<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/items/browse?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=1&amp;sort_field=added" accessDate="2026-04-06T04:12:37-07:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>12</perPage>
      <totalResults>1190</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="1412" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="614">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/2f019cc6ff8a721fd49ce7ea96ec7a71.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8bffb146e0c1237f396b8227a3d804fb</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29948">
                    <text>News from SAIIC&#13;
This has been a very busy Spring as SAIIC has enjoyed visits from many Indigenous people from South and Meso America. Many of these visitors were here for the Abya Yala Fund&#13;
board meeting the beginning of May (see story page 37).&#13;
Aucan Huilcaman, a Mapuche leader from southern Chile, toured the United States in May to denounce efforts to extend NAFTA to Chile and the negative impact it has on Indigenous peoples there. He gave several presentations and a press conference while he was in the Bay Area.&#13;
Jose Maria Cabascango, Quichua from Ecuador and coordinator of Territory and Policy at&#13;
CONAIE, spent several days with us in June on his way back to Ecuador from the International Indian Treaty Council (IITC) meeting in Alaska. We conducted an interview with Jose Maria about his experiences with the Indigenous movement in Ecuador which we will print in the next issue of Abya Yala News.&#13;
Nilo Cayuqueo, who has been coordinator, director, and cofounder of SAIIC for 12 years, will&#13;
tum the directorship of SAIIC to Amalia Dixon, a Miskitu from Nicaragua. Nilo will spend more of&#13;
his time working with Abya Yala Fund, but also will remain as active board member of SAIIC while helping Amalia in the transition. Also, Nilo has been awarded a Vanguard Foundation Sabbatical Fellowship.&#13;
The sabbatical will allow Nilo to take two months of vacation. He is planning to go to the south to visit Indian communities. Congratulations.&#13;
Amalia Dixon, who has long term experience with Indigenous organizations and the autonomy&#13;
process on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua, has been chosen as the new director of SAIIC. We are arranging her visa so she can work in the Oakland office. She recently attended the IITC meeting in Alaska where she made many friendships and learned much about the situation of Indigenous peoples in North America. (She will continue in SAIIC the work Nilo has been&#13;
doing for many years.) Welcome, Amalia.&#13;
SAIIC board member Carlos Maibeth has been actively involved in a project to help electricity to the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua through the use of solar panels. A recent fundraising in Berkeley, California, raised funds for this project.&#13;
Joe Bryan is working in the SAIIC office for a month this summer as an Intern. Joe is a&#13;
Community Studies and Latin American and Latino Studies major at the University of&#13;
California, Santa Cruz. Part of this major entails a six-month internship with a social change organization. After his time with us, Joe plans to continue his internship in the Ecuadorian Amazon at the AMAZANGA institute.&#13;
SAIIC is also pleased to announce that Gilles Combrisson has joined us as our new Journal&#13;
Coordinator. Gilles has just finished his degree in Latin American and Iberian Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He worked for six months last year with the Shuar Federation in the Ecuadorian Amazon.&#13;
SAIIC continues to seek to broaden the base of subscribers to Abya Yala News. Please help us by asking your friends to subscribe. In addition, we urge you to clip the Library Recommendation Form below and submit it to your local public or university library. This is a highly effective manner of spreading Indigenous perspectives more widely.&#13;
</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22635">
                <text>News From SAIIC...</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22636">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22637">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22638">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46431">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22639">
                <text>News From SAIIC...</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22640">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22641">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22642">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22643">
                <text>39</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22644">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22645">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22646">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22647">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22648">
                <text>Members of SAIIC and visitors meet at the Abya Yala Fund board meeting.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22649">
                <text>News_from_SAICC.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22650">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="495">
        <name>Bryan  Joe</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Cabascango  José María</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="492">
        <name>Cobrisson  Gilles</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="260">
        <name>Dixon  Amalia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="359">
        <name>Huilcaman  Aucán</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="494">
        <name>Maibeth  Carlos</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Mapuche</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="493">
        <name>Nilo Cayuqueo</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1413" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="613">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/8627462995f0dfc00ca360d0bca4010b.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5ecd4dab62dab270dee4844ad322a119</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29947">
                    <text>Amazon Forum II&#13;
&#13;
The future of the Amazon depends on its Indigenous peoples and the state of their environment. The Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their Environment held its second international forum in Washington, DC, at the Smithsonian’s Museum American History on May 10-12.&#13;
The meeting brought together North American non-governmental organizations with representatives from the Amazon Basin to coordinate long-term efforts on behalf of Indigenous and forest-dependent peoples. Secretary-General of the Organization of American States, Cesar Gaviria, and Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs at the US. Department of the Interior, Ada Deer; gave keynote addresses at a reception welcoming participants in the evening of May 9th.&#13;
&#13;
For more information on the Amazon Forum, contact: Melina Selverston, Amazon Coalition, 1511 K. Street, NW, # 1044, Washington, DC 20005, Tel: (202) 637- 9718,&#13;
&#13;
Fax: (202) 637-9719, e-mail: amazoncoal@igc.apc.org.&#13;
&#13;
State Frontiers and Indian Nations&#13;
Continued from Page 7&#13;
&#13;
bar (page 7) for extracts from the declaration to guarantee the integrity and respect&#13;
for Indigenous peoples.&#13;
With all of these declarations, Indigenous leaders reiterate the importance that Indigenous participation should have in peace talks. They rightly point out that a meaningful and lasting peace will not be reached as long as the Indigenous peoples who live in the disputed territories continue to be ignored. Still, the governments of Ecuador and Peru are not listening. The government of Peru, for example, has proposed a plan to strengthen its borders by giving away Indigenous land to colonizers from different areas of the country.&#13;
But peace will not come through the further colonization of Indigenous people. On the contrary, peace will only be achieved when Indigenous land is rightly and justly protected, and the Indigenous way of life secured. A joint declaration from AIDESEP&#13;
and CONFENIAE states:&#13;
"Nowadays, it is in vogue to speak of integration. However; we have lived for thousands of years in peaceful communion with our Indigenous neighbors on both sides of the border. Furthermore, borders that the white people created have divided communities like the Shuar, Quichua and Cofan. But we continue to feel as though we were part of one Indian continental nation: the ancient Abya Yala ." &#13;
&#13;
Additional declarations and information from Indigenous organizations on this border conflict are in SAlIC's PeaceNet conference saiic.indio as well as on the Internet at:&#13;
http://ulwnaix.cc.ulwns.edu/-marc / geography / latinam/ecuador/ border_mnain.html.&#13;
&#13;
Chile, Upper Biobio&#13;
Continued from page 27&#13;
&#13;
However, because of a lack of resources and interest, this law is not always enforced and large companies such as ENDESA can circumvent the law by, for example,&#13;
buying land and building houses in other areas, trying to persuade native communities to "sell."&#13;
The purpose of the Environmental Bases Law (No.19,300) is " to regulate all activities&#13;
that in one way or another affect the environment." However, because the law still lacks specific and definitive legislative language, it is easy for large corporations to act in defiance of the spirit such laws.&#13;
As of now, it is apparent that the CNE will recommend the construction of the Ralco power plant without objectively re-evaluating its inevitable effects. In December&#13;
1994, the CNE recommended the construction of the plant's gas pipelines. Ralco already has utilization rights on the Biobio River's non-drinkable water, the provisional electrical concession, and engineering studies in their final stages of completion.&#13;
Even though the CNE did not include the Ralco power plant in its latest plan of works, the government is·about to consent to its construction. If the government does give ENDESA the permission to build Ralco, it will close the possibility for a real environmental evaluation to be conducted. Ralco, like Pangue, will become an example of how the Chilean government allows big corporations to undertake socially and environmentally risky ventures despite the existence of laws that prohibit such&#13;
projects. A similar multi-dam project during the 1970s, Antuco County on the Laja River, did not make good on its promise . Antuco is today one of poorest counties of Chile.&#13;
Public outcry has been massive.&#13;
Different environmental organizations like GABB (Action Group in Defense of the Biobio), Indigenous rights groups, student activists and other outraged citizens have joined forces to stop the construction of Ralco. In a public declaration, GABB called for a complete halt to any other project along the Biobio River, the enforcement of the Environmental and Indigenous Laws, respect for the Pehuenche communities, their land and culture, and the creation of an effective energy policy that would prioritize the social and ecological sustainability of the country. &#13;
</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22653">
                <text>Amazon Forum II</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22654">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22655">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22656">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46432">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22657">
                <text>Amazon Forum II</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22658">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22659">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22660">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22661">
                <text>38</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22662">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22663">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22664">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22665">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22666">
                <text>The Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their Environment met to discuss long-term efforts to support Indigenous and forest-dependent peoples.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22667">
                <text>Amazon_Forum_II.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22668">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>Amazon</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="496">
        <name>Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their Environment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="497">
        <name>Gaviria  Cesar</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1414" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="612">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/a8ff03c2bd7ff43c623890556aefdfbe.pdf</src>
        <authentication>471e66c57838a0321af475ed450153c1</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29946">
                    <text>Filling The Gap With Abya Yala Fund&#13;
&#13;
The first foundation in the Western Hemisphere run by and for Indigenous People of South and Meso America.&#13;
&#13;
Indigenous representatives from Mexico, South America, Central America and North America&#13;
have established a new fund to support Indigenous communities and organizations that are organizing to guarantee the survival of our people.&#13;
A group of prominent Indigenous men and women have formed this Fund with the goal of enabling Indigenous communities to achieve self-reliance through locally-initiated improvement efforts. The Abya Yala Fund provides critical training in organizational development, communications, administration, fundraising and project management. The Fund also gives grants and loans for small-scale community projects emerging from Indigenous communities and their organizations.&#13;
"We created the Fund due to our perception that a wide gap of communication and  understanding exists between international funders and development agencies and Indigenous communities," said Leonardo Viteri, a Quichua from Ecuador and board member. There is also a great need for organizational development among Indigenous communities that traditional funding sources are not addressing.&#13;
To fill these gaps, Abya Yala Fund works through local contacts to discuss directly with  Indigenous people their priority issues and needs. By working with existing organizations and community projects, the Abya Yala Fund enables local residents to define their own priorities and helps the community access technical and financial resources.&#13;
On May 4-7, 1995, Abya Yala Fund held its second meeting in Oakland, California, with board&#13;
members from South and Meso America as well as advisors from North America attending. In that meeting, the board developed a five-year plan for the organization.&#13;
The Abya Yala Fund has already received many proposals from Indigenous communities working on projects to protect the environment, land rights, human rights; to address women's issues; to support education projects; and to maintain the cultural integrity and spirituality of Indigenous Nations.&#13;
Nilo Cayuqueo, a Mapuche from Argentina and a founding member of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAJIC), and Atencio Lopez, a Kuna from Panama, are the Co-directors of the Abya Yala Fund. Luis Macas, a Quichua from Ecuador and winner of the 1994 Goldman Environmental Award, as well as other Indigenous Leaders from across the Americas are on the Board. Amalia Dixon, a Miskitu from Nicaragua and member of the Board of Directors, will help promote the Fund in the US.&#13;
Abya Yala Fund has established an office in Oakland, California, with the support of SAIIC. Until Abya Yala Fund receives its own non-profit status, the San Francisco-based Tides Foundation will be its fiscal sponsor. Abya Yala Fund has established contact with foundations and individuals who are very supportive of this unique initiative. In addition, the Fund has become a&#13;
member of foundation networking organizations such as Native Philanthropy, Americans in&#13;
Hispanics in Philanthropy, and the National Network of Grantmakers.&#13;
Monetary contributions are greatly needed for project support and operations. The Fund is also&#13;
seeking the donation of computers and modems, in order to facilitate regular communication with Board members and local contacts in Mexico, Central and South America. Please send tax deductible donations or information requests to: Abya Yala Fund, c/o Tides Foundation, P O Box&#13;
28386, Oakland, CA 94604, Tel/Fax (510) 763-6553.&#13;
</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22671">
                <text>Filling the Gap With Abya Yala Fund: The first foundation in the Western Hemisphere run by and for Indigenous People of South and Meso America</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22672">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22673">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22674">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46433">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22675">
                <text>Filling the Gap With Abya Yala Fund: The first foundation in the Western Hemisphere run by and for Indigenous People of South and Meso America</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22676">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22677">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22678">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22679">
                <text>37</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22680">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22681">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22682">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22683">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22684">
                <text>Indigenous representatives from Mexico, South, Central, and North America established a new fund to support Indigenous communities and organizations that are organizing to guarantee the survival of indigenous people.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22685">
                <text>Filling_The_Gap_With_Abya_Yala_Fund.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22686">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="498">
        <name>Abya Yala Fund</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="493">
        <name>Nilo Cayuqueo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="499">
        <name>South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1415" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="611">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/e086266f3ae7dac9afdb3bd4c0483faf.pdf</src>
        <authentication>595580aaa77421dd7840af8f57b1abda</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29945">
                    <text>ORGAN I ZA T IO N

AN D

COMMU NI CATION

email (or e-mail, which is shott for electronic mail) are
sent through computer networks . This con"espondence is
similar to the regular mail, faxes, and phone calls which
organil.ations such as SAIIC have t•·aditionally used to
communicate with board members, s upporters, and
other organizations. The advantage of email is that it
allows the sending of mail messages and computer files
vi.ttually instantaneously and often cheaper than other
means of communication.
A second broad category of infotmation on the
Internet is that which is disttibuted via listserv lists,
PeaceNet confer"ences, Usenet News Groups, etc. They
operate like newsletters to which people subscribe and
then t"eceive r"egUlar mailings. These subscli ption lists
ru"e useful for distributing news t-eports, wogent action
alerts, announcements and other infotmation which may
be of a dated natw·e. It is fot· these pw-poses that SAIIC
established the saiic.indio confet"ence on PeaceNet last
fall.
A final broad category ofinf01mation available on the
Internet is that found in electronic archives, including
ITP, Gophet; and World-Wide Web sites. Organizations
can use these archives to post an electronic copy of a
brochUl'e describing the group's work, manifestos and

Native American Radio
Talk Show Debuts

A me1ican Indian Radio on Satellite
r-1(AIROS), which started pt-og~-am­
ming for and about Native Ameri cans
last fall to Native-owned and public
radio statiorlS, began a daily Native
talk show on June 5.
George Tige1; Muscogee (Creek),
hosts Native America Calling, a live
call-in program that explor'eS the full
range of Native American life and culture, with topics such as hibal politics,
rut, music, humor, storytelling, gruning and religious freedom. The onehour daily progrrun can be heru-d on
tlibal.and public radio stations in the
United States each Monday through
F'liday at 1 p.m. Eastem time.
Native Ameri ca Calling is produced at public radio station KUNM
on the campus of the University of
New Mexico in Albuquerque. It is a
co-production of the Native American
Public Br-oadcasting Conso1
tium and
the Alaska Public Radio Network.
Listeners o:zn stay abreast of new pro·
gro.ms developments and new Sl&lt;llions

36

declarations, past issues of newsletters, and other information which may have on-going value for the organization, its suppo1
ters, and the public at large. For example,
SAIIC has placed a copy of its brochw-e on PeaceNet
where people desiring more information on the organization can access it via FTP, Gophe1; or the World-Wide
Web.
Often weak infrashu cture and the lack of basic services such as phone lines, pruticulru·ly in remote areas,
makes developing computer networks very difficult. In
Africa activists at-e beginning to hook up to low-earth
orbiting satellites in order to connect to computer network resources. For example, the NGO Volunteers in
Technical Assistance (VITA) has assisted organizations
in remote ru"eas ofTan7.ania wher-e there is no electl'icity
or phone service to communicate '~a email and the
Internet. F'l-om most anywhere in the world, a person
\vith the appropriate equipment can send and l"eceive
messages t\'~ce daily via a low orbit satellite. These lowearth orbiting sateUites have not been used extensively
in Mexico, Central and South Ametica. Using this technology, Indigenous people can create their own computer
networks in order to strengthen their otoganizations and
defend their way of life. 'flJ

coming on line by calling the Ncztiue
America Calling Holline at (907) 566·
2244.

dedicated to the presentation of
treaties on the •·ights of the
Indigenous peoples.

Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Network
Conference

For more information~ contact:
Indigenous EnvironmenU1l Network)

ne hund•'ed and
nations
organizaOIndigenousAmericasandforty six
tions from the
gathered in
Chickaloon, Alaska (J une 19-22) for
the Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Net\vork confet"ence.
The International Indian Tl"eaty
Council (llTC) O
l"ganized this confer~

ence.
The goal of this conference was to
unify Indigenous peoples in their wot-k
to protect the Earth Mother and its
natural l'eSources and strengthen
Indigenous organizations.
DUling four days of the confer-ence,
participants gathered in seventeen
workships dedicated to themes such
as territories, protection of natural
resources, militarization, the Hwnan
Genome Diversity Pr-oject, and
NAFTA. The final tluw days were

Tel: (218) 751-4967, Fa:x: (218) 751-

0561.

Second Coalition Conference
on International Health
uilding on the enthusiastic
t'eSponse to the first conference
held last November, the Canadian
Society for International Health and
the Canadian University CorlSOttium
for Health and Development will hold
the second CClli fi-om November 1215, 1995, at the Radisson Hotel in
Ottawa. The conference theme is
"Health Reform Around the World:
Towar-ds Equity and Sustainability."
Sessions will include paper P•"esenta-

B

tions, symposia, workshops, poster

sessions, and round table discussions.
ConmCL tile CC/H CoordinaU&gt;r at Tel:
(613) 730-2654, Fax:(613) 230·8-Wl, or
e-mail: csm@(ox.nstr•can..

A'&lt;Yfa Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22689">
                <text>Second Coalition Conference on International Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22690">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22691">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22692">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46434">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22693">
                <text>Second Coalition Conference on International Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22694">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22695">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22696">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22697">
                <text>36</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22698">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22699">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22700">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22701">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22702">
                <text>A meeting of the Canadian Society for International Health and the Canadian University Consortium for Health and Development.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22703">
                <text>Second_Coalition_Conference_on_International_Health.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22704">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="500">
        <name>Canadian Society for International Health</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="501">
        <name>Canadian University Consortium for Health and Development</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="393">
        <name>Health</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="358">
        <name>sustainability</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1416" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="610">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/70913ec75861d89274e14efa1cce878d.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5dead1423ccf70ec7d5ace2b5f7a8852</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29944">
                    <text>ORGAN I ZA T IO N

AN D

COMMU NI CATION

email (or e-mail, which is shott for electronic mail) are
sent through computer networks . This con"espondence is
similar to the regular mail, faxes, and phone calls which
organil.ations such as SAIIC have t•·aditionally used to
communicate with board members, s upporters, and
other organizations. The advantage of email is that it
allows the sending of mail messages and computer files
vi.ttually instantaneously and often cheaper than other
means of communication.
A second broad category of infotmation on the
Internet is that which is disttibuted via listserv lists,
PeaceNet confer"ences, Usenet News Groups, etc. They
operate like newsletters to which people subscribe and
then t"eceive r"egUlar mailings. These subscli ption lists
ru"e useful for distributing news t-eports, wogent action
alerts, announcements and other infotmation which may
be of a dated natw·e. It is fot· these pw-poses that SAIIC
established the saiic.indio confet"ence on PeaceNet last
fall.
A final broad category ofinf01mation available on the
Internet is that found in electronic archives, including
ITP, Gophet; and World-Wide Web sites. Organizations
can use these archives to post an electronic copy of a
brochUl'e describing the group's work, manifestos and

Native American Radio
Talk Show Debuts

A me1ican Indian Radio on Satellite
r-1(AIROS), which started pt-og~-am­
ming for and about Native Ameri cans
last fall to Native-owned and public
radio statiorlS, began a daily Native
talk show on June 5.
George Tige1; Muscogee (Creek),
hosts Native America Calling, a live
call-in program that explor'eS the full
range of Native American life and culture, with topics such as hibal politics,
rut, music, humor, storytelling, gruning and religious freedom. The onehour daily progrrun can be heru-d on
tlibal.and public radio stations in the
United States each Monday through
F'liday at 1 p.m. Eastem time.
Native Ameri ca Calling is produced at public radio station KUNM
on the campus of the University of
New Mexico in Albuquerque. It is a
co-production of the Native American
Public Br-oadcasting Conso1
tium and
the Alaska Public Radio Network.
Listeners o:zn stay abreast of new pro·
gro.ms developments and new Sl&lt;llions

36

declarations, past issues of newsletters, and other information which may have on-going value for the organization, its suppo1
ters, and the public at large. For example,
SAIIC has placed a copy of its brochw-e on PeaceNet
where people desiring more information on the organization can access it via FTP, Gophe1; or the World-Wide
Web.
Often weak infrashu cture and the lack of basic services such as phone lines, pruticulru·ly in remote areas,
makes developing computer networks very difficult. In
Africa activists at-e beginning to hook up to low-earth
orbiting satellites in order to connect to computer network resources. For example, the NGO Volunteers in
Technical Assistance (VITA) has assisted organizations
in remote ru"eas ofTan7.ania wher-e there is no electl'icity
or phone service to communicate '~a email and the
Internet. F'l-om most anywhere in the world, a person
\vith the appropriate equipment can send and l"eceive
messages t\'~ce daily via a low orbit satellite. These lowearth orbiting sateUites have not been used extensively
in Mexico, Central and South Ametica. Using this technology, Indigenous people can create their own computer
networks in order to strengthen their otoganizations and
defend their way of life. 'flJ

coming on line by calling the Ncztiue
America Calling Holline at (907) 566·
2244.

dedicated to the presentation of
treaties on the •·ights of the
Indigenous peoples.

Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Network
Conference

For more information~ contact:
Indigenous EnvironmenU1l Network)

ne hund•'ed and
nations
organizaOIndigenousAmericasandforty six
tions from the
gathered in
Chickaloon, Alaska (J une 19-22) for
the Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Net\vork confet"ence.
The International Indian Tl"eaty
Council (llTC) O
l"ganized this confer~

ence.
The goal of this conference was to
unify Indigenous peoples in their wot-k
to protect the Earth Mother and its
natural l'eSources and strengthen
Indigenous organizations.
DUling four days of the confer-ence,
participants gathered in seventeen
workships dedicated to themes such
as territories, protection of natural
resources, militarization, the Hwnan
Genome Diversity Pr-oject, and
NAFTA. The final tluw days were

Tel: (218) 751-4967, Fa:x: (218) 751-

0561.

Second Coalition Conference
on International Health
uilding on the enthusiastic
t'eSponse to the first conference
held last November, the Canadian
Society for International Health and
the Canadian University CorlSOttium
for Health and Development will hold
the second CClli fi-om November 1215, 1995, at the Radisson Hotel in
Ottawa. The conference theme is
"Health Reform Around the World:
Towar-ds Equity and Sustainability."
Sessions will include paper P•"esenta-

B

tions, symposia, workshops, poster

sessions, and round table discussions.
ConmCL tile CC/H CoordinaU&gt;r at Tel:
(613) 730-2654, Fax:(613) 230·8-Wl, or
e-mail: csm@(ox.nstr•can..

A'&lt;Yfa Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22707">
                <text>Sixth Annual Indigenous Environmental Network Conference</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22708">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22709">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22710">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46435">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22711">
                <text>Sixth Annual Indigenous Environmental Network Conference</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22712">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22713">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22714">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22715">
                <text>36</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22716">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22717">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22718">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22719">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22720">
                <text>The Indigenous Environmental Conference met from June 19-22 to discuss topics such as territories, protection of natural resources, militarization, the Human Genome Diversity Project, and NAFTA.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22721">
                <text>Sixth_Annual_Indigenous_Environmental_Network_Conference.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22722">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="502">
        <name>International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="503">
        <name>natural resources</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1417" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="609">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/0e53186227e36e58ed9622c5a69a3d9f.pdf</src>
        <authentication>4c4b35a1a331722d0f7a7e51252d6c2b</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29943">
                    <text>ORGAN I ZA T IO N

AN D

COMMU NI CATION

email (or e-mail, which is shott for electronic mail) are
sent through computer networks . This con"espondence is
similar to the regular mail, faxes, and phone calls which
organil.ations such as SAIIC have t•·aditionally used to
communicate with board members, s upporters, and
other organizations. The advantage of email is that it
allows the sending of mail messages and computer files
vi.ttually instantaneously and often cheaper than other
means of communication.
A second broad category of infotmation on the
Internet is that which is disttibuted via listserv lists,
PeaceNet confer"ences, Usenet News Groups, etc. They
operate like newsletters to which people subscribe and
then t"eceive r"egUlar mailings. These subscli ption lists
ru"e useful for distributing news t-eports, wogent action
alerts, announcements and other infotmation which may
be of a dated natw·e. It is fot· these pw-poses that SAIIC
established the saiic.indio confet"ence on PeaceNet last
fall.
A final broad category ofinf01mation available on the
Internet is that found in electronic archives, including
ITP, Gophet; and World-Wide Web sites. Organizations
can use these archives to post an electronic copy of a
brochUl'e describing the group's work, manifestos and

Native American Radio
Talk Show Debuts

A me1ican Indian Radio on Satellite
r-1(AIROS), which started pt-og~-am­
ming for and about Native Ameri cans
last fall to Native-owned and public
radio statiorlS, began a daily Native
talk show on June 5.
George Tige1; Muscogee (Creek),
hosts Native America Calling, a live
call-in program that explor'eS the full
range of Native American life and culture, with topics such as hibal politics,
rut, music, humor, storytelling, gruning and religious freedom. The onehour daily progrrun can be heru-d on
tlibal.and public radio stations in the
United States each Monday through
F'liday at 1 p.m. Eastem time.
Native Ameri ca Calling is produced at public radio station KUNM
on the campus of the University of
New Mexico in Albuquerque. It is a
co-production of the Native American
Public Br-oadcasting Conso1
tium and
the Alaska Public Radio Network.
Listeners o:zn stay abreast of new pro·
gro.ms developments and new Sl&lt;llions

36

declarations, past issues of newsletters, and other information which may have on-going value for the organization, its suppo1
ters, and the public at large. For example,
SAIIC has placed a copy of its brochw-e on PeaceNet
where people desiring more information on the organization can access it via FTP, Gophe1; or the World-Wide
Web.
Often weak infrashu cture and the lack of basic services such as phone lines, pruticulru·ly in remote areas,
makes developing computer networks very difficult. In
Africa activists at-e beginning to hook up to low-earth
orbiting satellites in order to connect to computer network resources. For example, the NGO Volunteers in
Technical Assistance (VITA) has assisted organizations
in remote ru"eas ofTan7.ania wher-e there is no electl'icity
or phone service to communicate '~a email and the
Internet. F'l-om most anywhere in the world, a person
\vith the appropriate equipment can send and l"eceive
messages t\'~ce daily via a low orbit satellite. These lowearth orbiting sateUites have not been used extensively
in Mexico, Central and South Ametica. Using this technology, Indigenous people can create their own computer
networks in order to strengthen their otoganizations and
defend their way of life. 'flJ

coming on line by calling the Ncztiue
America Calling Holline at (907) 566·
2244.

dedicated to the presentation of
treaties on the •·ights of the
Indigenous peoples.

Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Network
Conference

For more information~ contact:
Indigenous EnvironmenU1l Network)

ne hund•'ed and
nations
organizaOIndigenousAmericasandforty six
tions from the
gathered in
Chickaloon, Alaska (J une 19-22) for
the Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Net\vork confet"ence.
The International Indian Tl"eaty
Council (llTC) O
l"ganized this confer~

ence.
The goal of this conference was to
unify Indigenous peoples in their wot-k
to protect the Earth Mother and its
natural l'eSources and strengthen
Indigenous organizations.
DUling four days of the confer-ence,
participants gathered in seventeen
workships dedicated to themes such
as territories, protection of natural
resources, militarization, the Hwnan
Genome Diversity Pr-oject, and
NAFTA. The final tluw days were

Tel: (218) 751-4967, Fa:x: (218) 751-

0561.

Second Coalition Conference
on International Health
uilding on the enthusiastic
t'eSponse to the first conference
held last November, the Canadian
Society for International Health and
the Canadian University CorlSOttium
for Health and Development will hold
the second CClli fi-om November 1215, 1995, at the Radisson Hotel in
Ottawa. The conference theme is
"Health Reform Around the World:
Towar-ds Equity and Sustainability."
Sessions will include paper P•"esenta-

B

tions, symposia, workshops, poster

sessions, and round table discussions.
ConmCL tile CC/H CoordinaU&gt;r at Tel:
(613) 730-2654, Fax:(613) 230·8-Wl, or
e-mail: csm@(ox.nstr•can..

A'&lt;Yfa Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22725">
                <text>Native American Radio Talk Show Debuts</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22726">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22727">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22728">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46436">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22729">
                <text>Native American Radio Talk Show Debuts</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22730">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22731">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22732">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22733">
                <text>36</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22734">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22735">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22736">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22737">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22738">
                <text>The American Indian Radio on Satellite showcases diverse topics regarding tribal politics, art, music, humor, storytelling, gaming and religious freedom.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22739">
                <text>Native_American_Radio_Talk_Show_Debuts.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22740">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="335">
        <name>American Indian Radio on Satellite</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="336">
        <name>radio</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="504">
        <name>Tiger  George</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1418" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="608">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/59baa80fcc7d6e399a004f501cdcfc87.pdf</src>
        <authentication>ca8f27200736bd77010e95cd1d643233</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29942">
                    <text>O

R GAN I ZA TI ON

A ND

CO MMU N I CA TI ON

New Medium Reinforces Movement
Computer Networking and Indigenous Organizations
hen Peru and Ecuador began military skir- requi.l-e expensive intemational calls which limit their
mishes on their shared national borde•; SAIIC usefulness. Computer networks t"ept-esent a new technoreceived via email a statement from CONAIE logical breaktlu-ough which completely changes the fotm
denouncing the fighting and calling for international in which we communicate. Today, with a computer and a
assistance for the Indigenous communities in the con- modem (which a•-e becoming cheaper and easier to use)
it is possible to maintain virtually inm1ediate contact
Oietive area.
This in only one of an increasing nwnber of cases in with people ru-ound the world. Nonnally, it is possible to
which Indigenous activists are beginning to utilize com- connect to the Internet 'vith a local call and maintain
puter networks. Computer networks can be used to edu- contact 'vith people around the world without spending
cate people about Indigenous realities and to build money on long distance toU charges.
Indigenous activists ru-e now taking these means of
stronger organizations. The Internet, a system of interlinked computer networks which stretches ru-ound the communication into ow· own hands. SAIIC has always
world, is becoming a powetful organizing tool for been committed to the goal of communicating to the public an Indigenous perspeetive on issues which affect us.
Indigenous organizations and communities.
At this point it is relatively rru-e for Indigenous orga- We have accomplished this through vruious means of
ni?.ations in the South to utili?A&gt; computer networks to communication such as Abya Yakt News and urgent
-omantic atti- aetion aletts disttibuted tlu-ough mailings and by fax
advance their goals. Some people have a 1
tude towruu Indians and Western technology, and argue and phone. SAIIC is now making the tt·ansition to using
that people ru-e less Indian if they use computers. But as email and Internet t-esources to achieve these same
an Aymara 11-om Bolivia has argued, we will not be less goals. We can use this technology to educate others about
Indian because we ru-e using a compute.: It is a tool, and ow· reality and to mobilize international public opinion
it can be used in a positive way to achieve justice and lib- against hwnan rights abuses and on other issues which
we face. We should also look for ways to use computer
eration for our people.
The telephone, and then the invention of the fax networks to mo1-e effeetively communicate among ourmachine revolutionized communications tlu-oughout the selves in order to shru-e info•·mation and to develop orgaworld. For Indigenous activists, faxes impt-oved commu- nizing strategies.
nications between organizations ru&gt;d with support
Computer networking 1-esow-ces can be divided into
gt-oups in Notth America and Europe. Faxes, however, three main categories. First, private messages called

W

In the last issue of Abya Yala News (Vol. 8, No. 4), two short stories about SAIIC's efforts to use computet networ1cs and the
Internet to advance its Ofganizing WOI1&lt; included incomplete Of misleading info&lt;mation. On the News from SAIIC page (p.
39), there was a typO in the name of SAIIC's fleaceNet conference. The actual name is "saiic.indio. ·Also, SAIICs Home Page
on the Wo!ld-Wtde Web is at httpdJwww.igc.apc.Ofg/saiic/saiic.html. You can find an electronic copy of SAIIC's txochure
by pointing a gopher client to gopher.igc.apc.org and selecting "OrganiUitions on the IGC Netwo&lt;1&lt;s Gophel" and lhen
"SAIIC." The brochUfe is also available in the ftp.igc.apc.cxs FTP site in the "publorgs_on_igc" d irecte&lt;y and by sending an
email oote to "saiic-info@igc.apc.cxs:
Also, a ste&lt;y on the Internet for Native Peoples Conference (p. 35) did oot include complete information for subscribing to
these lists related to Indigenous issues (please oote that the -1in saiic-1 and native-! is the letter "I" and oot the number one):
saiic-1 (send a message "subscribe saiic-1" to majordomo@igc.apc.Ofg; this list mirrors the saiic.indio conference)
Indigenous Knowledge (send a message "sub indl&lt;now &lt;Your Name&gt;· to listserv@u.washington. du)
e
NativeNet(send a message "sub native-I &lt;Your Name&gt;· to listsetv@tarTMnl .tamu.edu)
In addition to these lists, Internet use&lt;S mlrf wish to check out the foii&lt;:Miing electronic archives,
NativeWeb (httpd/u!&lt;anaix.cc.u!&lt;ans.edu/-mardnativeweb.html)
Fourth World Documentation Project (http1Jwww.halqon.comlfWDP/fwdp.html)
Native Ameriam Net Server at UW-Mitwaukee (gopher to alpha1.csd.uwm.edu and select "I.NIM"Ihen "Information" and
finally ·Native American Net Selvet")
Native Arrleric4n FTP site at Ccmell University(ftp to ftp.cit.comell.edu and change to the publspecial!Nativel'fofs directe&lt;y)
If yoo have any questions about any of these items, please contact Marc at the SAIIC office.

Vol. 9No.1

35

�ORGAN I ZA T IO N

AN D

COMMU NI CATION

email (or e-mail, which is shott for electronic mail) are
sent through computer networks . This con"espondence is
similar to the regular mail, faxes, and phone calls which
organil.ations such as SAIIC have t•·aditionally used to
communicate with board members, s upporters, and
other organizations. The advantage of email is that it
allows the sending of mail messages and computer files
vi.ttually instantaneously and often cheaper than other
means of communication.
A second broad category of infotmation on the
Internet is that which is disttibuted via listserv lists,
PeaceNet confer"ences, Usenet News Groups, etc. They
operate like newsletters to which people subscribe and
then t"eceive r"egUlar mailings. These subscli ption lists
ru"e useful for distributing news t-eports, wogent action
alerts, announcements and other infotmation which may
be of a dated natw·e. It is fot· these pw-poses that SAIIC
established the saiic.indio confet"ence on PeaceNet last
fall.
A final broad category ofinf01mation available on the
Internet is that found in electronic archives, including
ITP, Gophet; and World-Wide Web sites. Organizations
can use these archives to post an electronic copy of a
brochUl'e describing the group's work, manifestos and

Native American Radio
Talk Show Debuts

A me1ican Indian Radio on Satellite
r-1(AIROS), which started pt-og~-am­
ming for and about Native Ameri cans
last fall to Native-owned and public
radio statiorlS, began a daily Native
talk show on June 5.
George Tige1; Muscogee (Creek),
hosts Native America Calling, a live
call-in program that explor'eS the full
range of Native American life and culture, with topics such as hibal politics,
rut, music, humor, storytelling, gruning and religious freedom. The onehour daily progrrun can be heru-d on
tlibal.and public radio stations in the
United States each Monday through
F'liday at 1 p.m. Eastem time.
Native Ameri ca Calling is produced at public radio station KUNM
on the campus of the University of
New Mexico in Albuquerque. It is a
co-production of the Native American
Public Br-oadcasting Conso1
tium and
the Alaska Public Radio Network.
Listeners o:zn stay abreast of new pro·
gro.ms developments and new Sl&lt;llions

36

declarations, past issues of newsletters, and other information which may have on-going value for the organization, its suppo1
ters, and the public at large. For example,
SAIIC has placed a copy of its brochw-e on PeaceNet
where people desiring more information on the organization can access it via FTP, Gophe1; or the World-Wide
Web.
Often weak infrashu cture and the lack of basic services such as phone lines, pruticulru·ly in remote areas,
makes developing computer networks very difficult. In
Africa activists at-e beginning to hook up to low-earth
orbiting satellites in order to connect to computer network resources. For example, the NGO Volunteers in
Technical Assistance (VITA) has assisted organizations
in remote ru"eas ofTan7.ania wher-e there is no electl'icity
or phone service to communicate '~a email and the
Internet. F'l-om most anywhere in the world, a person
\vith the appropriate equipment can send and l"eceive
messages t\'~ce daily via a low orbit satellite. These lowearth orbiting sateUites have not been used extensively
in Mexico, Central and South Ametica. Using this technology, Indigenous people can create their own computer
networks in order to strengthen their otoganizations and
defend their way of life. 'flJ

coming on line by calling the Ncztiue
America Calling Holline at (907) 566·
2244.

dedicated to the presentation of
treaties on the •·ights of the
Indigenous peoples.

Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Network
Conference

For more information~ contact:
Indigenous EnvironmenU1l Network)

ne hund•'ed and
nations
organizaOIndigenousAmericasandforty six
tions from the
gathered in
Chickaloon, Alaska (J une 19-22) for
the Sixth Annual Indigenous
Environmental Net\vork confet"ence.
The International Indian Tl"eaty
Council (llTC) O
l"ganized this confer~

ence.
The goal of this conference was to
unify Indigenous peoples in their wot-k
to protect the Earth Mother and its
natural l'eSources and strengthen
Indigenous organizations.
DUling four days of the confer-ence,
participants gathered in seventeen
workships dedicated to themes such
as territories, protection of natural
resources, militarization, the Hwnan
Genome Diversity Pr-oject, and
NAFTA. The final tluw days were

Tel: (218) 751-4967, Fa:x: (218) 751-

0561.

Second Coalition Conference
on International Health
uilding on the enthusiastic
t'eSponse to the first conference
held last November, the Canadian
Society for International Health and
the Canadian University CorlSOttium
for Health and Development will hold
the second CClli fi-om November 1215, 1995, at the Radisson Hotel in
Ottawa. The conference theme is
"Health Reform Around the World:
Towar-ds Equity and Sustainability."
Sessions will include paper P•"esenta-

B

tions, symposia, workshops, poster

sessions, and round table discussions.
ConmCL tile CC/H CoordinaU&gt;r at Tel:
(613) 730-2654, Fax:(613) 230·8-Wl, or
e-mail: csm@(ox.nstr•can..

A'&lt;Yfa Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22743">
                <text>New Medium Reinforces Movement: Computer Networking and Indigenous Organizations</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22744">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22745">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22746">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46437">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22747">
                <text>New Medium Reinforces Movement: Computer Networking and Indigenous Organizations</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22748">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22749">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22750">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22751">
                <text>35 - 36</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22752">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22753">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22754">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22755">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22756">
                <text>Indigenous peoples around the world begin to use computers and internet technologies to communicate. This will strengthen indigenous networks and organizations.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22757">
                <text>New_Medium_Reinforces_Movement_Computer_Networking_and_Indigenous_Organizations.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22758">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="508">
        <name>Communication</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="507">
        <name>computer</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="505">
        <name>Indigenous technology</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="315">
        <name>Internet</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="506">
        <name>Organization</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1419" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="607">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/48214ac331bae8cd6fefd4bbfa087dcb.pdf</src>
        <authentication>41450a54027f9db5989fd060d364645a</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29941">
                    <text>I N T E R N A T I 0 N ~ l-----------------------------------------------------------A~

Mexico: Indians and Campesinos
Massacred in Guerrero
series of assassinations of
Mixtee Indians topped with
the massacre of 17
campesinos, has mru·ked this past
June as one of the bloodiest months
in recent history for Indigenous
and rural peoples in Mexico.
On June 10, Mixtec members of
the Consejo Guerrerense 500 Ailos
de
Resistencia
Jndigena
(Guen·eran Council of 500 Years of
Indigenous Resistance) Perfecto
Gonzalez Rufino and Alejandro
Tenorio Perfecto were assassinated, followed by the murder of
member Rey Flores Hernandez on
June 18, 1995. Then, on
Wednesday, June 28, at a site
known as Aguas Blancas in the
Sierra of Coyuca de Benitez,
approximately 70 policemen intercepted a passenger truck traveling
to Atoyac, Guerrero, and began firing indiscriminately against the
vehicle and its occupants. Of the
roughly 60 campesinos traveling
in the truck, 18 were confirmed
dead. Eight people also disappeared and 19 people are gravely
injured.
In both cases, the incidents are
tied to the increased level of popu-

A

Jar mobilization in Guerrero, one of
Mexico's poorest states, with an
Indigenous population of about
300,000 out of 2,650,000. In the
first case, the murders are the product of the intolerance of regional
cacique and municipal president of
Tlacoachistlahuaca,
Armando
Ramos. A group of Mi.xtec Indians
began a peaceful takeover there of
the municipal building on May 22
to protest corruption and government indifference towards the
needs of Indigenous communities.
In the second case, some of the passengers
belonged
to
the
Organizaci6n Campesina de Ia
Siena
Sur
(OCSS-Peasant
Organization of the Southern
Sien·a), and were on their way to a
demonstration in Atoyac. There, on
May 18th, members of the OCSS
had prevented the exit of local
authorities from the municipal
building dw'ing the 28th annive•·sary of the initiation of the Lucio
Cabanas uprising.
As a result of the massacres,
tensions between state authorities
and campesinos in Guerrero have
reached a boiling point. Peasants Information from Consejo de
have fo•·med a popular commission Pueblos Nahuat cmd La Jomadc•

In the study, researche•'S consider the exploitation of 129,459
hectares of land located at the
Continuecl from page 26 southern tip of the island, in tbe
township of Quell6n, with an
communities and the ecological bal- annual deforestation of about
ance of the island of Chiloe. In May 150,000 square meters.
28, 1994, the General Council of
This project would use up about
Caciques of Chiloe announced their 37% of all the forest in Chiloe, with
knowledge of a document called: "A an annual deforestation volume
Study to Identify the Possibilities of equivalent to 5 times the current
Forest Exploitation in the At·ea annual seJTated wood production
known as Puerto Carmen- Big in Chiloe and 3 times the consumpIsland of Chiloe," commissioned by tion of firewood. Wood production
Los Parques, S.A. and Le Banque in Chiloe would double as a result
of this project.
Colbert of France.

Chiloe Forests

34

for the resignation of state governor
Ruben Figueroa Alcocer, who
appears to have been informed of
the police action prior to the incident. The coalition faces a powerful
opposition that the ruling PRJ
(Institutional Revolutionary Party)
deputies mounted in support of
Figueroa. In addition, on July 1st,
what may have been members of
OCSS ransacked and attempted to
burn down the municipal palace in
Coyuca de Benitez, site of a number
of large popular protests denouncing the incident.
Two state police agents and 8
local policemen believed to have
been involved in the incident have
been detained and are presently
awaiting trial. State attorney
Antonio Alcocer Salazar has also
accused membet'S of the OCSS,
including leader Benigno Guzman
Mattinez, of "engaging in criminal
conduct" in relation to the June 28
massacre. He also accused the
OCSS of "tbeft of public property,
destruction of commwucation lines,
and causing harm to society" dw·ing various OCSS activities in
1994. He did not clarify what "criminal conduct" he was referl'ing to,
however. '(&gt;)

According to these facts, the project (officially called, "Plan Astillas
Puerto Carmen"), which is already
being considered by the regional
and provincial autholities, would
become the first industrial
exploitation of Chiloe's forest. This
would mean the total transformation of all life forms in the island's
ecosystem and a real threat to the
sw'Vival of many species in it. The
General Council of Caciques of
Chiloe consider implementation of
this project a violation of
Indigenous people's ancestral
rights. '(&gt;)
Abyo Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22761">
                <text>Mexico: Indians and Campesinos Massacred in Guerrero</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22762">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22763">
                <text>Consejo de Pueblos Nahuat</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="22764">
                <text>La Jornada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22765">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22766">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46438">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22767">
                <text>Mexico: Indians and Campesinos Massacred in Guerrero</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22768">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="196">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22769">
                <text>Consejo de Pueblos Nahuat</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="22770">
                <text>La Jornada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22771">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22772">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22773">
                <text>34</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22774">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22775">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22776">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22777">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22778">
                <text>A series of assassinations of Mixtec Indians along with the massacre of 17 campesinos has made June one of the bloodiest months in recent history for Indigenous peoples in Mexico.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22779">
                <text>Mexico_Indians_and_Campesinos_Massacred_in_Guerrero.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22780">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="512">
        <name>assassination</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="150">
        <name>Guerrero</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="413">
        <name>Mixtec</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="511">
        <name>OCSS</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="510">
        <name>Peasant Organization of the Southern Sierra</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1420" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="606">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/c6adc0da3852cb1a714d494b4d4d2c4f.pdf</src>
        <authentication>ee2a9af9aba62ea82302ccd08873924f</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29940">
                    <text>INTERNAT I ONAL

URNG-Government Dialogue:
Indians Excluded Once Again
On March 31, Guatemala's govemment and the leftist umbrella guerrilla group National Guatemalan Revolutionary Union
(Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca, URNG) signed an accord to protect the rights of the Maya Indian people. As we reported in the last issue ofAbya Yala News (see Estuardo Zapeta, "Guatemala Peace Talks: Are Maya Rights
Negotiable~vol. 8, no. 4h these peace talks have excluded the Maya people who make up a majority of Guatemala's
population. In the recently-signed pact, the govemment promised to promote constitutional reforms to recognize the
Maya Indians, promote their rights, end racial discrimination and sexual harassment, respect traditional dress and languages, and promote bilingual education. Maya organizations greeted the pact as a cautious first step and stated that
the effect that it would have on their sttussle to achieve their demands remained to be seen. The following statement
is from the League of Organizations of the Maya People of Guatemala (Coordinaci6n de Organizaciones del Pueblo
Maya de Guatemala, COPMAGUA, also l&lt;r1&lt;&gt;'NTl by its Maya acronym SAJB'ICHIL) on these negotiations.

COPMAGUA Statement on Peace Negotiations
he se&lt;:ond Grand Assembly of SAJB'ICHIL, the
League of Organizations of the Maya People of
Guatemala (COPMAGUA), in view of the agreement "Identity and Rights of Indigenous People" which
the Republic of Guatemala and the Guatemalan
National Revolutionary Union (URNG) signed on
March 31, 1995, in Mexico City, having been asked to
analyze the peace negotiations;
Concludes That:
1) This accord does not necessarily fulfill all of our
aspirations and demands, but it is the minimal product of five hundred years of resistance, three decades of
an internal armed conflict, and above all the struggle
of the Maya people together with the suppott of the
civilian population. It is one of the tools to begin the
eradication of the social inj ustice, discrimination,
oppression and colonialism that we s uffer today.
2) This Agreement is a minimal but significant step
to strengthen the hope of the Maya people to end the
marginalization, oppression, discrimination, dominance, exploitation and colonialism that we suffer.
3) The Maya people will continue to work and struggle to achieve all of our rights and demands.
4) The contents of the Agreement will only be effective if all parties demonstrate the political willingness
to comply with the terms of the agreement, ' vith the
full participation of the Maya people.
5) The leagues and organizations present at the
sigrting of the agreement endow SAJB'ICHIL \vith the
power to be the representative and voice of the Maya

T

Vol. 9 No.1

people to all of the parties involved (the government,
the army, and the URNG) to oversee the implementation and verification of the tem1s of the Agreement, as
well as \vith international groups.
6) We recogni1-e that the Agreement was in part
made possible by the support of the United Nations as
part of its Global Peace Process, as well as by the support of the group of friendly countries.
It Commits Itself To:
1) Disseminate fully the agreement, "Identity and
Rights of the Indigenous Communities" to communi·
ties, villages and hamlets in the Maya hmguages
through all of the possible means of communication.
2) Make all of the Maya organizations as well as the
civilian population not only aware of the agreement,
but also to involve them in its application and compliance.
3) Conduct consultations with its base organizations and other Maya organizations for the implementation of the necessary mechanisms and the compliance of the agreement by those who signed it.
Decides To:
Conduct its third Grand Assembly on B'ELEJE' NO'J
(May 2, 1995) 'vith the obje&lt;:tive of making de&lt;:isions
regarding how to c.r eate work commissions to boost the
agreement, as well as its functions and tasks. '(1t
B'OKO', WAQI' Q'ANIU '
Chimaltenango, April3, 1995
33

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22783">
                <text>URNG-Government Dialogue: Indians Excluded Once Again</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22784">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22785">
                <text>COPMAGA Statement on Peace Negotiations</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22786">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22787">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46439">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22788">
                <text>URNG-Government Dialogue: Indians Excluded Once Again</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22789">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="190">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22790">
                <text>COPMAGA Statement on Peace Negotiations</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22791">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22792">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22793">
                <text>33</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22794">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22795">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22796">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22797">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22798">
                <text>Guatemala's government and the leftist guerilla group National Guatemalan Revolutionary Union (Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca, URNG) signed an accord to protect the rights of the Maya Indian people. However, Mayans were excluded from these negotiations.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22799">
                <text>URNG-Government_Dialogue_Indians_Excluded_Once_Again.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22800">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="515">
        <name>COPMAGUA</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="516">
        <name>international</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="513">
        <name>League of Organizations of the Maya people of Guatemala</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="514">
        <name>peace</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1421" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="605">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/562bcafe0c06f6b8ff123ce1e3266177.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7fd2c28c21aa3bdf9681dae701221b2f</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29939">
                    <text>W 0 MEN

always lived." \"'hile Indians in Pastaza returned to
the lowlands after 5 weeks of negotiation with their
territory adjudicated, titles included only surface
rights to land and its products. SubteJTanean righ ts
remain solely in the hands of the state to exploit. For
twenty years, petroleum development has indelibly
changed the social and ecological reality of the northern portion of the Ecuadorian Amazon through the
construction of a network of roads and towns and the
contamination of water and soil systems_ If petroletun
development is not controlled, this is the fate looming
on the horizons of Indigenous territory in Pastaza.
ARCO, the only oil corporation working in Pastaza, has
discovered a sizeable reserve in Indigenous ter.-itory
and hydrocarbon extraction is inuninent, if the local
communities and international pressure groups a re
not mobilized.
The struggle for land and Indigenous rights in
Pastaza is not simply the concern of a politicized
Indigenous elite. Miquia Abigail and Miquia Leona
came to tbe Bay Area in representation of their communities and OPIP to speak in their own voices about
their peoples' historical struggle in defense of their culture, beliefs, language, and way of life in the
Ecuado.-ian rain forest. Standing before the San
Francisco audience, Bacha Gualinga spoke on the wisdom of the ages: "I don't know how to read or write.
Not even sign my name. Yet, I have here, captw-ed
within my head, years and years of history. I am here
as a seed, as a root, as a tree. Look at me and learn."
Tracing the intimate lin.k between Indigenous peoples
and a landscape, she added, "'f Indians disappear, if
our way of life is destroyed, what will happen to the

world? Then there will not be forest. The jungle \vill
not be green."
In 1989, OPIP established a Women's Committee
directed by and for Indigenous Quichua women to
strengthen disappearing traditions and address
women's needs. Female potters in the province of
Pastaza cunently sell their ar tware to OPIP's
Cooperative store, Yanapuma (Black Panther), in t he
provincial capital of Puyo. Now, OPIP's Women's
Committee 'vishes to explot·e possibilities for expanding the marketing oflndigenous ceramjcs. The US tour
aims to provide Amazonian Quichua potters dii-ect
access to international alternative trade markets in
the United States. The Women's Committee seeks to
develop alternative trade networks as empowering
opportunities to re-enforce the cultural tradition of the
more than 3,000 women potters in the t'egion and
extend needed economic support. An example of grassroots organizing initiated and controlled by Indian
women, the mru·keting of the Quichua ceramic tradition re-affirms the dignity their cultural identity by
honoring indigenous female art and strengthening
female voices. Organized during International
Women's Month, the Quichua Potte•'s Exchange deepens a commitment fot· dialogue between women across
the globe and expands international networks of
mutual suppott and cooperation. '0'
For more information, contact: Fwui&lt;tci6n Jatari, P 0.
Box 65195, Tucs011, AZ, 85728, Tell Fax: (520) 5773642; or the Organizati01t of Indigenous Peoples of
Pa.staza (OPIP), Casilla 790, Puyo, Pastaza, Tell Fa.&lt;:
(593-3) 885-461.

Indigenous People form an Alliance to counter the Vampire Project
On February 18-19, 1995, a group of30 Indigenous delegates from the United States, Canada, Panama, Ecuador,
Bolivia, and Peru met in Phoenix, A.-izona, to discuss an Indigenous response to the Human Genome Project. During
the three days of discussion, the delegates decided to form an International Alliance to counter the Huntan Genome
Biodiversity Project. Many Indigenous peoples call this "The Vampire Project" because its goal is to collect blood, t issues, and hair from about 700 Indigenous groups around the wodd.
The Human Genome Project is a proposal to collect and study the genetic structw-es of va.-ious ethnic groups.
They have targeted populations "on the verge of extinction:• a nd refer to Indigenous groups as "Isolates of Historical
Interest." SAIIC and many other Indigenous organizations have taken a stand against this project because it is yet
another example of t-esearch which Notth American and European scientists carry out on Indigenous peoples without their consent and without all of the t-elevant information being provided to them. This is a continuation of colonialism ofindigenous peoples which began 500 years ago.
The delegates at the Phoenix confet-ence decided to make a plan of action to stop t.he Human Genome Project and
its attempt against the biological, spiritual, physical, and psychological lives of Indigenous peoples. They formed a
coordinating committee comprised of Indigenous people from North, Central, and South America. They are planning another meeting for next fall in northern California in order to continue tbis campaign.
The En'owkin Centre and Okanagan Indians in British Columbia organized this conference which TonatietTa in
Phoeni.x hosted. Debra Hany, a Paiute Indian from Nevada, is coordinator of this project.
For mot-e informati&lt;&gt;n, contact: Debra, at PO Box 6, N~'Wn, Neuada 89424, Tel: (702) 574-0309, e-mail
&lt;Utarry@igc.apc.org; or the Ett'owkin Centre, 257 Brwu;wick St., Penticton, BC V2R 5P9, Canada, Tel: (604) 4937181 Fa.&lt;: (604) 493-5302.

,.,.-- - - - - - - - - ------32

Abya Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22803">
                <text>Indigenous People form an Alliance to counter the Vampire Project</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22804">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22805">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22806">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46440">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22807">
                <text>Indigenous People form an Alliance to counter the Vampire Project</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22808">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22809">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22810">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22811">
                <text>32</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22812">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22813">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22814">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22815">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22816">
                <text>Indigenous people decide to try and stop the Human Genome Project. This project is collecting and studying genetic structures without the consent of almost extinct populations of indigenous peoples.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22817">
                <text>Indigenous_People_form_an_Alliance_to_counter_the_Vampire_Project.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22818">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="518">
        <name>Consent</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="64">
        <name>Human Genome Project</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="516">
        <name>international</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="517">
        <name>The Vampire Project</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1422" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="604">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/806de5081fc7de7036958cd8f24b758c.pdf</src>
        <authentication>2b8209c1f862bf99a7fa1b06b6a636b4</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29938">
                    <text>W

0

M E N

A Cultural Exchange :
Q uichua Potters From Ecuador Visit
by Suzana Sawyer
acha Gualinga Cuji and Leona Inmunda Nango, indigenous cosmology and l'8inforest sustainability.
two Indigenous Quichua female elders from the The clay, ocher, and resin materials used in their work,
tropical forest region of eastern Ecuador, building and decorating Indigenous ceramics reflect
recounted the story of how Nunguli, the forest spirit the need to carefully extract and sustain resources in
which lives below the earth, entrusted women with an uncontaminated envi1·onment. The cosmological
clay to sculpt into pottery. Theil· Spanish bore the dis- itnagery used in decoratit1g the ceramics retell the
tinctive lilt of those whose first language is Quichua. numerous stories of forest spirits, or powers, essential
With hands knotted from working the earth neru·ly to protect and maintain harmony among aU forest
daily for fifty years, Miquia Bacha and Miquia Leona beings, animate and inanitnate. Nw1guli, the spirit of
molded nwcahuas (drinking bowls) and told the tales fecundity, protects all cultivated plants. Amazanga,
from their mothers and grandmothers. They spoke the spirit of strength, protects aU forest animals.
with pride of their culture, the
J•••NOPIP
Tsumi, the spirit of fluidity, conthreat of petroleum contamination
trois the worlds of waters and its
and the recent border wru· with
lives. And there are many more.
Peru.
Cosmological beliefs around
The Bay Area was Bacha
these spirits-their temperament..~. inclinations, and prac·
Gualinga and Leona lnmunda's sec·
ond stop on a fow· city Quichua
tices- guide sustait1able prac·
Potte•&gt;s Cultural Exchange tour
tices used in agriculture, huntorganized by OPIP (Organization of
ing, fishing, and forest and river
Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza) and
management.
Miquia Bacha and Miquia
Fundaci6n Jatari, a small foundaLeona's ancestral territory contion established in 1978. Since its
inception, Fundaci6n Jatari has
sists of a 2 million hectares of
been dedicated to enhancing t he
uninterrupted prima•y rain for·
educational
opportunities
of
est in the central Ecuadorian
Amazon Province of Pastaza.
Indigenous and non-Indigenous
peoples in Ecuado•~ Per u, and
This is the last such exp8llse in
Bolivia.
The 1995 Cultural
Ecuador and the only place
where women maintain the
Exchange Tour is the second consecutive year in which Quichua women
age-old tradition of Quichua pothave come to shru-e theit· cultw·al
tery. OPIP is the Indian federa·
knowledge and build interchange
tion and organizational structw-e
with the Notth. Their visits to UUICn&lt;Jll worren·s pottery represents the which bas been fighting to pro·
Minneapolis, Albuquerque, and intimate connection between lndi~enous teet this ancestral territo•y ru1d
Santa Fe have allowed them to forge cosmology and rain fe&lt;est sustainabllity.
maintain sustainable Indigenous
networks and friendships with
management techniques for 16
Native Americans in the US.
years. Founded in 1979, OPIP 1-ep•-esents 20,000
Chosen by their rainfo•-est communities, Bacha Indigenous peoples, dispersed in 133 communities.
Gualinga and Leona lnmunda came to the United While gains have been made, the future of this terri to·
States as spokeswomen in defense of their rut form ry and its people is uncertait1.
and ancestral territory. Quichua pottery is a millenni·
In 1992, 2,000 Indigenous peoples from Pastaza
al practice exclusive to Indian women. Through its del- embarked on a historic march from their rain forest
icate hand-coil form and intricate designs, Quichua communities to Quito to demand legal title to their
pottery rep•-esents the intimate connection between ancestral teJTitory (see Abya Yala News Vol. 6, No. 3).
Miquia Bacha was a key player in this struggle. The
Suzana Sawyer is a Ph.D. Candidate in only woman to add1-ess the P•-esident an'd his cabinet,
Anthropology at Stanford University and has worked Bacha Gualinga condemned the government for failing
extensively with OPIP in the Ecuadorian Anwzon.
to legalize "the territo1y in which theit· ancestors have

B

Vol. 9No. 1

31

�W 0 MEN

always lived." \"'hile Indians in Pastaza returned to
the lowlands after 5 weeks of negotiation with their
territory adjudicated, titles included only surface
rights to land and its products. SubteJTanean righ ts
remain solely in the hands of the state to exploit. For
twenty years, petroleum development has indelibly
changed the social and ecological reality of the northern portion of the Ecuadorian Amazon through the
construction of a network of roads and towns and the
contamination of water and soil systems_ If petroletun
development is not controlled, this is the fate looming
on the horizons of Indigenous territory in Pastaza.
ARCO, the only oil corporation working in Pastaza, has
discovered a sizeable reserve in Indigenous ter.-itory
and hydrocarbon extraction is inuninent, if the local
communities and international pressure groups a re
not mobilized.
The struggle for land and Indigenous rights in
Pastaza is not simply the concern of a politicized
Indigenous elite. Miquia Abigail and Miquia Leona
came to tbe Bay Area in representation of their communities and OPIP to speak in their own voices about
their peoples' historical struggle in defense of their culture, beliefs, language, and way of life in the
Ecuado.-ian rain forest. Standing before the San
Francisco audience, Bacha Gualinga spoke on the wisdom of the ages: "I don't know how to read or write.
Not even sign my name. Yet, I have here, captw-ed
within my head, years and years of history. I am here
as a seed, as a root, as a tree. Look at me and learn."
Tracing the intimate lin.k between Indigenous peoples
and a landscape, she added, "'f Indians disappear, if
our way of life is destroyed, what will happen to the

world? Then there will not be forest. The jungle \vill
not be green."
In 1989, OPIP established a Women's Committee
directed by and for Indigenous Quichua women to
strengthen disappearing traditions and address
women's needs. Female potters in the province of
Pastaza cunently sell their ar tware to OPIP's
Cooperative store, Yanapuma (Black Panther), in t he
provincial capital of Puyo. Now, OPIP's Women's
Committee 'vishes to explot·e possibilities for expanding the marketing oflndigenous ceramjcs. The US tour
aims to provide Amazonian Quichua potters dii-ect
access to international alternative trade markets in
the United States. The Women's Committee seeks to
develop alternative trade networks as empowering
opportunities to re-enforce the cultural tradition of the
more than 3,000 women potters in the t'egion and
extend needed economic support. An example of grassroots organizing initiated and controlled by Indian
women, the mru·keting of the Quichua ceramic tradition re-affirms the dignity their cultural identity by
honoring indigenous female art and strengthening
female voices. Organized during International
Women's Month, the Quichua Potte•'s Exchange deepens a commitment fot· dialogue between women across
the globe and expands international networks of
mutual suppott and cooperation. '0'
For more information, contact: Fwui&lt;tci6n Jatari, P 0.
Box 65195, Tucs011, AZ, 85728, Tell Fax: (520) 5773642; or the Organizati01t of Indigenous Peoples of
Pa.staza (OPIP), Casilla 790, Puyo, Pastaza, Tell Fa.&lt;:
(593-3) 885-461.

Indigenous People form an Alliance to counter the Vampire Project
On February 18-19, 1995, a group of30 Indigenous delegates from the United States, Canada, Panama, Ecuador,
Bolivia, and Peru met in Phoenix, A.-izona, to discuss an Indigenous response to the Human Genome Project. During
the three days of discussion, the delegates decided to form an International Alliance to counter the Huntan Genome
Biodiversity Project. Many Indigenous peoples call this "The Vampire Project" because its goal is to collect blood, t issues, and hair from about 700 Indigenous groups around the wodd.
The Human Genome Project is a proposal to collect and study the genetic structw-es of va.-ious ethnic groups.
They have targeted populations "on the verge of extinction:• a nd refer to Indigenous groups as "Isolates of Historical
Interest." SAIIC and many other Indigenous organizations have taken a stand against this project because it is yet
another example of t-esearch which Notth American and European scientists carry out on Indigenous peoples without their consent and without all of the t-elevant information being provided to them. This is a continuation of colonialism ofindigenous peoples which began 500 years ago.
The delegates at the Phoenix confet-ence decided to make a plan of action to stop t.he Human Genome Project and
its attempt against the biological, spiritual, physical, and psychological lives of Indigenous peoples. They formed a
coordinating committee comprised of Indigenous people from North, Central, and South America. They are planning another meeting for next fall in northern California in order to continue tbis campaign.
The En'owkin Centre and Okanagan Indians in British Columbia organized this conference which TonatietTa in
Phoeni.x hosted. Debra Hany, a Paiute Indian from Nevada, is coordinator of this project.
For mot-e informati&lt;&gt;n, contact: Debra, at PO Box 6, N~'Wn, Neuada 89424, Tel: (702) 574-0309, e-mail
&lt;Utarry@igc.apc.org; or the Ett'owkin Centre, 257 Brwu;wick St., Penticton, BC V2R 5P9, Canada, Tel: (604) 4937181 Fa.&lt;: (604) 493-5302.

,.,.-- - - - - - - - - ------32

Abya Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22821">
                <text>A Cultural Exchange: Quichua Potters From Ecuador Visit</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22822">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22823">
                <text>Suzana Sawyer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22824">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22825">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46441">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22826">
                <text>A Cultural Exchange: Quichua Potters From Ecuador Visit</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22827">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="190">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22828">
                <text>Suzana Sawyer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22829">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22830">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22831">
                <text>31 - 32</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22832">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22833">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22834">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22835">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22836">
                <text>Quichua female elders visit several cities in the United States with the help of the Quichua Potter's Cultural Exchange tour organized by OPIP (Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza). This is part of an effort to expand alternate trade networks to create more opportunities to reinforce the cultural traditions of the Quichua.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22837">
                <text>A_Cultural_Exchange_Quichua_Potters_From_Ecuador_Visit.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22838">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="520">
        <name>Pastaza</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="519">
        <name>pottery</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="254">
        <name>Quichua</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="521">
        <name>Territory</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="6">
        <name>Women</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1423" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="603">
        <src>http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/282e159d86ceb8f1dd79660fc040d15d.pdf</src>
        <authentication>0b77001130d6821917bb96eeb6243aaf</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="6">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="324">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="29937">
                    <text>W 0 M E N

"We Must Combine Our Efforts"
In recosnition of the similarity of the struggles Indigenous women face around the world,
we recently had the privilege of talking with Victoria Tauli-COtPUz, a Kankilnaey lgorot
from the Cordillera region of the Philippines. She is the past chairperson of the Cordillera
Peoples' Alliance, a coalition of Indigenous peoples in the Cordillera, Northem
Philippines. She is Executive Director of the Cordillera Women's Education and Resource
Center, Inc., an NGO doing education, organizins, and projects amons Indigenous
women in the region.

f~~ .w~ Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
Tell us about the founding of the Cordillera
Women's Education and ResoUl·ce Center.
ndigenous peoples in our region of the Philippines
began to organize in the mid 1970s when the World
Bank funded construction of four large dams along
our Big Chico River. This project would have relocated
300,000 Bontoc and Kalinga peoples, but these people
successfully fought against it. After this struggle, organizations were started on the local and provincial levels. The Cordillera Peoples' Alliance, which is the
regional federation of these organizations, was organized in 1984. Although women were very much a part
of this struggle, they didn't have their own organizations. So in 1985, we thought it was time to organize

I

our own women's center to train women to become

leaders in their own dght. We created The Cordillera
Women's Education and Resow-ce Center was and took
the lead in establishing organizations in the region.
What is the primary purpose of the Cor diller a
Women's Education and Resource Center?
First, we wanted our women to take a more active

role in the stmggle for the defense of our ancestral
lands and for self detennination. So we attempt to
bring in more women and educate them on these
issues. At the same time, we are aware that women are
marginalized. In our traditional communities,
Indigenous decision-making structures are ve•y male
dominated. We felt this was not good for women, and
therefore efforts should be made to improve this situation. Women must be equipped to patticipate more
effectively in the community decision-making process.
And thirdly, in many of our communities agriculture,
which is the main economic activity, relies heavily on
women. But when it comes to cash crop production, or
when corporations hire, women are marginalized.
When, for instance, the mines hire workers, they hire
Vol. 9 No. 1

only men, and the women become housewives. As
housewives, women are not patt of the conununity's
economic activity as they are when they are subsistence farmers. We are studying how these modem
developments have futther marginalized women.
Tell us mor e about the t raditional role of women
in your community.
Well, as I said, the women are the subsistence farmers. They are the ones who fetch water, keep the seeds,
and take care of the children. Childrearing is sometimes shared since women go to the fields, then the
men stay in the village and take care of the babies.
Where do you believe machismo, or m ale domination, cam e from in your society?
For us, as the ml\iority population, machismo was
introduced by colonization. Before colonization,
although they were not part of the formal decisionmaking process, women were consulted about their
opinions. When the colonizers came, they declared that
women should stay home and take care of the children.
That was not our traditional belief; housework was
shared. The male-dominated beliefs of our colonizers
seeped through our communities. For instance, we had
a courtship system in which women could also do
courting, and mrutial sepru·ations were pennitted with
appropriate grounds. When the colonizers came with
their religious beliefs, they told us this could not be,
that it was immoral and that we could not separate
from ow· husbands. Ow· colonizers brought and reinforced male domination in our traditional societies.
Do Indigen ous communities in the P hilippines
have r ecognized territories?
'
We occupy ow· land, but the law states that ow· land
is public land. We have a law in the Philippines which
29

�W 0 ME N

----- ------ --- -----

says all lands that are 18% slopes or above are considered public lands, and therefore cannot be owned or
sold. Almost all ow· lands are 18% slopes or above.
Because of that law virtually all the people in our com,
munity are considered squatters on our own lands. So
we are working to have that law repealed. In 1986,
when there was a constitutional conm&gt;ission, we lobbied to put a clause in the constitution recognizing
ancestral land rights of Indigenous peoples. That law
was incorporated into the constitution, but until a bill
enabling and defining the law is passed, we legally do
not have an ancestral land law in ow· country.
What othe•- crucial issues are facing your community?

asking that they be allowed to participate in their medical missions to the Aetas in Pinatubo. Their intent
was to collect DNA materials from the Aetas by collecting blood, mucosal scrapings, and hair roots. This
sounds very much like the Hwnan Genome Divet'Sity
Project. I 6nd this grossly unethical and immoral,
because what they plan to do is to participate in a
humanitarian mjssion to the Aetas who were displaced
when the Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines empted.
So, in effect, they arc using a medical mission to obtain
genetic resow-ces.
We did work with t he Foundation on Economic
Trends (FET) in Washington DC. who filed a petition
on behalf of itself and other organizations, including
our own, for a moratorium on the Human Genome
Diversity Project which at the time was promoted by
the National Institute of Health in the US. So the FET
filed a suit against them, but the whole project was
transferred to the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Suing the NSF will be more difficult because they are
a semi-private, semi-governmental organization.
These are the steps we have taken to pre-empt the
attempts of the pt·oject to gather genetic material.

There are still ongoing logging operations. The logging companies attempt to drive people away from
their land. However, mining is one of the biggest issues
that we face because our region is ve•-y rich in minerals. Seventy-five percent of gold exports come from ow·
region. The government is relaxing the laws to allow
corporations to invest and open mines. These corporations receive 75-year leases. They operate strip mines
and open pit mines. We have been •-esisting fw-the•expansion of these mines.
Do Indigenous peoples in the Philippines deal
with issues sinrilar to those of other Indigenous
The Philippine government ratified GATT last peoples ar ound t he world?
December. How will this affect Indigenous peoWe really have many issues in common, like ancesples?
tral land rights, traditional ceremonies, autonomy, alld
It , viJl have a tremendous affect on Indigenous peo- self govertrment. Because of that communality, we
ples, especially in terms of their rights to their lands. It were able to combine efforts to cont,;bute to the draft
will make it vety easy for the government to say that the UN working group on Indigenous peoples develsince they are a signato•y to GATT, we must open ow- oped. We should not underestimate what our lobby
land for investments.They also have been encow-aging conbibuted to that draft..
us to produce cash crops like cut flowers and asparagus. With the production of cash crops, ow- agriculture Do you have any messages fot· women in Mexico,
shifts from subsistence production for domestic con- South and Central America?
sumption to producing high-value crops. This ,viJl force
We were pru-t of the group that organized the
our agricultural production to become pat-t of the International Women's C01uerence held in Samiland
(in Norway) in 1990. As a result of that conference, we
entire world's market economy.
developed a resolution saying we would do regional
How ·is the Human Genome Diversity P r oject organizing among our women. Latin American women
affecting Indigenous communities in the did their own organizing, which I think is great. On owpart, we built up ow- Asian Indigenous women's netPhilippines?
Some Indigenous peoples have been targeted for work. Now we must combine our effo•-ts and come
genetic collection, and some collection has probably together again so we can produce an excellent
already occurred. On the list of the Human Genome Indigenous Women's Agenda to be presented at the UN
Project we have the Ifugawes, who come from ow· World Conference on Women in Beijing in September.
region; my own tribe; and the Aetas, a group of We should make an effot-t to outline the issues of
Indigenous peoples from the Central Luzon, Southern Indigenous women, whether they are in the North or
Tagalog, and from the Visayas. Late last year we got a the South, and then present these issues. We can also
copy of a letter from Dr. Camara, one of the medical sponsor a series of activities in Beijing where
doctot'S from the Aloha Medical Mission of Hawaii, Indigenous women can speak out. 'f?J
wherein he enclosed a letter from Hoffman-La Roche,
30

Abya Yala News

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="40">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22632">
                  <text>Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22841">
                <text>"We Must Combine Our Efforts"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22842">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22843">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22844">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="46442">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Zotero</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="314">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22845">
                <text>"We Must Combine Our Efforts"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="217">
            <name>Item Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22846">
                <text>Journal Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="319">
            <name>Volume</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22847">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="264">
            <name>Issue</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22848">
                <text>1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="283">
            <name>Pages</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22849">
                <text>29 - 30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="293">
            <name>Publication Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22850">
                <text>Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="221">
            <name>ISSN</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22851">
                <text>1071-3182</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="246">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22852">
                <text>Spring, 1995</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="269">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22853">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="222">
            <name>Abstract Note</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22854">
                <text>Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, a Kankanaey Igorot from the Cordillera region of the Philippines, was the past chairperson of the Cordillera People's Alliance and is now the Executive Director of the Cordillera Women's Education and Resource Center, Inc. She speaks about the need to protect the Philippine indigenous peoples from  the Human Genome Project, commercial agriculture, and violations of women's rights.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="322">
            <name>Attachment Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22855">
                <text>We_Must_Combine_Our_Efforts.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="323">
            <name>Attachment URL</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22856">
                <text>[No URL]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="64">
        <name>Human Genome Project</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="522">
        <name>machismo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="523">
        <name>Phillipines</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="521">
        <name>Territory</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="6">
        <name>Women</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
