples. Many no longer live nor know what 1s happening In the communities themselves. Vol 7 Hum 1 & 2 Paulino Guarachi. executive secretary of the CSUTCB. and Florenclo Mendoza of theTupaqKatariFederatlon attended the congress but only as guests.Thelndfgenous The province oflngavi is rei!ISfoting its 1ndigenous campes!nos of San autlwritit s Andres de Machaca discussed how traditional Aransaya and Ur!nsaya sections of the conununlty have relnStltutedaconununalreglmewheremallku and momata'qua. the Indigenous authorities. follow the ancient dictates of thelr ancestors. Political power has also been restored to the elders of the conununlty. The native authorities believe that the Anuqara. UWlk'u. and sallka, corrupt local politicians of the past. had betrayed the community by selllng the political positions of the traditional authorities to national political parties. 'The result was the transformation of thelndlgenousconununlty!ntoanurbandomlnatedappendlxofthe nation-state. which has only sporadiCally answered the needs of the community Itself." Conununity representatives at the congress agreed to end all alllll.ation with political parties, speak and Write AymaraSpanlsh and respect cultural traditions. Source: Aqul La Paz, Bo!Cvta 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 25 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Aymaras of San Andrés de Machaca in Bolivia, frustrated with politcal parties' manipulation of their leaders, dissolved the campesino union and replaced it with a traditonal Ayllu Federation. Attachment Title Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Ayllu Federation Bolivia