1 12 34 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/da151cfe8a29ff844619be1d34b810a6.pdf 6f891760a8710e8f4ec06d943c5cafbd PDF Text Text ORGANIZATION AND Expanding Indigenous Journalism in· Central America ndigenous leaders met in E1 S.1h'11dor from NO\'. 11 -13 for the second Centro! Amencan plnnnmg meeting for the lntcrn:lllon:ll Indigenous Decade. According 10 the I PS news service, represcntnuves focused on plans to boost lnd1an news mcdlo 1n the region. N1cnmguan l ndl~enous leader Mirna Cunnlngh.'\n po1 nted 10 • pilot project bemg camw OUI In N1camgua with md1o and the p~ wh1ch could be ben<flctnl for 1he d.-·elopment of lnd1genous med1a m Ccntml Amenca. She ln(ormrd IPS th.'ll the tr;umng of lndtgenous )oumahsts and professionals ·IS alread)' happemng m the regton. ah hough 01 modest levels." and added that the upgmdmg o( CXIStiOg programs is bcmg sought. ;\dnnn Esquino L1sco. head of the N•uonal Indigenous Association, stated that they were thinking of stnrtlng an lnd1 gcnous mdio station, although they lacked lnfomtatlon on the current situa· tlon R1goberta Menchu. who W:J.S also pr<S<nt at the m<eung, pledgtd the suppon of the Vicente Mcnchu Foundation m undcnnkmg a study of the oaual situotoon and needs of lnd1genous communmos In Guatemala, Hondur3S. N1caroguo Jnd the southern Mexican state of Ch1>p.1S. COMMUNICATION of trust "'sponslbiliues h tstoblished a Zunl on 1ssucs conct'ming n:uu~l resources. S1gnifl(llmly. the pbn uses Zuni religto\IS ond cuhuml valuos :J.S the b:J.Sis for decision-moktng. This approach to development has pro\•isions to provide Imming of Zunis already brought a 8"'"t deal of success to fall profes.~ional positions. the build- to the project and to Zuni. The project ing of gcogmph1c lnformauon systems. now cmploys60 lll:oplc. 59 of which are ond elabomtlon of n resource develop- Zuni. lmplernc.nuuion o( lhe pktn 1$ 1n its first yblr and watershed rehabilitament pion. Intellectual Property R~ghts is one of lion has already begun. Tmd1tional agothe pLOJ«ts prmctpal concerns. 2um are culture IS molong a comeback and trndl· in the process of deflmng for themselves uon>l technolog)' lor ci'0$1on control IS what Zum tmellectu>l proptny IS and being tncorpomt<d mto the rthabohta· what t)'pt of "pLOt<ctton" they would non \\rork. lnd1gcnous communuzes hkr to sec for thts proptrt)CTrodutoml tntemauon.tlly have shown amerest in seeds, for exnmple. need to be plotect· the ptOJCClS appro.1Ch to communuyed. but cnnnot be used-¢,-en by b:J.Sed development ZunlS-for commerdol purposes. $.1cred sues. religtous ani(:~cts. trodiuonal an Tribal Sovereignty: Back to the styles. l:mgungc. religtous ceremonies. Future? songs. and medicimd plants nre other his symposiUm on the rights ond status of Indigenous people was types Of "property" COnSidered for pro· tection . sponsored by 1he St. Thomas University. A related yet sepamte Issue is that its Hun10n Rights Institute, its law of cultural preservntlon. Many of school. and the Oklahoma Cuy Zunt5. tradhaons have endured the pas• Umverslty Notlve Amerlcon Legal 500 years. Zum contmue to pracuce Rcsoun:e Center. It took place m ~hami, rchgoous and cultuml tmdiuons that Flonda on Dec I and 2 The conference. ongmatcd thous.mds of years >go. The addressed issues or lod1311 culture and past 50 yc.• rs. howe\'tr. have brought sptritu>hty "" well M cbiOIS of tnlxtl about ropld chongcs In dcmograph1cs 50\'treignt)' and cnucal IS>Ues of fcdcral and hfestylt. The Conserv:mon project lndL1n law. ond was designed 10 Crt.lte a holds that much of I he do mage 10 Zuni launchmg pad for ongoing research and lands "'suhcd from the breaking of ana.lysos. Zuni Conservation Project traduional forms of land manngcmcnt. The conference fcaturcd • broad Pushes Sustainable and know~ that traditional methods array of subject m~ner ond expen Development are much more sustnlnnble, and strh·es speakers from Bmzll to Alnskn. Papers he Zuni Tnbe loc~ned in wesHcn- 10 mcorpomtc and rtjuvenme the use from the conference and highlights of tml New Mexico fomted the Zuni of traditional technologies and prac- the discussions will be published in a Conscrvntlon Pl\)jcct in 199 1 to serve as lices into nnturnl resource use plan· special Spring 1995 issue of the Sr. th~ir dcl):'rCmem of n:uurnl resources. ning. Thomas l.aw Re••fcw. The Zuni communuy has approximately By the end of 1993. the Zuni 9,000 pe-ople. In 1990, p.15Sag< of the Conse"•auon Pro.JC(t completed a plan For mot< lnformattoto: the Zuni Conservauon Act enabled of acuon fe>< sustaonablc development Pnlf"'-"'' Slrtfru:d ll'f<»tt<r. Clwlr. Sutnng l>unchlng of 1hc project The Act was -the Zuno ~rce o.:,·elopment Plan. Commlll« Tribal Sowr<~g~~ly S)Oijli>Wm. J>35$d to cnd Ol.'lny >~rs of litiW~tion This pbn follows the forn~11 of the UN'S S<. ThDrnM UnM"'IJI S<looal cf l.a"' >g>lnst the US Go\'cmment for damage Ag.onda 21 doeumem. tn se1ung gu1dc- 16-ICO N IV J2nd "'~ Mwmt, fl<>nd<J JJOSi. to Zum l•ncb ond f10m mismanag.omem hnes. goals. and .lCioon obJCcti\'CS for Td; (lOS) 62J.2JOS, FGX. (lOS) 62J-2.J90 I T 16 Sl7 moUton trust fund to set up a system of bnd management to rehobilit;ue nnd conserve Zums land and natu.ml resources. Also Included In the Act ore T � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Zuni Conservation Project Pushes Sustainable Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Zuni Conservation Project Pushes Sustainable Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 36 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note An indigenous tribe in New Mexico is implementing a sustainable development plan that draws from the tribe's traditional forms of land management. Attachment Title Zuni_conservation_project.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Agriculture Intellectual Property Rights sustainability Zuni Conservation Act http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/7d21adf1ab7b77f7d41b3286b2166c45.pdf 7df5bd1f72f7675c1dc71a3a35855847 PDF Text Text • We Are Involved 1n a joint Struggle Interview With Carmen lrnamberna undreds of Indigenous rcp~ntatwes gathered In Gene•"• m june of 1994 10 discuss nnd comment on the Draft Dcclar.uion of Indigenous Rights being prcJ>Jrcd by the UN Working GI'Oup on lndtgcnous Peoples. There, we lme"oewed C.1nnen lrnamberna, Prcsidem of the l'ederauon of Indigenous People ond O>mpesinos of lmb.1bura (fiCI). one of the largtst hoghland Indian organl%3uons m Ecwdor. on the draft dedar.ulon and her expc~nces 3S a \\'Ort13n leader H zauon. our own politics. our own foznls of economic devel· opmr:m . 1'here are differences between lndi~enous People on the best wny to express our rights. Some argue for '"free·dcter· mlnmlon.· others ror '"autonomy... Autonomy implies the expansion, the development lof rights]. under already established norms and structures. W11h free.<feterrninnuon. we are peuuonang the dtre<:t recogmuon of our nghtS-that go..emments recogntze us for who we an: These differences m<rcly tndtcate that the different peoples we rcpn:sem confront dtf· fcrent problems. have different >truggles. and diff~rent expenences. And so for some, the dedarn11on or autonomy ts suffictent. 6ut fo r those who arc t ruly in >truggle fo r free deterrmnl).uon. nutonomy is not suffic:1Cill. V.1 hcre there is n'uch discl'lmlnation, it will not protect us. We lof Ecuador! at'C argumg for free-detenninatlon, not simply autonomy. My position has aiW3)'S been 1h.11 1f we are not recognized in this Arc you >3tisfied wi th what has occurred here 31 the UN or do you think that lhe aspirations of l ndigcnous Peoples arc not being heMd? Well, I cn.mot e"actly s.1y sousfted Out 11 seems to me that the initiatives proposed here "'" Important so that " "'h ume the governmentS increasmgly open up the barriers 10 the recognlllon that we Indigenous peoples have rightS. This sp.1ee here in the UN Working Group IS impoTWlt for manner then we cannOt say tlut thl$ is our law-t.hat o£ tht outlming a program whteh the Indigenous Peoples can then lndtgenous Peoples. Rather. It Is • UN bw decbred tn the use. But I bel•.-·e th:u nothmg will change through this alone. pr~nct of lndtgcnous Peoples. Our only guamntec " the force of our peoples. Regardless of how many laws ore appro..ed. tf our commu- To conclude. could you say something about your posinltie~ don't struggle. there are no gua<Jntees. Clearly the law tion. Y are the only female president o f an Indigenous ou will be • lcgalmstrumem , but Its use depends solely on our federa tion in Ecuador. Whm enabled tha.t and what chalstrength. A s lew of laws protecting our human rights already lenges do yQu face? exist. but when and where have they truly been applied ? This is what everyone asks me. :md I really don't have a \Vhcn hnvc: we been protected under them? Rarel}r. if ever. clear re>ponse. Since <he mceptlon of FICI, for the twenty arc luws on paper complied wnh. More often the ime.rests of years thJt 11 has existed. !here h.~ ne•·er been a woman as thost In power rule. So, regardless of how marvelous our president There h.'tS been female p3ruclpntion and leaderprogram here m the Worlung Group ts, 11 will nt\'er bear >lttp. but thiS has always been •n <he role of S«mary of fruu unless w~ guarantee: it Women-not the pn:siden<:): not. even as head of one of the olher dep.utmcnts. So. lhtS ttme there W:IS a mtr.telc. llow do you feel about the drnft d cclamtion, where d oes FlCI s tond in this regard' How have the: men in the orgtmi:Qtion responded to you. Some J>tOplc believe that, because a universal decla· d<) you reel t hat t hey doub t your capacity? Well. that depends on how you proceed in the work. rntion of human rights already exists. that this adequately covers all of humanity. llut actu.1lly. Indigenous People are not S<)me may have doubts, but In gcnerni, I h:we the total sup· taken adequotcly into account under existing laws. I believe port of my colleagues. If they don't >up port me. I Sl)' th:u lhey that lndtgenous People need to be nddress.:d spocific.tlly. arc not. obeying the desires of the provt!I(Oe. For I was not because we arc different. We h.1•e our own forms of org.1ni- elected b)· JUSI one community but by the provmctal congress. JO ~Yala 1\'aos �WO MAtl To date. I have not had any problems, but rather the support and respect of all the members. \Vhat aboul women'S organiz·ing within the FlCI? Are there groups that work specifically on women's issues? Our form of struggle docs not stop " ;th specific objectives for women. I believe thot this is something imposed by colo· nialism-that women arc to fight for their rights separately. and that men then organize for the men. I don\ agree with this. I believe that we are involved in a joint Struggle where men. women, and children participate. But we can have specific activities as women within this snuggle and there can be specific problems between the genders. after all. machismo still exisls. But what we, as women, are trying to promote is that everyone is respec-ted as an equal. And that everyone understands that women are capable of assuming any responsibility. 'IA'e, as Indigenous people and a$ women ne.ed to have direct relations between our peoples where limita~ions are not imposed. where our spaces are not limited. As women. we need to understand that we are capable of taking any responsibility-that we can move forward. Throughout the world , we heard about d\e Indigenous uprising lruajune that dnew much of lhe country into tur· moil until the Ecuadorian government agreed to negotiate with Indigenous organizations. \Vhat caused the uprising? The central issue was the new agrnrian law. Over the past few years. the National llgrarian Coordinating Body organized by CON/liE held assemblies and workshops in communities to debate agrarian reform. This popular analysis Cltlminated in the "L.1w for Integrated Agriculture", which we presented to the National Congress a year ago. Yet. this proposal was never discussed by congress. In May of this year. the executi\•e branch submitted its own agrarian la\v, FoUo,-.ring our vigor· ous protest, congress rejected this law, but then turned around and approved a virtually identical bill of the dominant conservative party-the Social Democrats. The nationai "Mobilization for Life• erupted from the political and unconsl..ituti6naltnanipulation or this law that direct~ ly affects the live.• of Indigenous people and small fanners in Ecuador. The mobilization began on June 13 and lasted more than eight da)os. It resulted in many deaths. three disappearances. and 540 injured. \Vho was responsible for this violence? Throughout the Mobilization for Life, the government never accepted our proposal for open dialogue. Instead, President Duron's solution was to declare a State of Emergency. In this way, he began to milit~rize target communities. \Vhcn the nlilitary and police were authorized to intervene. the killing began. The deaths and injuries were the product of the govcmment's state of emergency. Vol. 8 No. 4 So. what's the current situation wilh the agrari3n law? Well , the law was approved. But finally, after so n)any deaths, the Tribunal of Constitutional Guarontees declared the law unconstitutional. At the same time. however, the President and the Social Democtats appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. Thus the law was still in force despite the fact that a high-level institution of the s:une state declared it to be unconstitutional. \~'e. of the Agraian Coordinating Body. have appealed to the Supreme Court that it too declare the law unconstitutional. At the same time, a commission was established to re£onn the 1aw. The commission comprised representatives of the: Catholic church . Indigenous organizations, agribusiness and ranching, the national congress. the Social Democrat Party. Ministry of 1\gricuhure, and the President of the Republic himself. Decisions of the commission are simpl)' recommendations. howe\• and mtast still be approved by congress er. where the conservative Social Democrats :trc 1hc majority. ls the government showing good will in relation to Indigenous demands now? 1 there were good will, the government would have acted r before all the violence. We don't believe the re is good will. Rather, the commission 'vas constituted because of the Indigenous movementS demands and the intervention of international organiu.tions. That is why we have dialogue. Still, this is not a dialogue where decisive resolmions can be made. Rather, it is a dialogue similar to that occurring here in the Working Group. Carmen lrnamberna·s organization FICI represems thousands o f Ind igenous people in the Ecuadorian highland s, like these women from Otavato province. 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource We Are Involved in a Joint Struggle: Interview With Carmen Irnamberna Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title We Are Involved in a Joint Struggle: Interview With Carmen Irnamberna Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 30-31 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Abya Yala News interviews Carmen Irnamberna, President of the Federation of Indigenous People and Campesinos of Imbabura, on challenges, issues, and possible repercussions of the Draft Declaration of Indigenous Rights being prepared by the UN Working Group on Indigenous Peoples. Attachment Title We_are_involved_in_a_joint_struggle.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] FICI Human Rights UN Working Group on Indigenous Peoples http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/0cbf9c0e9e62055028489b82ced8e624.pdf 2f994b26b83ffa990d5154782a93a883 PDF Text Text PERSPECTIVES ON B IODIVERSITY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY The Human Genome Diversity Project: Implications for Indigenous Peoples We reported on the Human Genome Diversity Project in Abya Yala 's Dec. 1994 issue. Indigenous opposition to the project has been growing since that time. and the project has yet to respond ade· quately to fundamental ethical problems such as those raised in this article. By Debra Harry he HUinan Genome Diversity Project (HGD Project) proposes to collect blood and 1issue so1m · pies from hundreds of different Indigenous groups worldwide for T gcnc1ic swdy. On the assumption 1hat these groups are headed for extinction, sc-ientists :ue rushing to gather DNA somples before they disoppe•r. Then, Issues of Concern HGO Project sciemists claim to be searching ror answers to questions about human evolution. However, Indigenous peoples already possess strong beliefs and knowledge regarding their creation and hiStories: funhemlore. this is not a ptiotity concern for Indigenous people. The HGD Projects assumptions that the they say. ;u least the human genetic diversity will be prcser:vcd in gene banks as "'immortalized cell lines." BUl why the tremendous interest in sa\ring the genes of Indigenous people •nd not the people themselves? Who rc311y populations will be "discovered" and sdemilkally •answered" is insuhing to groups who already ha\'Cstrong cuhural beliefs regording their origins. What will be the ilnpact or a scientific theory stands to benefit from this endeavor? of evolution and migration that is ami· What •rc the dangers and long-term implications of biotechnology and genetic engineering? These are ques· tions Indigenous people must ask them· selves tn order w protect their interests in lite face or such a mysterious and well-funded cffon. thetical to an ln<ligenous groups com· mon beliefs? Will these new theories be used to challenge aboriginal territorial cl•ims, or rights to l•nd? Debra Harry is a Paitde Indian from Ntmda, USA. Sl1e is n:scarchirtg ISS!(f.S rdatrd lo IPR •nd the HGD Proj<Cl. Vol.8 No. 4 origins and/or migrations of Indigenous Medical Benefits? The often repeated claim that med· ical applications will be developed to tre•t diseases sulfered by Indigenous peoples is a complete misrepresemation of the Project. •nd scn•es to coerce the participation of subj~ts based on the false hope for medical n>ir:~cles. The Project's mandate is simply to collect. database. and maintain genetic samples Md dma, not to develop medic•! appli· C.3tions. The HGD Project will make the genelic samples available to "the pub· lie ... However, it is not clear who will have access to the data and actual genetic samples. It appears that the HGD Project will maintain an open· access policy. This me<~ns th3t once genetic ma1erials are stored in gene banks. they will be available in perpe· tuity. with minimal control. to anyone requesting access. Scientists need only demonstr:\te the validity of thei r scien· tific research in order to gain access to the samples. Medical applications are in fact likely 10 result from the eventual research. manipulation. and commercialization or the genetic materials. But they will mosl likely come in the form of pharmaceuticals or expensive genetic therapy techniques. Possible benefits ";II go only to those who can 13 �PERSPECTIVES ON BIODIVERSITY AND INTELLECTUAl PROPERTY afford the high costs of such treat · ments. The proposition that medical bene· fits will result from genetic &'tmpling is further suspect since no aspect of the project will take imo account the role that existing and historical socio-eco· nomic or environmental conditions play in the health of lndigcnoll5 com· munitics. lf an Indigenous popuhuion were interested in researching a genetic ques· tion spec,ific to their group. they would not need the HGD Project to do so. Genetic research te<:hnology and cxper· Since 1980: .. there has been a disturbing trend in US patent law that extends patent protec· tion to life forms. tise is widely available. The enticement of potential medical benefits is an empty promise which will be used to gain access to communities for the collection of samples. Commercialization. Ownership and Intellectual Property Rights The HGD Project l'l!iscs inevitable questions regarding both ownership of the genetic samples themselves and who stands to profit from the commcrcializa.. tion of products derived from the sam~ pies. The Proje<:t puts Indigenous peoples' most fundamental property-their own genes-in the hands of anyone who wants to experiment with them. In dotng so. the Project opens the door to widespread commcrci31ization and potential misuse of the samples and data. The Project will enable "bioprospectors" to stake legal claims on the natural genetic resource base of Indigenous pe:o· 14 pies. Some of those claims will strike it rich, in the fom> of profitable patents. As in the case of future medical applications. the d irect benefits from the HGD gene banks will go to those who can arTord 10 invest in research , manipulation and commercialization of the genetic data. Patent law will be the primary vehicle which enables scientists to secure exclusive rights to the genetic samples. Patent laws gl'llnt a limited propcrt)' right to the patent holder and exclude others from using the patented item for a specific period of time. usually for n 17 -yeaq>eriod. Patenting Human Genes Since 1980. when the US Supreme Coun ruled that the creation of an oil· t..1.ting microbe ls patemable. there has been a disturbing trend in US patent law that extends patent protection to life forms. Since then, the US Patent and Trademork Office ( PTO) has granted patents for newly created micro-organ .. isms, living animals. and for human tiS· sues and genes, b reaking the longstanding policy thm animate life forms were not patentable. The National Institutes of Health. and others. ha,,e secured patent rights for fl'llgmcnted gene sequences. many with unknown function and physical significance. This lrend has enabled research inslitutions and corporations to secure patents for almost 5% of the entire human genome, and has spurred a ntsh for o'vnership of the remaining 95% of the human genome. Does anyone have the right to own a life form or to commodify parts of the human body> While many debate the ethical and mol'lll implia.tions or patenting life fonns, in 1993 US Secretary of Commerce Ron Bro"" filed a patent claim on the cell line of a 26-year-<>ld Guayami woman from Panarna. Her ceH line was of interest because some Guaya.mi people carry a unique \~rus, and their antibodies may prove useful in AIDS and leukemia research. Fortunately, intetnational protest and action by the Guaymi General Congress and others led to the withdrawal of the patent claim by the US Secretary of Commerce in November 1993. Patent claims have also been filed by the Secretary of Commerce for the cell lines of Indigenous people from the Solomon Islands. The Solomon Islands Government has demanded withdrawal of the patent applications and repatriation of the genetic samples. citing ar1 invasiort of sovereignty, lack of informed consent. and moral grounds as the reasons for protest. In early March. Secretary Ron Bro\llfl rejected these requests. stating that .. there is no provision for considel'lltions related to the source of the cells that ma)' be the subject of a patent application." In other words, according to existing patent lav..•, the source of a genetic sam· pie is irrelevant. Indigenous people must be aware that it may be extremely difficult or impossible to recover or reparriate sam· pies of our blood, tissues. or body pans, once lhty arc remo·ved from our bodies and stored elsewhere. In 1984 john Moore filed a lawsuit claiming that his blood cells were misappropriated while he was undergoing trearmem for leuken'tia at the University of Califomia. los Angeles Medical Center. During his trealmem. Moore~ doctor developed a cell line which proved '"'luable in fighting bacteria and cancer. The UCLA Board of Regents r.led a patent claim on this cell line from which they developed commercially valuable antibacterial and cancer-fighting ph3rmaceuticals. Moore claimed that he ' v:IS emltled to share in pror.ts derived from commercial uses of Abya Ya.a News l �PERSPECTIVES ON B IODI VERSITY AND I NTELLECTUAL PROPERTY these cells ~nd any other products resulting from reseateh on any of his biological materials. In a significant l990 California Supreme Coun deci· sion. the court established that '"donors· do not have an IPR property right in the tissues removed from their body (6). genes. Sample Collection seems like sc.ience fiction to many peo- The HGD Project will seek the conscm of the individuals and populations to be sampled. Questions of what con- ple. it is a reality. Through genetic engineering, scientists are capable of reprogramming the genetic codes of living stiuncs '"infomled consem" ~md how it will be secured remain to be answered. The HGD Project has secured a gram things to meet societtd or economic goals. Transgenic experiments can rni.x pJam genome with that of animals. and human genome with that of plams or animals. The ethical and legal questions prillls· cf living organisms. C- rle technofo· c gy ma,~cs it possible tc isofatt, s-plfct. insert, rearrar1ge, r-ecombiru: aJUI mass-r·ep!Q{II~Cc placemal tissues as sources for genetic samples? How will the project be explained in the local language? Will the full scope of the project and the short· Vol. 8 No.4 about the full scope or this project and the potcmial dangers of genedc manipulation before they decide whether to participate. It is impermive that our communities become fully aware of the Projects implications and begin documenting proposed or current sample According to existing patent law. the source of a genetic sample is irrelevant. collecting. 'Vlc need to form an interna.. Nonetheless, this area remains vinually tiona! Indigenous research group to unregulated. determine the e.xtent of existing interna· tional protec,tions for human materials. While the HGD Project itself does not plan to do genetic engineering. no safeguards exist t.o prevent others from doing so with the HGD genetic s.1mples. Genetic manipulation mises serious ethical and moral concems for Indigenous peoples. for whom any vi<r lation or the natural order of life is abhorrently wrong. Scientists are genet· ically manipulating existing life fonns. altering dte course of natural evolution, and creating new life forms. Genes are living organisms which reproduce. migmte and mutate. The full implications or genetically altered life forms released imo the envirol'tmem cannot possibly be anticipated. tlal uses or the samples be fully dis- Recommendations Indigenous organizations need to closed? \\r,ll donors be fully informed of the potential for pro£hs that may be alert all Indigenous peoples to the work made from their genetic samples? of the Human Genome Organiz.atfon (the body governing the HGDP) in order \Vith ger~t: lic engineer-ing ca.lmology today. it is P"Ssiblc to manlpulatt the 'bh•e· genetic materials that raised by genetic engineering technolo- gy are nurncrous and unanswered. a.nd long·term implications and poten· Other Potential for Misuse Ml)' community education ax'ld discussiOt\ -Andrew Kimbrell, The Human 8ody Shop. 1994. Though genetic engineering still from the J.D. ~nd C .T. MacArthur Foundation (despite the expressed opposition of Native leaders) in order to develop a model protocol for the collection of genetic samples from lndigenous groups. The concept of "informed consem· rniscs m3ny unanswered questions in the minds of Indigenous peoples, such as: Who is authorized to give consent? Should consent be required only by the individual being sampled, or also include the governing body of that par· ticular tndigenous nation? C.."\n consent be granted by government o!ftcials or the nation-state in which Lhe Indigenous nation is located? How will permission be obtained for collection o£ samples from the deod, or for use or fetal and reclaiming have already been taken. Indigenous people must engage in and to develop additional policies which insure the protection of our imellecLUal. cultural and biological propeny rights. Indigenous people must call for a world-wide mor3torium on the collec· tion, datab:~sing. transformation. and commercialization of cell lines and genetic materials of Indigenous peoples umil international standards and regulation are put into place which fully pro· teet the environment and the interests of Indigenous peoples. For Mort lnf()rmation Omrace Debra Harry, P. 0 . Box 72, Nixon, Nt:\'ada 89~24. 002) 574·0309 tmail: /)(bra_Narl)•@Togc:ther.org or dharry@igCAJX:.OI); jcanncut Atmstrc>ng. En'ow- in Ctnue, 257 k 8fi.UI.SWici.: Sttetl. Pt:nlteton. BC V2A l n materials by this project, or by free-lance (604) 493-7181 RAFl·Canada. (Rural Ad\'at~Ccmtm Fowtdation tncemalfonal), Suite 504-7 J Bank Sl'""· Oua..·a. Onwrio KIP 5N2. (613) 567· scientists. and to assist groups in 6880 lO pre,·ent the taking of their genetic 15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Human Genome Diversity Project: Implications for Indigenous Peoples Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Debra Harry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title The Human Genome Diversity Project: Implications for Indigenous Peoples Item Type Journal Article Author Debra Harry Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 13-15 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Human Genome Diversity Project seeks to collect genetic information from indigenous peoples across the globe. Indigenous communities should be hesitant to comply, given the potential for misuse and exploitation. Attachment Title The_human_genome_diversity_project.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Genetics Human Genome Diversity Project Intellectual Property Rights Patent Law http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/502bc62fe0444372bfafa5ffda5ef47a.pdf 914731534b461dbc55dc9b3c5282ee1f PDF Text Text ORGANIZATION - - --=- Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded lndigenous organizations. Panicipants di.scussecl1he struggle for autonomy and self.detcnnination. how to create mech· anisms to assure respect for Indigenous he Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their rights. and how to strengthen access to decision·making on Em·lronment opened an ofric:e in government T Washington DC in Nov. 1994 to Indigenous rights. The intent of the con· impro,·e communication and coordina· ference was to develop clear definitions of autonomy and self·detemlination. tion among US-based NGOs working with Amazonian peoples. The Coalition was born from an alliance between Indigenous peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals concerned with the fu ture of the Amazon and its peo· pies. Coalition Members suppon Indigenous territorial rights and sustain~ nblc development ahemath·es. and share the belief that people are an integral pan or the ecosystem. The Coalition will hold an annu.~l Fomm !or NGOs to meet, receive guidance !rom Indigenous leaders of the Amazon. discuss current issues, and develop politic~l action su·atcgies. Topics at next years !omm (May I O-l2 1995 in Washington. DC) will include: Free trade and De\'elopmem, Intellectual Property Rights. the Timber Industry. At present the Coalition has three working groups: U.S. Policy and Hl.lntan Rights. Defense of Territories. and Financial Resources. It is helping to coordinate a number of cmnpaigns such as the Ecuador oil campaign. In an e!fon to promote communications among interested organizations. the Coalition: distributes a monthly Am~ort Update with news from Co..1lition members. F()r mor~ inj()rm,uion, p/(6$(. ccncac1: CoalitiOIJ Coordinmo,. Melina Sel\'Cl:Ston. 1$1/ I< St. N\V Suit< 10+1, 1\~ irtgton . DC 2()()()$. Te/;(202) 637-97 I8.jax;(202)63i· 9719. emaiJ: am«Z:om:ool@fgc.apc.oJi. Self-determination Seminar in Mexico T he Second Seminar on Sclf-determi· nation in Mexico held on Jan. 20·21 was organized b)1 the Colegio de Mexico under the direction of Rudol!o Stavenhagen and hosted by Oax.1can Vol. a No.4 American Indian Satellite Network Makes History or the first time. Native.owned and F public radio stations across the country have access to regular program· ming for and about Natjvc Americans. thanks to the new t\IROS (American Indian Radio on Satellite) network. Since Oct. 31. tl1is history-making ser· ,;ce has offered a daily one-hour feed or dramas. documentaries. litcrmure, self. help programs and heritage pieces, all related to Native Americans. The AIROS network, initially funded b)• the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, is developing and establishing what will eventually be a 2+ hour distribmion system of radio pro~ grnmming by, for and about Native Americans. The AIROS feed includes a storyudling series, interviews with various Native American personalities. historical specials and a multi-pan series on breaking the C)'cle of child abuse. as well as a ' 'ariety of other specials and series. Nalivt America Calli11g will premiere at the end of February as a daily. hour-long. live call-in talk show focus· AND COMMUNICAT I ON most of whom operate on inadequate funds; says Susan Braine, AI~OS Manager. "We're working closely with the tribal stations to detem1ine program~ ming needs and to address those needs through tl1e radio programs that AIROS is able to acquire. Our goal is to encour· age and facilitate their own production of these programs. This is their network. It will be as successful and relcvnm as they. the stations, collectively make it: Braine said. AIROS also has plans to acquire ponable uplinks in order to broadcast conferences. po'"'vows. and oLhcr cui· tur:d events from reservations. This would allow tribes to share limited resources while learning from each other. For more information on the t\IROS schedule. contaCt your local public or Native.owned rndio station. Stations interested in becoming affiliated with AIROS should contact Susan Braine at 402-472·0484. Internet for Native Peoples Conference ndigenous activists !rom throughout California gathered at U.C. llerkelcy on Nov. l9 to learn new techniques and I discuss the opportunities for network· ing and alliance building on the in!or· tnation highway. Marc Uecker led a workshop using the Mosaic program to explore the Internet. This prompted both ideas and concerns about using the lmernet as a tool for funhering the causes of Indigenous peoples world wide. 01scussion that followed pointed to the ing on currem issues a.nd topics affecting demand for a larger and more in·depth conference in the future. Man)' who Native Americans. attended questtoned the use of this tech· nology !or people living on resen'l!tions and other third-world conditions who radio is the sole telecommunicmiot\S might not ll.we access to telephone lines service. AIROS directors see the net- or even electricity. work as a first-step towM<I an ambitious Ifyou have acc:t:SS lo a computer and modem. goal: building and linking stations on you mighc be inten-..ste(l in the following liscs the 250 Indian reservations in the rdatcd to Indigenous issues: Indigenous United States. greatest challenge is Knowlt:dg(. NaJive Netin obtaining Native comcm programs. Jisturv@('OP'ndl.tdu, Chiclt;, ~·fujcr 1.. ·liSt· particularly from the Native stations, proc@lmrinet.gsc.ucsb.cd!f, Rata Net. t\IROSlinks most of the 25tribal sla· tions located in Native communities in 10 states, many on reservations where ·our 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Self-determination Seminar in Mexico Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Self-determination Seminar in Mexico Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 35 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous groups in Mexico held a recent conference to discuss important indigenous issues including autonomy and self-determination. Attachment Title Self_determination_seminar.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Autonomy Colegio de Mexico Indigenous Rights Oaxaca Mexico self-determination http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/0091a8f0daabe283c53627b90795704b.pdf 2496f54cd005894d95ece7a4d7612491 PDF Text Text I N B R I E F_ _ ,_,_ Indian Communities Trapped by Ecuador-Peru Border Conflict ighting erupted between the Peruvian and Ecuadorian armies in a disputed Amazon border region ~long the Ccnepa Rh·er valley on jan. 26. What looked at first like an isolated border skirmish has escalated into an intense conOict F At a press conference concluding their visit. the commission announced that the govemment could St<tnd in \'io1ation of the right to life and well·being as a result of oil pollution in the Amazon. t\ final repon on the visit has yet to be released. For more info,.matwn. coruacr: with at leasl 47 dead and 94 wounded combatants. The Sierra Qub l..tgal Dtj01S< Fund. /80 Montgomery St.. Suire HOO. S<ln Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE) demanded a cease fire on Jan. 3 1. stating that. "'more than 300 communities a.re located in the zone of mili· FranclS<o, CA 9410-1, (415) 627·6700. FGX: (-liS) 62i·6i40, email: scldjsj@igc.copc.org. tary connic.t, these Indigenous cornmunilies that have nol Peruvian Indian Communities File Suit Against Texaco n December 29. a class action la,vsuit \I/3S filed in feder- been auended by either the government of Peru or of Ecuador". An unknown number of Indian residents of the region have been displaced from their communities. despite calls by CONAIE for the governments to respect the lives and territo· ry of Indigenous peoples. The war is reportedly costing each side overS 10 million a day. and has heated up with bombings on each side of the border and the downing of several Peruvian planes and a helicopter. Ecuador accepted a CCtlSC· fire mediation offer from former US president Jimmy C:mer and former COSta Rica president Oscar Arias. but Pcno declined to comment on the offer. OAS Commission Investigates Ecuadorian Human Rights Violations or yem'S. Indigenous organizations in the Ecuadorian Fmassive oilh•we suffered hum-an rightsb}'violations asmultina· Amazon a resuh or dC\'Cloptnem carried US-based OUl tiona! corporations and the Ecuadorian government within their territories. The struggle to resolve these problems hit a turning point on Nov. 7 when the Org...'\nit3tion of American Sunes· spe(:ial commission on hun'la.n rights arrh•ed in Ecuador to investigate human rights abuses in that country. Although the commission framed its visit as a general investigation of the human rights situation in Ecuador. the impact of oil development on Indigenous peoples was one of O al coun in New York on behalf of 20.000 Indigenous people !hong on and around the Napo River in the nonheast Peruvian Amazon. The suit charges that mismanaged Texaco activities within Ecuador, along the upper ~ches or the Napo River, caused severe damage to the lnditms' w3y of life in Peru- damage due to the release of huge amoums of toxic chemicals. and to repeated oil spills. This case follows a ground-breaking victory by Ecuadorian Indian organizations in the spring of 1994, when a New York coun held that Texaco could be held liable in US couns for their actions in Ecuador. The Peruvian suit charges Lhat ··texaco deliberately ignored reasonable and S<lfe practices and treated the pristine Amazon roin forest ... :md its people as a toxic waste dump... lt runhcr contends that over 400 flawed well sites were built. despite Texaco's full knowledge that they would ·rcsuh in SC\'Cre spills and environmental damages. The Ecuadorian governmem estimates that Texaco spilled 16.8 million gallotlS of crude oil and oil residues in its Amazonian provinces. with an unknov.m portion winding up downriver in Peru. As recently as J992. the Peruvian Rio Napo ran black with crude that had been released upstream . Irifonnati(}l1 I'YOYid<d by Edwatd f-lmnmcml.. two topics the Commission actually in\'cstigated (the other bemg the treatment of prisoners) . Half of the Commissions delegation traveled to the Oriente region. where they met with representatives from grassroots organizations and leaders or Lhe eoran and Siona·Secora tthnic groups. Commission members were appalled at Lhe impact of Texaco oil develop· ment on the envir onment. The Commission also mt:l with a Huaorani community from the Napo region who reponed on .J>ollution and the encroachment of colonists in their territory. In addition to meeting with state authorities, the Commission consulted environmental. human rights, and Indigenous organizations. including representatives from: CONAl E. CONFENIAE. COICA. ECUARUNARI, FICI, FOIN, and OINt\E. 4 Brazilian Senate Proposes Law Threatening Land Demarcation he Brazilian Stn..1te 3pproved a bill 3imed at eventually reducing existing 1ndian Areas within frontier zones. nnd T complicating the process of rmure demarcations. 10 become law. this bill will have to be approved by the Chamber of Deputies and the President of Lhe Republic. If approved. the btl! will put the already demarcated Yanomami Indian Area. located along the Venezuelan border, at risk of being reduced. The bill threatens not only the Yanomami. but would be a blow to all Indian peoples in Brazil. It is supported by CCO· nomic groups with a \'CSted intcr~t in exploiting the natural resources within the Indian Areas. as wen as cenain sectors or Abya Ya~ News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OAS Commission Investigates Ecuadorian Human Rights Violations Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title OAS Commission Investigates Ecuadorian Human Rights Violations Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 4 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Organization of American States (OAS) commences an investigation on human rights violations related to oil development on the part of US-based multinational corporations in Ecuador. Attachment Title OAS_commission_investigates.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Cofan Human Rights Napo Organization of American States Siona-Secoya http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/7017645c55efae6be075884bbca2f346.pdf b390c9d9a6822f3653880f1ba7cd9849 PDF Text Text ENVIRONMENT AND DE VELOP MENT International Opposition To Parana-Paraguay Hidrovia Mounts :as endangered by tht Hidi'O\'\a P'PJ«l Indigenous people from Brszi/, Parogvay. and BoiM8 joined envfronmenUJ/ grovps and sccJal orgonltotlons from eight countries in questioning p!Dns for lltllndusltiBI wst01W9Y on the Poroguoy ond Parona Rivers which. acccrdlng to technlcQ/ experts. could droin the we<ld's ltlrpest wetland expanse. tile Pantano/ of Mato Grosso. Brazil. The meeting, ~lied "Hidi<JVf8 Paf8na.Parag~ lrnpliCts ond Alternatives · was held ot tile Lotln American Parliament in Soo Paulo, from December 8-10. lives within the hm1lS of the PanlllllOI Three lnchgenous dclcg.uo were ch~ sen to panlclpate tn the coordin,uing body which will ad1•Jne< propos.1l~ for a brood campaign to r:usc aw:H"tness and development acaion plans regarding the ParnnaParaguoy liidroVla. According 10 p.utleipants at the Hidrovia semtn.'lr, "EnvunnmtntaJ lmp:act Studies mUSt include the p.1niclpatlon of •U scaorso[sodet~.. (thc lbnksl mu.st consult with lite pubbc tn a way wluch ts open and truly portJClpatory· The lmcr-aonmcan o.-..,lopment lbnk and Unttl'<l N:ouons De-~lopmtnt Progrrunme •rc coordmatlng economoc >nd cnglnecnng feosibtlity S~ud­ IOS. and an en\1ronm<nU11 impact ~ rmnt (ElA) for tht Htdrovia project. Conferene< delegates olso pointed out that the. Paragun)~n go\'ernnlcnt h:;a.s already indicated u ,..;u request bids from engineering companies tO explode rock outcroppings nt the b.uc of the Pantanal, which could lu1't irrtverslblc environ· mtnl3.1 impacts. NGO delegates at the S.1o Paulo n~«ting warned "If \\'Ork btgtns on pons of the projeCt b<fo"' the Environmtnttllmpnct Assessment is compkted ... dte E1A "'" hal-. no ,·,tlue. • by Glenn Switkes 0 rg.1nl:otions gathered in Sao Poolo womcd that construcnon or tht Hfdmia could climm>te lite P:mt2113l~ oblhty to hold "''"" dunng tht r:uny season. ause dls:Nrous llooding downslrc:~m, >nd threaten tht sun"-.! of n.1u'"' ~pits ond 01htr commun.ti<:s hvmg along the "'"'r ond itS tribumries. lndtgcnous ~pies nrt also concerned tht projeCt would hann populnuons or ftSh. birds. and wildlife, on which natl\·e commtmiues depend for $lll'Vh'tll. They also for.set incrtascd lond conflictS resulting from speculmory land buying. nnd a flow or mlgmms to tht arto in sc:m:h of jobs. Supponers of tht project claim that opentng tht upper ~hes of lite Pnmguay Rtver to ~-goong ,-es.sefs an sm-.. as tht "backbone' of South Amtnan «»nomic tntcgrauon ,._,than the new Southern Cone Common M>rk<t. Mtrrosur Some lu'"' gone so bras to P"'· doct • series of watetw>)'S that will hnk the Parnguay wtth the J\m.1ZOn and Onnoco. lndtgcnO\tS ~pie lllkang pan in the meeting sounded n warning based upon thetr cxp<:ritnces w1th other lnrgc-scak development projects. Vitor J\urnp<: Bakairi cited in>JXICts from Polonorocste. o World Bank road building projea. which he s.1ld "'tort ap;1n our communilies. People lOSt thtlr lond and mO\'td to the periphery of the citl<s. Many or our womt:n b«an~ prostktutt"S. \Ve don\ want tlut to h>ppen •sa•n." G!atn S"'tllu> coordtMlts d>t lotlllUIIi<lo!al Rmrs Nco.'llrk) HidMld C<tmp<ltgn. Vol8No.4 Bias Fedcnco Garctol, of the ~era! Coonhnmng Body or the l'llcom.1)'0 Basin of Pnr:lgu>)' S>ld th>t tht COUts< of tht Pilcomayo Rl\"tr \\';IS :s.hem:l m a nunntr smubr lO th>l pl.'nncd for tht l'>rogua): ·we don\ rt:member onymorc how II "':IS before. when the Pllcomoyo was the source of our hfe. !Wn doesro' come anymort. It's Impossible to cuhwate food. We had an cnonnOU$ L1ke, Lag11na Escabnte Cuellar, where <here was nlways rtSh: According tO Federico Gan:~1. the river project dosed ofT the river's tributaries. drying up the lake. Valtntin Mutlxt Guajt. the Sccrttary for Economy and Development of the Ccntr:J.I of Indigenous Ptoples of the Bolivian Orient< (0008), exp,.,...d tht r\011\'e poop!ts' dctenn•natoo to be tnvoh'td •n the discussion >nd dc~c J't&'rdmg the PfOJ«l- '\Vho ore we? A"'"" bke buk .,,. mals 1111htn the lores~l MOSt o( our peoplt lil'e along tht m-.rs. We thought de\-.lopmcnt was pnnletpatOry. equ.'l But. we see it is not. This development wtll sef\'e tht needs of how n"'nyl" Mann Guarnnl, of the K.1guateca Association, and Mn~~Cos Tcrtna, of the Allliancc of Indigenous Peoples of the Southern Cone, dtclartd their intention to disseminate infonn:uion on potential impncts of the 11idt'O\'tllto oatil'< communittes. Other rtp~ntftlwcs included Terena, Guamm, Bororo, Knlngang. and Partci people from Mlllo Grosso and M:no Grosso do Sui, Bnzd, as wdl :as Atlton Krcnak from the lndogenous Research Ccntu Adduion31 popuJ.utons identirl«< ''Y"""'· Ch.1m.1COCO, Tobo· mclude tht Maskoy, Angatte, P>t Tall)ten. and lite Guato, s popubuon ne~r extinction whiCh For marc tr.formaiJMC tr.t<ntcllt<ltlal RMt> Naworl<, 18'17 Bcrkdey ll'cly.ll<rkdey 01 9i 703. J\ n:port 'Consldcring tht HtdrO\fa" is availabl< forS 12 lnd;genouslea<ler Mana VitO< Guarani (right) adres.ses the meeting on Hidtovia 29 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Opposition To Parana-Paraguay Hidrovia Mounts Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn Switkes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title International Opposition To Parana-Paraguay Hidrovia Mounts Item Type Journal Article Author Glenn Switkes Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 29 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous groups from Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia and environmental organizations gathered in Sao Paulo to discuss the potential environmental ramifications of the proposed industrial waterway on the Paraguay and Parana Rivers. Attachment Title International_opposition_to_parana_paraguay_hidrovia_mounts.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Conservation Hidrovia waterway Paraguay River Parana River http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/4410aa2f8f2888b06c4aab6c4edb1378.pdf 99d8175226e3e6b7e87f1c36217950c7 PDF Text Text ----- E~V I RO~ME~T A~D DEVELOPMENT Indigenous Peoples Unite Against Pan-American Highway by AUcia Korten and DiaUs Ehrman aders of the Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Ngobe and Bugle peo- and o•hcr residents believe that the flood was a consequence of unprece· >les living in the Darien G~p dented deforestation in the last two region that borders Colombia and decades by loggers and cattle ranchers who have used the highw:>y to gain access to the regions resources. Pressure to complete the road has L; Panama announced thnt they would o ppose any plan to build the PanAmerican Highw:>y that did not first obtain their approval. The Indigenous Development Bank (lOB) is financing a S 1.5. million environmental impact statement for the construction or the J>an.l\merican Highwa}•S last segment. according to official documentS from the Ministries of Foreign Relations in Panama and Colombia. This financing is significant as the !DB generally funds ( IPAHC), representing over 200,000 increased in reccm months. Broad agreemem at the Summit of the Americas last December to unite the Indigenous peoples in Panama, made this dcclaralion in response to growing Americas imo a free trading zone by the year 2025, gives the highway's constmc- pressure to complete the highways impact s•atemcm. but nuher a general cnvironmcmal diagnosis of the region. lOB representatives have insisted that they would not finance such a environ .. 1nemally and culturally destructive pro.. stated Colombia$ Minister of ject. Yet. according to one well·known Transportation under the Gaviria Panamanian newspaper. Lhe lOB has Pan·J\rnerican Highway Commission Darien Gap link-which international business interests sec :lS critiC31 to fa.cili!ating trade between South and North America. Leaders unanimously agreed to reject construction of the Pan-American Highwa)·. a railroad. or any other project crossing 1heir lands until 1hesc lands have been legalized and demarcated . Indigenous people's fears regarding the environmental assessmems only if it intends to support the actual project. However, according to an I.OB reprcsen· t3tivc. the study is not an environmental tion new urgency. "The Pan·American liighwny is the only unfinished international highw:.y e\'tll though it is the most ilnportant in Lhc world ...all of hlllnanity is awaiting (itS completion)." administration, jorge Bedeck Olivella. Plans to build the road are rapidly moving into g~r. The lnter·American offered to loan funds of $29 million to finance the project. The World Bank is also funding an envitonmental impact highwayS negative impacts were reinfo rced by catastrophic Oooding in Nov. 1994 which destroyed several Kuna communities situated ncar 1he P3n· American Highway, which stretches for roughly 100 miles imo the Darien Province. "The night (the Chucunaque River rose) our children had to swim to stay alh·e. the wmcr came up to the necks of the older people. t\11 our fields and many or our houses were washed away. 1 have never seen such a flood in my lifetime: explained Horacio Lopez Turino, community leader of Wala. He Alicia Kortcn is a staff mcmba of th~ Ccrucr for Popular Legal Assistance. Td: (212) 64$3139 Fax: (212) 242-1901. Olalis Ehrman is the Kuna General CouncilS reprt'srntatl\'t to lhe IPAHC. Vol. 8 No. 4 The Indigenous Panamerican Highway Comission holds meetings to organize communities throughout the Darien 27 �E WVIROWMEWT AWD 0E VElOP MEWT .aotemcnt for the povmg <>I 1he 100 mile toad 1hm already pcnctmtes the Darien. Slalcd Luis Cns!ancda. Oi rector or Plannong at the Mlnlscry ol Public Works in Puna.m.a. P3JTamanum officials State lhot 1hcsc projects are p:~n ol • flv"·ytar n.,uon-wide road·bl!oldmg program. or 1he S406 milhon bud&<ted lor the pro· gmm, the lnler-Amcrican Oe,·elopment IJ.,nk and the World Bank arc providing $220 million in loons. •No highway construCtion can take place In Panama in the next five yeors lhot dO<S not follow IDB guideli=,· staled """ lOB official. Opposation to ex1ensoon o! the high· '''a)' lS also gairung morncnturn. Diverse organi%ations mngong from 1he lntcnlnlional Union for the Constr\'ll· tion of N3turc to the Union or Pnnamaman Umlc R.mchers have writ· · t(n ~luuons oppos1ng the roodS con... strucuon. These groups orgue tho! the m;d would dC"aSUie 1he ;ueas boo!<>gJ· c:.l ond cultural d.versuy ond facililate the spre:td or hoof-and-<~nd mouth disC3SC- into Nonh America. Even in Colombia. the road's mos1 aggressive supponer. the govcmmcm-run Institute for De\'<lopmem and Na1ural Resources (INDARENA). r<commended m O.C.mber of 199'1 hal1ong the proJect due to ats potenual tmrtronmental lmplct. Arch1e Carr. on emtnem biolo· gts1 wi!h 1he New York-based Wildlife ConservaLion SocicL \VUrned "the con· y, struclion o£ a highway ocross the Darien Gap would consliiUIC an ecological en· SIS . If Oancn tS a b•olog~cnl plug. a bar· ner to • biol<>gJcol uphe"'·al thot could offec1 bo1h maJor comments m 1hc regoon. 1hcn '' achoeves gremer conservauon slgnoficance 1han nny other forest." Indigenous peoples. whose homelands and cultural subsistence are at a stoke, condnue to be marginalized from all government dlSCUSSaons. '"\\'e. ha,·e been figh1ing 10 g>m • vot~ m the dill· Iogue, b\11 the gO\.. mmcnl has blocked lndogenous panicipalion: Sla!ed Ed)• DegM%o, 1he Embem-Wounaan General Congresss IPAHC delegate. The govemmen1 hos responded 10 18 i>~Ure £rom the Indigenous org>ni%3· wuh a few Government officials Lion conccssrons. invited an lndogcnous delegate to parucopa1c m 1he February 1994 meeting of 1he Good Nctghbor Commission. 2 bm~uonal body ncgotialing all agreements between Panama and Colombio. but refused to finance 1he •rip. ·~r,1hou1 moniC's to cover expenses. we could not send our dcleg>te: explained Cacique Leopoldo Baporiso. chief of lh< Embera-Wouno:m in 1he OJnen IPAHC deleg;llcs or< now meeting Wllh P:\nomonlon govemmenl Ofndols and mululn~erol bank represcmtlllvcs 10 demand jXlrlicipation in all studies ond dcvelopmenl projects for their homelands. They ore also ~chlng ou1 10 organwulons na1ionally and unemationally who hove expressed <On~m regardtng the hogh""'Y pions wders hope 1hnt 1hrough their con1inued and with Ihe suppon or solidnri· ty org.,nlmtions. they will be able 10 innucnce the destiny or their peoples and 1hc rotn!Orc$ts of the Oanen Gop on whieh they depend. crrons. R esolution of the hldigenous Embem. Wounaon nnd Kuna peoples of Panama at the second nntional meeting to discuss Lhe construction or the 'Pnn·American Highwny on October 7·.8 L994, In the Kuna community or Plndupe, Coman-a Mndungandi. We Resolve: I) To l'e)tct the COnSirucuon of 1he Pan-Amencan Hoghwa)~ a r.ulrood or any Other project through our lands withoUI our consent. 2) To demand the legalizalion nnd demarcnuon o£ the Madungandt, Ngobe· 6ugle and Wnrgandi Comnrcns and that collecuve lond lilies be pro,oded to the Embem and Wounaan in order 10 protect 1he na10ml r<sourccs of our terri Iones. We r.:fuse to accept any pro)cc1 of 1hcse demands have n<>l been met. 3) lo broadcast nauonally .md lmemauoMtly the cxtstence of the lndtgenous Pan·Amencan Highw:>y ComnuSSton... 4) To au1horuc the Commtssoon, tn consullnuon "11h 1he tTadlttonnl aulhor· utes. 10 seek the fund$ necessary to achH:;,•e the ComnussionS obJe(U\'~S at tt national and tmcrnntionnlle\rel. ~) To demand 1hat mullilnteml finandal1nstittulons and 1he na1ionnl govern- ment give po!11C1pollon 10 1he CommoSSIOn 1n nil plans to <OnSirUCI infra· scructure through lnd1genous 1emtoncs and pnmde 1he Commission aa:ess 10 all the mfomuuon ne<:<:ss;ll)' £or ouT Congresses to dwde whether the proJect ts beneficial or nOL. 6) To reucratc our demand for ponicipouon \\11hm 1he Good Neighbor Comm•ssion composed of the governments ol Pnnama and Colombln. 8) lo sohcit supporl for the C.omnussion from Indigenous organizalions Olll· side ol Panama, solidarity groups and non·gov~rnmenlal organiZBI!ons. \Vrlttcn tn the Madungandt <Amafla, Comrnunlly of PINDUP on Ocwb<r i. 199-f. FOT """'infonr.atl<ll1 f4y ~·· Comulon lnd!scna Camtcro I'<Vl·AI!IClf<<~""­ COONAPIP. Apanaclo Postal8720S9, Zona i, P - . Tel (507) 62 16 SS I'<J.X· (507) 62 JS 66. or Htelor llucrt.,, Llgal Ad""'" Conoi,Jon lndtgcno CaN<Icro P<•Mimcricana. Ccnuv dr. A>ISI<ncla Llgal Popular (CEAIJ'). ilponaclo Postal 6·5866. 1:1 Dcradb, Panama. Tel (jOT) 64 6.5 29. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Peoples Unite Against Pan-American Highway Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alicia Korten Dialis Ehrman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Peoples Unite Against Pan-American Highway Item Type Journal Article Author Alicia Korten Dialis Ehrman Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 27-28 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous groups voice opposition to the Pan-American Highway, a proposed infrastructure project that would facilitate trade between between North and South America due to possible environmental destruction and community displacement. Attachment Title Indigenous_peoples_unite_against_pan_american_highway.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Conservation Embera Kuna Ngobe Pan-American Highway Wounaan http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/49b1c128f192c809f5153ff2ae6b0315.pdf 89def9bb01ef68818cb245eae66c430c PDF Text Text 11'4 the mllillU)' who onsist th~t lndoan l•nds 111 the frontier zone thr-e:ucn nntlon:al security and tht: rnnintc:nancc: of Brazthan sovereignty. Tho$ erron by the Senate is one more obstacle to the already slow process of dcm~rcating Indian lands in Bmzil. According to the bill. future denmaotions would "'quorc the appro,'lll or the N•uon:tl Cong=. Addition~! provi.soon.s would require the Prau:itnt 10 consult ''ith th~ govemnttm of tM state in whoch the Indian Area is proposed Th- rules would make the dtn\.1n::lllOn of lndoan lands an)Where extremely diflkuh. 1f not Im pos>tble. BR I E f Indian Lands in US and Canada Targeted tor Nuclear Dumping uclcnr wnste produced throughout the Untted Statts could soon end up in the lands of the Meadow l..1kc Cree 1~escrve in Canada$ Saskatchewan provmce. tr plans under conslder:"tuon b)' tnbal c-ounca1s. nuclt~tr pow.:r compames N and gov~mment agtncits come to frunion. this would be 1hc "·lst• finol >top tn • long chain or nuclelr production and storage houstd on. or adjaeenl to. lndum bnds. The US Dcp>nment of Encr;y ond • potcntlO.I waste r<etpt<nt. Atomic Energy of Canoda LTD. uc consodenng construction or !\ pennanent nuclear wnstc dump on the From CIMI (lndrnn1U M1.$Swtr.a1y Co11rK10. Meadow l.,ke Cree Reserve. The Mcodow Lake Tribal Council hns supponed thts proposal. In their current l!<:onom1c lnttimives Report. the Council tout$ the dump as More of the Same Under Paraguay's an economic boon for the tribes 8.000 members. "Democratic" Government In promoting nuclear waste as the cure for econom1c nd~gCnO<lS peoples in Paraguay h.wc yet tO reap the benefits or dcmocmcy. which was restored m 198<} ~rter more th.•n titre<: tlls. th< Counctl follows in th< foototcps of the Mescalero cl=dcs of mdllllry diCt3lotShtp. Utde N5 ch;lngcd for Paroguays Tnb•l Counctl m New Mextc:o. whtch has olltred the hodlg<nous peoples smcc ~r:ll Allrcdo Su~r$ ovenhrow Mescalero r~r,~uon as 3 temporal)~ nucl.e3r sr:oragc snt m 1989.ln fact. rn>n)•orthecountlj~ lndogenousoommunhles In Feb. 1994. offictals of the Meadow L:tke Cree and the ""'" b«n fighnng mcrea.sed Jlr<SSUn'S to fore< them ollthetr C"..anadHm go,·cmment ,,sittd the Mesca1ero Reservalion. and arc reportedly working on an agreement \ltithin which lands. as wrll as go\'emment m.diiTr.rt:.lll'C to their needs. ' \\'e have tnle to our land. but 11 has been mvaded by more the Mescalero would act as temporal)' holder and broker or than 200 J>e:l.S."\l families. Our forest has been destroyed. our US nuclear waste-which would then be shipped on to Cree wild fnnt trees have been uprooted and tossed asldc without lands Mescalero Tribal Presodent Wendell Chino is cur· puy. the animals in the jungle ha,·c been ko off and we ate rently negotiating wuh thirty·t\VO utilities :md three lled going hungry." sud Nobeno Romero. nn elder m the Mby:l· nucle;ar comp;tmts for stornge of their waste, according to Gu.1rant communlt)t located m Ypa~ ln the S()Uthem depanment n Grccnpc3cc rcpresent3th..,. These pl>rlS may ha..-e been or c.-.-pa Dozens of surular confltru an: bang 0\-erlooked. or fordlalled b)' • tribal pltbtSCttc '" whtch Mcsc:dero mem· pla)ed doun, b)· President Carlos \\'osmosys g<>'-ernmcnt. bel'$ catcgonally rejec<ed propos:~ Is for nuclear '"llSSe stor· In 1Cl93. the lndig.."flous oommunlty m \'patl m.•naged to :tgc. The i'onh 1\mencan Free Tr>dc ,\grccmtnl (NAFTA) have SOlllt of tiS ttmtOij' dematattod :IS an lndtgt:nOUS resel''e has povcd the way for intcrnnuonnl shopptng or nuclear The COitlniUOil)' of Ypau \\':1$ gtven 2.600 hectares of natural wnstc. lrr.1di:tted fuel is a noi'Hnrl(f item wuhan the uadc fOt'dllS nnd swmnps 10 share with two other communities. However. 1hi~ has not put an end to the l:md mvasions which :lsrccmcnt. '""king it economic to ship nuclc:u 'vnste mto beg.1n In 1989. The mOst recent land uw:l$ion In \'pau beg;m this Cnnndf'l. The only requircmenl Is nccess «o temporary and paso Apnl, an official in the Mlni!.ll)' of Agncuhure and pwnnncnt stomge sites. For this. Indigenous l~nds have R.1nchmgs r..rm Credit Office Is reportedly • principal backer or been tnrgctcd, just as the)' h~ve •lways been for nuclear thiS tn\-;~S10n. Thn:e months >ftcr compe.stnos ~n invading te:sung. urnn1um mining and fuel enrichment. Tom Goldtooth of the lndtgcnous En,~ronmemal the Indigenous bnds- the )llS<tce ~hnlSil)' orde"'d politt to disNetwork char:teterizes th1s as ...a plot b)' government and lodge the tn\-.dets. Yet, no xuon l.,s bttn tokm The P.lrngu:ayan g«)\'t.mmcnl'~ pos:atton tn re.1:uion to tndU>tl)' to take ad,'llntagc of lndt3n trmtones: He adds. Indigenous commumties is charactonztd by a double standard. "'They know that wt don"t ha\'t: tnvn'Onmental codes or Parogua)• N5 one or the best l~ws 011 Indigenous rights in L:uin 1nfrnstructures that would protect us from stornge of w;\Ste. Amc!iCI. but pa)'S little aucmlon to ot. Instead. nccording to the Our network and our consutuems have been vchemcntl)' ln<hg<nous rights group ProfessioMI Soclo·Anthropologkal and opposed to 1hc federal stmtcg)' to site nuclear facilities on Legal Services. the government h:IS octunlly tried to p.1ralyze the our lands. It has to be stopped. If our d<•cted trib.1l orfi· dal$-<lnd some of them are puppets of the government-won't progr&.<S of Indigenous oommuniues nnd nllicd NGO~. stop it. our grassroots organizatiOns Will ... lttf~rmtttwn Jwm IAunan-.cnco Pr'ts.S, Uma. Ptru I \-Ill. 8 No. 4 s � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indian Lands in US and Canada Targeted for Nuclear Dumping Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indian Lands in US and Canada Targeted for Nuclear Dumping Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 5 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The US government is negotiating with a Canadian indigenous community to construct a permanent nuclear waste dump on the tribe's preserve. Attachment Title Indian_lands_in_US_and_Canada.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Meadow Lake Cree Reserve NAFTA Nuclear Waste Saskatchewan http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/51a82a542690290c878a3f63a065f5b8.pdf b870b853d55bd4bbe8eb3432f63ace7f PDF Text Text S EL f D ETERMINATI ON AN D TE RR I TORY Guatemala Peace Talks: composed of four M3)':1 Ot'!?nwuons: The t\c3dtmy of M~)'l\ LangU38"S of Guatemala. The Cound l of Moya Are Maya Rights Negotiable? Org,>ntzaltons of Guotemola. The Permanent Moya ~mbly. and The The tortuous dialogue between the Guatemalan Government's Office of Maya Unity ~nd Consonsus. Commission on Peace (COPAZJ and the National Guatemalan The document was first discussed and Revolutionary Union CURNGJ has been marked by exclusion of the approved by members of COPMt\GUt\, Maya community. a standstill on the subject of identity and and then edited ~nd approved by the Indigenous rights. sinking credibility of the parties involved, and eleven groups of the t\ SC. Fmally, the most recently, an ultimatum From the United Nations. document was prescmed to the repre· scntauvcs of the COI't\Z and the URNG by Estuardo Zapeta who lgt'\Oted it . A dny before the concluston of 1994 , the year tn whtc.h the Guotemalan go•·emmem had c.ommnttd luelf to stg~ung o p<ace agrttment. Gu.tcmol;ts n3llOrW d3ily pap<r Stglo Vttnrluno earned the front P"8" hc3dllnt, ' UN issutS on uhimotum to the Government and URNG" (Fnday. December 30. 1994). And an ultima· tum wns prcdScly whot the stalled p<ace proctsS seemed to need. The problems that provoked the Guatemalan civil wor-widespread illit· cracy. extreme poverty, m~l nu lri tion, Infant mortality, unequal access to fertile soli-remain unchanged :oftcr 34 years of conRict th>l hns ktllcd more people. destroy.:d more communities, dispbced mon: Guatemabns. and produced more widows :md orphans than the very proble~ th.tt $13rted tl. Conserv:ui,·e cstlmotes count over 100.000 dead, 35.000 disapp<ar<d. 22,000 widows, •nd 150,000 displaced people and refugees: the number of orphans h3s nc,-er been counted. Those most affect· cd by the SOC1altlls of a country characterized by lnjusucc and colonialism ore the s:~me ones who have suffered 95% of the ,;ctlms caused by the civil war: the Moya. Thllt Is why the open exclusion of any Mar:m represcnuui\'es in the discusSion of •tdcnmy ond rights of the Moyan commumty• has TC$Uhtd in criticism of fsluardo Z..ptta IS Maya-Caqchilju<l ar.d ""tit$ "''h lite untro dt fslwlro< dt 141 Culluta Ma)'a (CECMA) <{ Gtl<ltar.ala. the peace process ttsclf. The two groups pamcipaung 111 the d~nlogue. the gov· ernment and the URNG. 3re lyptcally lodmo (of European or miXed descent). urb:ln. and above all, exdus•onary. Gu.tcmab. on the other hand, IS pri· maflly ruml, muhtcuhur.tl and the m>JOnty (65") Is Mny>. Consequently. the "dtologue for p<ace· ts seen as • '"monologue· bctwc:c:n 1wo nnnorities who bas1cnlly m:tmuun the S.."\me coloni~l discou~. The negotl:nlon of Identity and Indigenous rights, on which the parties remam st.tllcd. Is being C'311ed Into question. Is May• ldemlty an element of the negouatlons? Are Maya nghts negotioble? Ycs. nppamntly so. smce this Item appears on the agenda, n appeors that the Government and the URNG behe'" th31 they are. Paradoxically, when the Moy> communi!)' petitioned 10 mclude their n:prcscnunlvcs in the "d••logue: the Go'..:mmcnt and the URNG I'Cspondcd wuh a resounding NO. h apJ>e.1rs thnt In Guatemala. after 500 yc.1rs, htstory repeats itself: two minorities nrc rnoklng decisions for the May> 1113JOrlty. The paper on Identity and lndigneous rights produced by the A.<scmbly of Ctvlc Groups (;\SC) and presented as • :<Ohd propos.1l in opposi· uon to the pantes involved In the "dia· Iogue• •Y:~S •gnorcd The ASC is an associatton of cle•-cn <Me groups. One of thes«: the M~ya coaliuon. Coordmoung O'l)>n•z.•uon of the Mayan lS Communuy (COPMAGUA). whkh is t\nother nern o( ncgon~uon m which the panics cannot 3grte as the mnf'ica· uon of the Covenant 169 of the lntemauonal Labor 0t'!?mzalton. ·on lndtgenous Communnte.s and Tnbal Groups mlndependent Coumnes.· The Guatemalan govemmem argues that Co\'tn3nt 169 tS unconstltuuonol; the URNG. for ns pan, ne•·er came out In fa,·or of ratifying the Co•·enam umil l~te in 1994. when the Co,·cnant was included as an item in the peace negoti· allons. Due to both p.1rtlcs' falling cred· ibility, the URNG~ support for Covenant 169 seemed u poorly timed polttlcal str.negy. All of thiS provoked n lcuer of ulti· matum from the Secretary General of the Unitrd Notions. 8outros 8outros Ghali, add~d 10 the Prestdent of Guatemab. dated Dcccmber 21. 1994. =ting the followmg. · t •m concerntd at the lack of progress m the p<acc ncgotialtol\S dunng the second p.1rt of 1994. As you know, the lat<'Sl round of discus· sions that beg.1n on October 20 has not resulted tn the hoped for agreement on 'Rights nnd Identity of the Indigenous Community.' This Is another delay after the suspension of discussion for four months due to the position adopted by the URNG between July and October" (Fret PrtSS. Dcctmber 30. 1994, p.2). Bectuse of the rejection of the ASC docu.mm. ond due to the fact that nc1· ther party could produce an ohcmativt proposal. the United Nations tnltiWntd by pre..,nung a draft proposol on Indigenous RightS ond nammg a moder· continued on pg. 37 26 Abya Yala News �CONT I N U ED Biodiversity, Community Integrity and the Second Colonialist Wave Guatemala Peace Talks < Continued from pg.12) <Continued from pg.26) mighr be desirable. bm rhe prime desire f<>r Indigenous peoples was an IPR regime that suppons their righl to s.1y '"NOM to privatization and commercial· iu uion. Indigenous delcgares mcering in Rio de Janeiro released rhe Kari·O.:a Dttlamrion and ln<lig<nous Peoples' Earrh Charter. Clause 95 Slates d>at "Indigenous wisdom musr be reoognized and cnoour· aged." but warns in Clause 99 thar "Usurping of traditional medicines and knowledge from Indigenous peoples should be considered a crime against peoples." Clause I 02 of rhe Kari·<Xa to discuss rhc evolving IPR debate. During the 1993 UN Year for the Worlds Indigenous Peoples. intellectual and cultural property righiS were on the agenda of ne.1rly every major Indigenous encounter. One of the most lacking areas of IPR research is that or non·western IPR regimes. Up to now. the debate has centered around UN and \Vestem concepts of intellectual and genetic property. But whar abom the property rxgimcs of Indigenous peoples themselves? A syn· thesis and :\nalysis of non-Western S)'$tems would be very helpful in finding cre:uive solutions to IPR protection. Declaration is e.xplicit about indigenous peoples' concern on IPR issues: As creators & carriers of civllizar!ons Conclusion \\·hich have given & conlirwc ro sJwrt It is fundamental that IPR/TRR lmowltdgc, experience & values with should nor be used simp!)• 10 reduce tra· humanity, we n::quht that our rig'u to intc:l· ditional knowledge into Western legal · kcttwl & cultural t>roperties be guarameed and conccprual frameworks: Indigenous & that the mechanism for racl1 implemrn· legal systems and conccprs of property ration l>t in favor of our p<oplrs & srudied righiS should guide the debate. The role in depth & imt'ltmcnU<L This respect must of scicmists, scholars and law)'ers lndude the right over gttiClit raourtt."S, should be to provide informarion and gtlle banks. biorechrwlogy & knowledge of ideas; it will be Indigenous and rradibiodivCI">ily programs. rional peoples rhemsclves who will. in Since the Earth Summir. dozens of man>' different ways. define Tradhionll conferences, seminars and workshops Resource Righrs rhrough practice and ha,·e been held by Indigenous peoples experimentation. VOi:SNo. 4 ator to work with both panies. On January 4. 1995. Siglo Veinliuno reponed that President Ramiro de Leon plans to sign a peace agreement on Februar>' 24. The more direct intervention of rhe UN Secretar)' General appe~rs to be producing results. but it remains to be seen. It is interesting to note that neither Lhe Government nor the URNG has clearl>' presented its respective posilion to the Maya community or to the Guatemalan populace. Each of the tWO seem to have used the Maya comnnmily as a pretext to drag out the process toward a peace that didn'l sui! either one. In times of peace. you cannot justif)' the e.xistence of a repressive military. nor of a radical guerrilla movcmenl. That is why we must contin\IC to rcasscn the final words of Se<:rctary General Ghali : "The participants in the Guatemalan pe-ace process must. renew their commiuncut to a dynamic negota· tion that provides clear direcuon towards a quick and just resolution lO the conflict." Along wirh Mr. Ghali. the Maya. the principal-and numerous-vic· tims of this conflict, request ..a jltSt resolution" for themselves, for their children and for Guatemala. 37 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guatemala Peace Talks: Are Maya Rights Negotiable? Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Estuardo Zapeta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Guatemala Peace Talks: Are Maya Rights Negotiable? Item Type Journal Article Author Estuardo Zapeta Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 26 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Dialogue between the Guatemalan Government's Commission on Peace and the National Guatemalan Revolutionary Union has lacked input from representatives from the Mayan community. Disappointed with the lack of progress in the negotiations, the UN issued an ultimatum to both parties. Attachment Title Guatemala_peace_talks.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Guatemala Guatemalan Government's Commission on Peace (COPAZ) Maya National Guatemalan Revolutionary Union (URNG) United Nations http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/68b1cbccc6c44ced106b959f97b60640.pdf 28432a89ade07190c2e0a9bb406311ee PDF Text Text PERSPECTIVES ON BIODIVERSITY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY "Development" Crop Diversity and Indigenous People in the Andes Indigenous farmers show over 3;000 varieties of seeds at a regional Hseed fair" in the Andes. by Tirso Gonzales T he northern countries have recently become concerned with losses in biodiversit)'· Among other things. this has included concern for the loss of native crop seed diversity. private industry in the North, if not for the fam1ers and Indigenous people of the ' Third World: Presently, Northern and Southern governments. U':lnsnational corpora· The main causes of this loss a.re external tions. and international developrnent to Indigenous populations, who have always considered the seeds of native plants part of their survi""l strategy and diet. These plants. which are described by scholars in the North as "under· exploited tropical plants with p romising economic value" or the "lost crops of the Incas," have through the growth of biotechnology industries been com·en· ed into a promising source of profi1s for and llnancial agencies link biodiversity in an almost natural way to biotechnol· ogy. and ignore the Indigenous peoples who inhabit the majority of the planet's regions richest in biodiversity. This absence of real interest in lndigenous peoples is consistent with the dominant practices of "'development"' and as well as lhose of conservation. Development Institutions and the Loss of Biodiversity n~ Gonz_alt'$ is completing a dL~I'lalion on Indigenous Knowledge and Biadh'trsuy in IIJ< Unfortunately, t11e Global Str:uegy Puuvfan Andes and Mc.xic.o bt the department for Biodiversity (G$8), one of the most of Rural Sociology at rhc Unh'usily of inOucmial recem policy frameworks Wisconsin . relating 10 conservation or biological Vol. 8 No.4 diversity. continues within the s..··nne modemizmionist vein. The GS6 \vas prepared by the World Resources lnstitme. the World Conservation Union. and the UN Environment Program in const~tation with the UN Food and AgricultUre O rganization. and included the work of more than 500 individuals O\'tr three years. It was designed for adoption by scientists, politicians. and governmental and nongovernmental organizations in both lhe Nonh and South. After three years of debate. only four of its 85 actions emphasize the role of Indigenous com· munities a.nd campcsinos in the protec· 11on of biodiversity. Many international agricultural insti· tutions also continue in the same mod· cmizationist tendency. T examples wo with panicular impact on Indigenous agriculture are the International Centers 21 �f'ERSPECTIV~S ON B IODIVERSI TY AND I NTELLECTUAL PROPERTY for Corn and \\'heat in Mexico. and the Jntcmalional Center for PotalO Research in Pen1. The so-called Green Re\•olution , associated with 18 such nuemational centers of agricltltural research and The culture or each and every one or these peoples -that is, the way they know things, their modes of being. and their modes or understanding the world MOUI'Id them-is shown in their rehuion backed by imemational de,·elopmem and Onance organizations like the \Vorld to crops. plants and other li'ong beings. Bank, the IMF and US AID. promoted a fom1 of agriculture very different from that of Indigenous campcsinos. The "'re\'Oiution" W;)S designed to use high inputs or chemicals and heavy machin· ery. and offers little of substance to Indigenous farn>ers. To the contrary, it An Alternative Project For the last two years, the Asociacion Bartolome Aripaylla (ABA), one of more than 20 groups associated with the Lima-based NGO Andean Project for Campesino Technologies (PRATEC). has btcn working to revive traditional has tried to transfonn them into modem Andean techniques and crops in the ramters. dependent not only on seeds Quechua comm\mity of Quispillacta, but also knowledge, tools. money and A)r acucho. The community's territory food. The. green revolution is a principal includes over 20.000 hectares of which cause of the loss of cultural and biologi- less than five percent have been brought cal diversity in the countryside. under cultivation . Uke man}' Andean Chemicals used in the "revolution.. ha\'e communities. Quispillacta is organized also COntributed tO contamination or air, at three levels: the Ayllu. the neighborwater. soils :.tnd living things in general. hood. and the community. Nuclear fam· ilies are brought together in the Ayllu Diversity in the Andes and strengthened through collective The Andes form a mountain chain work and ritual fiestas. The ABA is made that crosses territorie-s no\v known as up of community member$ who left to Colombi~. Ecu~dor, Peru and Bolivia. study in the city and fonncd an NGO The great diversity of Andean cultures there. This has converted them, as they developed close connections wilh the thetnselves recognize. into "'visitors" in eanh, the Pachamama. and the rest or the community. They had stopped fannthe living beings such as hills, water. ing their own plots for over thin.een animals. sun and moon. This regionS years, and depended on the city. After extraordinary abundance of crops. med- rcnecting on this problem . the members icinal plams. rnait lrees. animals and of the ABA decided to return to the commicro-organisms has eamed it designa- munity. "Correcting our errors. we tried tion as a. global ..meg:Hiiversi\y'"' center. to intensify our actions of strengthening As several scholars have noted. this the community. \Ve formed another diversity in itself is not so notable as the group in the communhy. grew plants manner in which it has occurred. The and worked in the fields like the other questions are: Why is there such high members of the Ayllus, and became pan biological diversity in the Andes? Who of the agricultural cycle of the commucreates. reproduces and cares for biodi· nity.'" vcrshy? How is 1his done? \Vhy is it The ABA works in the collection and done? inventory of local and regional seeds. The answer to these questions is communal and group planting. found in the imernction between the exchange of experiences. infonnation Quechuas, Aymams. Jibaros. :1nd seeds, and Andean pra.ctices for Chichimccas, Chinantecos. Chontal. exchanging and maimaining seeds. Aushiri, Quichua. Shuar. liuitotos. Aher these two years of work and Chichas, dozens of other Indigenous Sludy of genetic conscnrntion and ero· peoples. and the namral environment. sion. the enormO\lS differences between 22 the western and the Indigenous vision have become C\•idem. They have denominated these as "'the culture or hybrid seeds"' and the "culture of native seeds.· ABA held "Seed Fairs" in 1991 and 1993. These fairs have 1>rovided incen- tives to cullivate tlative seeds of many varieties, in comra.c;t to agricultur7tl fairs organized by the Ministry of Agriculture which promote "improved seeds: Among the objectives of the II Exposition of Andean Seeds were: to show the potential of native seeds that are raised in Quipillacta, to e..xchange seeds and knowledge. to demonstr.ue the role of subsistence fanners and increase phytogenctic variety, to promote and amplify the growth or diverse Andean seeds. and to show the. nutri· tiona! richness and the diversit)' of dish- es that can be made from Andean crops. Nearly half of the area's t\yllus partic- ipated in the second seed fair, presen,ing over 3.000 samples of twelve Andean crops. When crop diversity wns charted by region. it became evident that the greatest crop diversity was found in the Rio Papas watershed-especially in the areas of Pirhuamarca and Llaqtahuaran-whcre the development institutions have the least presence. This confinns-according to ABA-that crop diversity is greatly affected by projects that promote seed improvcmem. since they carry with them an established technological packet which tends tO dis- place the t'lative ecotypes and knowledge. Cases such as th" of the Asociacion Bartolome ;lripaylla sug,~est that the con- servation of seed diversity depends more than any~.hing on the conservation and strengthening of Andean cultures. Tnoe development in the Andes will never come. in the form of modernization. par· ticularly when this means--.s often stated in the past-the replacing of everything lndiar• with - modern," 'Western tech ~ niques. Rather, Indigenous agriculture will pia}' a critical role in any authentic process of Andean development. Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Development" Crop Diversity and Indigenous People in the Andes Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tirso Gonzales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title "Development" Crop Diversity and Indigenous People in the Andes Item Type Journal Article Author Tirso Gonzales Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 21-22 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note There is emerging global concern for the loss of native crop seed diversity. Unfortunately, current efforts by prominent international organizations like the UN and World Bank ignore the role of Indigenous communities and campesinos in the protection of biodiversity. Attachment Title Development_crop_diversity.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Andes Asociacion Bartolome Aripaylla Biodiversity Conservationism Global Strategy for Biodiversity (GSB) http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/5a7c5463c9bd73f4605bf0d39ccec6d7.pdf af1392e16242952dd21b0491dc9beb8d PDF Text Text HUMAN --- - R IGHTS At on• a.m on Dtc. S. 3 group of from prosecuuoll) 111 Septtmber b)' masked. anned men forced thctr way Federal Justlet Avchna Mor:1les into Gernrdo Estrada~ house and Guzman of the thtrd distnct, forcibly abduct<d hom. Despnc all Ch1huohun. despite sixty-three out· ouempts to locate hom, his whereabouts Slnndmg fedeml and state indiCtments. remam unknown. Ills ~dls..'lppearnnce.. Documents obt:uned fro1n che auorney has been denounced tO the National : gcncrnl~ office and former National Human Rights OrnsbudsmnnS office lndigemst3 lnsmute employees indicate and to the Jn1Cr1or MllllSitr, and a writ that no less than thtrty SC\'en people or hnbtas corpus \W$ presented on hiS ha-"' been killed by Fontes' :ISSOCi:ltes behalf Gerardo Estrada IS a member of the O\'Cr the past three years. goverrung commlllCC Of the JndtgtnOUS Authontits of Colombl3 mo-·emem. and For """' lliformar""'- ( OfttCI(t· Randall Gir.gndl, ~<S< GIIGtdWil<, .)l<n'CI M<r<IJ< had n:eently been elected to the depanl'>ogram Dtr<aor ttl/FAX· (602}-.J26-2.511. mcm's mun10pal assembly In common \\1lh other lndtan c:ommumues.. the arnnl· ..U...."""g' op<.Otg lnd1ans 111 the rn.to regton >rt work1ng Nicaragua: Recontras 10 reco'·er th<tr trnduoonallands In the process, they ha"c come mto conflict Massacre Miskitu s t lci\St 20 Miskuu lnd1ans were ""th local landowners who. ""'h the kolled In Nov. when I00 recomru cooperation of military and p.1rnnnlilnry auacked the villages of Nucv:t Espcranza fon:;ts, have conumtted human ngl11s and Kant:tW$ 1n the area of S3n Andres violations again>t them. In Mny. the de Bocay. The O 'CCOntms mny be part or body of regional Indigenous leader, a group that broke awn)' from the Freme Laureano ln~mpue was found two dn)"S None 3-80. the l.bt recontm group to o.fier hos ,tbducuon by men who stated dls;tnn. that they wen: scm by the local military Anny Capt Milton S.1ndoval sa1d the commander recontms were mOSt hktl)' loolang for boots or food Sond0\'31 s:t1d se-·eral l'ltasc w-.41<11<'> .,.Jaxts .-.pl<>SI"S con.ccm hundred ann)' troops had been jo.-IN "'frtyojlr.d~ kod<rwrardD depiO)..,d. but could not reach the 31'<.0 &trodo ar.d "'8'"S ''"" <tfl po<stblc mcasurn beduse of l~ck or roods and heavy rains. be token to'""'"' IN It•<> of lttdlgtrt<JUS kadm In 1~ conrcxr of rtunr hi/lin~. 10: From: \\~tkly Net<'$ Up<lare on'"' Amaic.._ Senor Pn$ldtntt .Er'llt$1<1 S<Jmpu ""':ano, P":sldcntc de Ia Rtpubll<u. Palacio dt f'.'arlM. Colombia: Indigenous Leader Sanrofc de Bogota. Coloml>l<t. Fa.v: Oil 57 I 286 N311287 7939. Disappeared A rmed men abducted Indigenous .ll.Jeadcr Gemrdo Estrada from his Wuh <opla 1o: home 111 the 1\lquems municip.1lity Amh<l:lsad<>r Gabrltl Slh'd, Embcwy of Narino department on O.:c. :;_ His Colombia. 21181.£roy 1'1 NIV, 1\'cl,hlngrc>ll. whereabou<> ""' not known and there is DC 2000'1. and QNEP. M 2$916. Bogool. serious concern for h1s safety, <Speciall>• Co/Dmb!a. as lnd1genous leaders obducttd under similar on:umSt2ned: h,a,•c o£t.en bet:n an mddin1le ·:-unp.1ro· (c)r tmmunit)' Mexico: Sierra Madre Appeal he Consejo Asesor Slerm Madre (CASMAC) nnd Indigenous communiues throughout the Chihuahua T Mount~ms h:wc requested urgenl inte r- nauonal suppon to their demands for pc11CC and ;u.tlc.: 111 muluple assossinations •nd Other brut~l abuses of lndogcnOU5 Tornhum;trn, TeJXhuan. and tnv1ronmencal leaders in nonhem Mvnco\ Sterm Madr<. mountoon range_ In 2 kuer to Mtxtcan President EmrStO Zedtllo. CASMAC descnbes onc~d violenct 3g;>oi\SI Indigenous leaders ond env1ronmenU1hstS in the Slerm Madr<. of Chohunhua. Drug trafOckors working with local caciques (poliucal bo.~) nrc reponrdly responsible for many ossassinalions. beatings and other actS of violence Stme authorities have reportedly refused to investigate the maJOrity of these c~ and f«ieral mvesugouon~ have been hindered by dl\'trston of resources tO Other prio.rIU<S and by corrupuon in the judicial S)'S<cm Aecordmg to the feder.>l attorney scneml. one of the most ''IOiem CXI<JUCS. Anem1o Fontes. was granted 34 A lallcd. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia: Indigenous Leader Disappeared Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Columbia: Indigenous Leader Disappeared Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 34 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note A group of armed men abducted one of Columbia's key indigenous leaders who helped to lead efforts to recover traditional indigenous lands in the Pasto region. Attachment Title Columbia_indigenous_leader_disappeared.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Gerardo Estrada Indigenous Authorities of Columbia land rights Pasto http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/cfb786cadb866a1e3b2a9b2187e47dc1.pdf af83d7af2adce2784107bce0c5479828 PDF Text Text ORGANIZATION - - --=- Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded lndigenous organizations. Panicipants di.scussecl1he struggle for autonomy and self.detcnnination. how to create mech· anisms to assure respect for Indigenous he Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their rights. and how to strengthen access to decision·making on Em·lronment opened an ofric:e in government T Washington DC in Nov. 1994 to Indigenous rights. The intent of the con· impro,·e communication and coordina· ference was to develop clear definitions of autonomy and self·detemlination. tion among US-based NGOs working with Amazonian peoples. The Coalition was born from an alliance between Indigenous peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals concerned with the fu ture of the Amazon and its peo· pies. Coalition Members suppon Indigenous territorial rights and sustain~ nblc development ahemath·es. and share the belief that people are an integral pan or the ecosystem. The Coalition will hold an annu.~l Fomm !or NGOs to meet, receive guidance !rom Indigenous leaders of the Amazon. discuss current issues, and develop politic~l action su·atcgies. Topics at next years !omm (May I O-l2 1995 in Washington. DC) will include: Free trade and De\'elopmem, Intellectual Property Rights. the Timber Industry. At present the Coalition has three working groups: U.S. Policy and Hl.lntan Rights. Defense of Territories. and Financial Resources. It is helping to coordinate a number of cmnpaigns such as the Ecuador oil campaign. In an e!fon to promote communications among interested organizations. the Coalition: distributes a monthly Am~ort Update with news from Co..1lition members. F()r mor~ inj()rm,uion, p/(6$(. ccncac1: CoalitiOIJ Coordinmo,. Melina Sel\'Cl:Ston. 1$1/ I< St. N\V Suit< 10+1, 1\~ irtgton . DC 2()()()$. Te/;(202) 637-97 I8.jax;(202)63i· 9719. emaiJ: am«Z:om:ool@fgc.apc.oJi. Self-determination Seminar in Mexico T he Second Seminar on Sclf-determi· nation in Mexico held on Jan. 20·21 was organized b)1 the Colegio de Mexico under the direction of Rudol!o Stavenhagen and hosted by Oax.1can Vol. a No.4 American Indian Satellite Network Makes History or the first time. Native.owned and F public radio stations across the country have access to regular program· ming for and about Natjvc Americans. thanks to the new t\IROS (American Indian Radio on Satellite) network. Since Oct. 31. tl1is history-making ser· ,;ce has offered a daily one-hour feed or dramas. documentaries. litcrmure, self. help programs and heritage pieces, all related to Native Americans. The AIROS network, initially funded b)• the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, is developing and establishing what will eventually be a 2+ hour distribmion system of radio pro~ grnmming by, for and about Native Americans. The AIROS feed includes a storyudling series, interviews with various Native American personalities. historical specials and a multi-pan series on breaking the C)'cle of child abuse. as well as a ' 'ariety of other specials and series. Nalivt America Calli11g will premiere at the end of February as a daily. hour-long. live call-in talk show focus· AND COMMUNICAT I ON most of whom operate on inadequate funds; says Susan Braine, AI~OS Manager. "We're working closely with the tribal stations to detem1ine program~ ming needs and to address those needs through tl1e radio programs that AIROS is able to acquire. Our goal is to encour· age and facilitate their own production of these programs. This is their network. It will be as successful and relcvnm as they. the stations, collectively make it: Braine said. AIROS also has plans to acquire ponable uplinks in order to broadcast conferences. po'"'vows. and oLhcr cui· tur:d events from reservations. This would allow tribes to share limited resources while learning from each other. For more information on the t\IROS schedule. contaCt your local public or Native.owned rndio station. Stations interested in becoming affiliated with AIROS should contact Susan Braine at 402-472·0484. Internet for Native Peoples Conference ndigenous activists !rom throughout California gathered at U.C. llerkelcy on Nov. l9 to learn new techniques and I discuss the opportunities for network· ing and alliance building on the in!or· tnation highway. Marc Uecker led a workshop using the Mosaic program to explore the Internet. This prompted both ideas and concerns about using the lmernet as a tool for funhering the causes of Indigenous peoples world wide. 01scussion that followed pointed to the ing on currem issues a.nd topics affecting demand for a larger and more in·depth conference in the future. Man)' who Native Americans. attended questtoned the use of this tech· nology !or people living on resen'l!tions and other third-world conditions who radio is the sole telecommunicmiot\S might not ll.we access to telephone lines service. AIROS directors see the net- or even electricity. work as a first-step towM<I an ambitious Ifyou have acc:t:SS lo a computer and modem. goal: building and linking stations on you mighc be inten-..ste(l in the following liscs the 250 Indian reservations in the rdatcd to Indigenous issues: Indigenous United States. greatest challenge is Knowlt:dg(. NaJive Netin obtaining Native comcm programs. Jisturv@('OP'ndl.tdu, Chiclt;, ~·fujcr 1.. ·liSt· particularly from the Native stations, proc@lmrinet.gsc.ucsb.cd!f, Rata Net. t\IROSlinks most of the 25tribal sla· tions located in Native communities in 10 states, many on reservations where ·our 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 35 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment, made up of US-based NGOs in Washington, D.C. is established. Attachment Title Coalition_in_support_of_indigenous_peoples.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Amazon Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Human Rights Reservations Washington D.C.