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                    <text>ORGANIZATION
CONIC Preparatory Meeting
in Bolivia
The provisional council of the Co·
ordinating Committee of Indigenous
Nations and Organizations of the continem held its planning meeting for the
upcoming continental encounter in
Chuquiagu (La Paz), Bolivia from May
11-4. The Coordinating Comminee of
Indigenous Women of Bolivia hosted
this meeting.
At CON lC's last continemal encounter held at Temoaya , Mexico in 1993,
participants decided to hold a consti·
tutive congress in October 1994 in
Guatemala, and to fonn a Provisional
Council to plan this congress. Delegates from the Southern Cone.Andean
region, Central and Nonh America
elaborated proposed bylaws at this
meeting. and have sent these along
with a declaration of principles and
objectives to all CONIC members. The
coming congress in Guatemala was set
for the I0 -14 of October and will be
hosted b)' the Council of Maya organizations of Guatemala (see calender be·
low). All member organizations will be
anending, and may also invite up to
three additional organizations from
their region.

&amp;

COMMUNICATION

Ngulam--Consejo de Toe/as Las Tierras. based in rcciprocit)'; solidarity and
Mar&lt;iflores 1326, Casilla 448, Temuco, equality; and plurinational democracy.
Chile.
Fori&gt;ifonnation: CONAl£, Las Granados
2553 y 6 de Diciembre, Casi/111 17- li1235, Quito, Ecuador, Tel: (593-2)
Indigenous News Agency
248930 Fax: (593-2) 44271 email
begins Publishing
The International Indian Press ccc@ccnaie.ec
Agency (Al PIN) began wiring news
relating to Indigenous nations and or· Ashaninka Women Begin
ganizations of the continent through Organizing for Self-Sufficiency
Many Ashaninka have been forced
the IPS network last january. Genaro
Buatista, Mixtec journali st a nd to Oee their homes by conOicts be·
Natividad Gutierrez are the acting co· tween the military and the Sendero
ordinators in Mexico City. All lndig· Luminoso Guerilla movement.
enous journalists are invited to submit i\shaninka women are searching for
reports to AlPIN, by fax (525) 761· solutions to the critical lack of food,
8573. The reports are published over clothing. and health care facing their
the wire every week and arc accepted families. Following the First t\shaninka
every Wednesday until 6:00pm. sub· Summit in November-December of
missions should be a maximum of300 1993, an ' Ashaninka Mothers' Club"
words, approximately 60 lines of text. was formed with the goal of carrying
out projects to meet basic needs in the
Central Forest region of Peru. AccordCONAIE National Congress
ing to club leader, Lucila Arce Salcedo,
Approves National Policy
the traditional Ashaninka economy
Statement
which was based on self-sufficient ag·
From the 15·18 of December last ricuhure, hunting and fishing has been
year. CONAIE celebrated its fourth serious!)' impacted in recent years by
national congress in the town ofUni6n the arrival of colonist, Sendero
Base, Puyo in the Amazon Region. The Luminoso activity, logging and most
Congress approved CONAIE's •Politi· recently the activities of oil companies
cal Project' , a document which out· such as Shell and Mobil.
lines the organization's national politi·
The Mothers' organization is there·
cal strategy. According to CONAIE fore working to develop sewing and
president Luis Macas this project 'will cooking industries to helpsuppon their
be a guide £or the construction of a families with cash incomes. lf success·
more just, plurinational and ful. this project will benefit 500
pluricultual state and for the recogni· t\shaninka families. Next,they hope to
tion of the Indigenous people and the begin a home for children who have
poorest secwrs of the country.' , and been orphaned during the wave of
proposes solutions to the problems of violence. Arce Salcedo reports that
land distribution, housing, industrial· approximately 2.000 children in the
izarion, health. unemployment, segre- communities of Provincia de Satipo.
gation and discrimination.
Punor Ocopa, Rio Ene. and Rio Tambo
According toCONAIE, the project's are orphans in their communities Jiv.
proposals are based on the fundamen- ing in various stages of malnutrition,
tal principalsof the Indigenous peoples, sickness and poverty.
especially. an integral humanism which for infonnation or to send aid: l&lt;alia
recognizes that the close relationship Torrelli. 4015 Rhod11 Ave., Oalllaru/, Ct\
between people and nature is what 94602, Tel: (510) 482·4682 Fax: (510)

Fourth Session of Mapuche
Tribunai--Wallmapu
Norngulamtuwum--Held in
Temuco, Chile.
From the28·29ofMarch J994, the
Mapuche organization Auld"
Wallmapu Ngulam (Consejode Todas
las Tierras--All Lands Council) held
their annual meeting, focusing on refOiming the Chilean State and self·
determination for the Mapuche. The
Cotmcil issued several resolmions rejecting Chile's "Indigenous Law• ( Law
# 19.2553) as serving the Chilean state,
but not the Indigenous population.
Many specific changes were recommended.
For information : ilul&gt;i&gt;l \Vallmapu guarantees us life: communitarianism 421-4758
40

/&gt;bya Yala News

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                    <text>CENTRAL AMERICA

Learn a Mayan Language in Guatemala
lximche Language Center
The lldmche Language Center (CLO IS
a p~ectofCojb'lylnRlq'utn Catlnamlt. which
tn Caqch!quel means "we walk with our
people". We are an association of Maya
CaqchJquel Indian professionals. workers.
farmers and craftspeople who are taking up
the chaDenge of conserving and promoting
our culture and our Identity.
We have created the language school
as part of an Integrated program of sustain·
able development. At CU. we offer proven
language Instruction techniques. as well as
the opportunity to share our Mayan splrttual
traditions and our way of Uvtng.
The school IS located In the town of
Chtmaltenango. tnthecentral-westemreg!on
oftheh!ghlands. UnUkethelargercttieswhere

tourists congregate. Chlmaltenango presents
the opportunity to witness the true life of an
Indian town.
The program offers the student a
cho!ceof!nstructlontntheSpantshlanguage.
ortnoneoftwoMayanlanguages: Caqch!quel
and Quiche. It features tndlv!dual. one-on·
one classes with teachers who are carefully
trained and dedicated to sharing the cultural
values of our community.
WhUe studylng at CU. students are
encouraged to stay with a Maya-CaqchJquel
family to practice their language sldlls. A
portion of the proceeds of the Linguistic Centerl.ldmchetsdedlcatedtothedevelopmentof
an educational and cultural center for
Caqch!quel Maya children.

For more lnfonnatlon please contact:
GrupoMaya
Quj Semej Junan
P.O. Box 40892
San Francisco, CA 94140

Centro Linguistico lximche
4a. Avenida 4·53 Zona 3

Tel: (415)824·2534

Tel: (502) (9)39·2331

Chimaltenongo
Guatemala

Kunas Protest Land Invasions
OnApr!IIS. I993colon!7.ersdestroyed
a house within Kuna territory which had just
been constructed by members of the !bed!
Kuna community tn collaboration with the
Association of Kunas United for Nabguana.
Thehouse.tntheKunadiStrtctofMadungandl
(Alto Bayano). was to be used by Kuna villagers who were planning to begtn work on
demarcating thiS part of Kuna territory.
Because the law whJch establishes
the Kuna DIStrict ofMadungandlts languiSh·
tng tn the National Assembly and the government claims It does not have the money to
demarcate the land, the community members
decided to do the job themselves.
There has been poachtng of endan·
gered animals, tnd!scrtmtnate loggtng and the
Vol 1 Num 1 &amp; 2

pollution of the rtvers tn the Alto Bayano
region. The Kunas feel that demarcation of
the land ts the first step toward gatntng re·
spect for the boundrtes of their terrttory.
The followtng ts an excerpt from a
statement made by the Association ofKunas
United for Nabguana responding to the destruction of the house:
'We condemn thts hostile act by the
coloniZers who want to sabotage any actiVity
whJch mJght brtngabout a real solution to the
problems the Kuna people face tnAito Bayano
due to Ulegal Invasions of our territories by
people who care little about conserving na·
ture and who are trytng to provoke our people
so they can later accuse us of betng the
Instigators."

For more informo·

lion conloct:
Asociaci6n

Nabguona,
Apdo. Postol 536,
Panol1)6 1,
Panom6

31

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                <text>The Iximché Language Center is a project that created a language school in Chimaltenango. The program offers instruction in either Spanish, Caqchiquel, or Quiche.</text>
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                    <text>La Pachamama - Artful Resistance
{Argentina) One fonn of resistance and organization in the Calchaqul valley is
based on the production of crafts. The Supply Cooperative for Regional Artesans, '1.a
Pachamama;' has as its objective the !WOgnition of the technical and economic value of
artesanry.

Our craft cooperrztive u.zs fonned in 1986. At that time we didn't know anything about what it
meant to fonn a cooperrztive, we simply felt it necessary to join together. In reality, we already were
working together. Our sJwp had existed for more than 15 years, and people used to rome together
here in order to display thdr products. When we began tlllking about fonning a cooperrzlive, the
objective u.zs to turn artesanry into a means ofmaking a living. There are many artesans wha
cannot work because the necessary materiJlls don't exist.
We try to preserve what is autochthonous to our region. All of the artesans are local, from neighboring areas. Our artesanry consists primarily of weavings, but we also work with baskets made of
"simbol" and "poleo" (local plants), and wood and leather, and there are also severrzl potters. We use
traditional techruques and naturrzl dyes. All kinds ofweavings are made: tapestries, ponchos,
blankets, "puyos" (ponchos woven with thick wool), carpets, pullauers, stoclOngs and shawls.
W"'""" w«ving a Calchoqlli shawl.

This legacy of our ancestors is something that we don't want to lose. They didn't know ofsyntlrdic
dyes. They wove with the materials they had at hand, and this is
what we want to preserve. Natural dyes are very consistent and
chellper too.

Locally, we are der&gt;eloping a plan to supply the materials needed
for the creation of our crafts. We have bought mw materials, wool,
and looms. We have 42 members. We have grown considerrzbly.
The main problem right now is commercialization, because we
still don't have a market. At the present lime weare only selling
locally. What we would like to be able to do is, for example, to go
to expositions, to go to other areas in order to sell our things.
(Josefa Balderrama, President; Rumaldo Olivar, Secretary)

If you would like to support *La PochomomoM Cooperative by purchasing Orle$0nry, inviting its members to on
exposition, offering training or consulting in marketing
techniques you con contact:
Cooperative Pochomomo
Ruta 307 Km 118, Amaicho del Valle
4137 Tucum6n, Argentino
Two children in El Paso, Argentina.

SAJIC Ploolo

EL PASO ISSUES
PLEA FOR ASSISTANCE
(Argentino) The surviyol of the Colchoqui community of
El Po$0 is seriously threatened by a lock of water. Community
members hove requested financial help in order to construct o
well which would supply various communities of the oreo. The
cost is $25,000. If you hove information about possible finonciol sources, please contact:
Lucio Pachoo/Froncisco Choile
Comunidad de El Paso, Fuerle Quemado
4141 Catamarca, Argentino
Vol6 Nos 1&amp;2

7

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                    <text>BOOKS

w~4£H~MJ'
Much Work Ahead for Indigenous Historians
here are few texts in which indigenous voices speak
for themselves. This historiography srill needs to be
wriuen by both men and women of Abya Yala. Until
today our histO\Y has been oral. Generally, our voices have
been recorded in colonial languages, which in effect. are
translations. Our own literature, should be caustic, in
regard to those texts which have relegated us to being
objws of study. Maybe those who objectify us forget that
we can read their accounts. Here is a sample of three
relevam texts: Tlte Elder Brothers: A lose South Anwican
People and rheir· Wisdom (1990) by Alan Ereira; War of
Slraclows( 1991) by Michael Brown and Eduardo Femandez;
Indigenous Voices (1992) b)•Roger Mood)•. In contraposirion,
we can t!nd texts (e.g., Taraqu written by the A)•mara
historian Carlos Mamani Condon in 1991) that have been
written by indigenous people themselves. presenting a

T

Ntwsfrom

NATIVE CALIFORNIA
''An ins"id_ view of the Califomia fndian world•
e
A unique quarterly magazine devoted to Indian people of
California, Ncwf. /reM Native California contains anicl~ on
social, environmental, and political issues written by Na·

tivc Californians and those close to the California Indian
community. As a special service, Nnosfrom Natiw California
would like w ofrcr a special rate on new subscriptions: one
year (fou r issues) for $12.50 (or $22.00 outSide the U.S.).
To take advantAge of this offer, send your name, mailing
addre$S, phone number, and a check for$12.50 (or $22.00
in U.S. ctln'C()C)', check, or money order issued by a U.S.
bank) to' News fro,. Naffvt Cnlifornia, P.O. Box 91 45, Berkeley, CA 94709. fo r more infom&gt;
3tion, call (510) 849-0177.

Vo1.8No. l &amp;2

different voice.
Ereira's book is a good example of "colonial anguish".
We do not believe that indigenous peoples' stntgglescan be
understood until colonial attitudes are abandoned when
facing indigenous cultures. In his account. Ereira "be·
comes' rhe spokesperson for the Kogi people of the Sierra
of Santa Mana in Colombia. In very few pages can we hear
tl1c Kogi's own voices. Instead, the author-historian basically presents his own saga which coincides with those of
the Kogi. who are a living example of what Europe and the
United States call 'ecological susrainability'. This book
does, however, illustrate the constant threats experienced
by the Kogi, and their efforts ro live ham1oniously with

naLure.
Michael Brown and Eduardo Fernandez's book documents the guerrilla phenomenon in f&gt;en•. describing the
Ashaninka Indigenous tribe's experiences as they struggle
to win a fight that is not theirs. The heroes in this account
are the guerrillas and the authors themselves. The
Ashaninkas' voices arc barely heard throughout the book.
The text should be considered as a history of the sixties and
seventies of Pert&gt;, but not of the Ashaninkas, except as
victims of the political left and right, the missionaries, the
government and the armed forces.
Moody's Indigenous Voices is a collection of indigenous
texts. Moody takes advantage of the demands published by
Indigenous leaders in the Working Group of the United
Nations, and decided to compile them into a book. Moody's
project is highly questionable given that the texts printed
were all produced by indigenous nations, yet there is not a
single instance in the book in which the Indigenous con·
tribmors were invited ro participate in the editing process.
In a world where publications are the equivalent of business
cards. indigenous peoples are once again objects of the text,
rather than subjects capable of articulating our own ideas.
In contrast to the above texts is Mamani Condori's
Taraqu, which is one of the first texts produced by an
Aymara historian. He sraned by studying docurnems
related to rheAymara territories. In an eloquent job. Tar(J{p'
presents the Aymaras' voices. who are thus the text1S ultimate owners. This text shows more than ever, that it is
imperative for the nation-stares ro recognize the Aymara as
the legimitare caretakers of their territory and halt the
abusesdirectedagainsrthem. Mamani Condori is a member
of the Andean Oral History Workshop in Chuquiyawu,
Kollasuyo. in Bolivia. 'I!)
39

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          <element elementId="269">
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              <elementText elementTextId="25626">
                <text>English</text>
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            <description/>
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                <text>Though there are histories and stories written about indigenous peoples, rarely do those stories place the indigenous groups at the forefront, rather favoring the outsider's encounter with and reaction to the people. The author reviews two books about indigenous people written in a colonial manner and a counterpoint of a book written about the Aymara written by an Aymara historian.</text>
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                <text>abya yala p39.pdf</text>
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        <name>Aymara</name>
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        <name>Indigenous histories</name>
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                    <text>GUATEMALA

lxiiWoman
Returns Home

The Januruy 20th return was the first
organiZed and negotiated by the Permanent
CommiSSion (CCPP) wh ich represents the
refugees. The CCPP finally reached an agreement with the Guatemalan government on
October 8. 1992 which determined the terms
of the return. Including credits for the purchaseofland. exemptionfrommllltruyservlce
for three years and the establlshment of a
Vei1flcationCounctl. OnMarch29thePermanent CommiSSion ISsued an Operattve Plan
for five more returns between May and August of this year of a total of 1,619 famllles or
8.147 lndMduals who wJll go to the Ixcan.
Varillas and Nent6n.
The prtmruy obstacle to the refugees·
safe and dtgnJfied resettlement IS the htgh
level of mllltanzation In the countryside. The
army maintains bases In the resettlement
areas and has carrted out several attacks
against the neighboring Communities oCPopulations 1n ResiStance (CPR). The CPR are
nomad communities In remote jungle areas
who have chosen not to seek refuge In Mexico
despite a decade of repression.
The army considers the CPR to be
supporters of the Guen111as and wants to
prevent any contact between the CPR and the
returnees. who It considers subversive. Since
the first return, the army has destroyed CPR
vtJJages and forced the communities across
the border Into Mexico. The people are then
prevented from returning by mines planted
along the border. In general the army has
been mining the whole regton to Inhibit free
movement of the CPR and of the returnees.
Source: Peace Brigades lnternllliono.l. Processo
Jnterno.tionol. Noticios de Guatetno.la, East Bay
Sonctuary Coveno.nt
Vol 7 Num 1 8c 2

We are coming from Mexico. We are
from the Ixcfln. from Salc6n. When I left the
Ixcan there were some problems with the
army. They burned my house. my whole
house. my clothes. I was left naked.
After much sacz1flce I now have a Uttle
bit ofclothing. My husband died and I became
a widow. My son stayed behind with the
soldiers. After my husband died I was able
with much sacz1flce to raise my youngest son.
All my an.tma1s s tayed behind. My
h ouse was burned. I CIY from such pain. I wJll
dte of sorrow with such suffering. I am not
content. I am Cl)'tng.
But now there IS a uttle bit of hope.
Things are a little better. I thank Mexico for
gtvtng us refuge. But now I am going back to
my village. where my land Is, where I have my
land. I amgolngbacktollvelnmyv!llage. with
my people, afterUvlnglnthecampslnMexico.
The Mexicans charged us rent. But
nowiamgolngbacktomyland.lnGuatemala
I have my land. my v!llage. my country. I am
going to my country. We will all have to Oght
to rebuUd ourv!llage. We have always had to
flght and It wJll be no different now.
We left because
we wanted to, and we
are going back because
we want to. the whole
v!llage. the whole community. The people are
golngbacknow because
we didn't want to stay In
Mexico. The whole communltytsgolngbecause
we want to and we are
organl7.ed.
Right now my
heart ts happy because
I am returning to my
v!llage.
Source: PBJ

"R
ight OOW my
heart is happy
because I am
returning to my
village"

differtnliiCw"

29

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                    <text>INDIGENOUS WOMEN OF MEXICO
10 YEARS LATER
(Mexico) 1k follt1Wing uns wrillm by the Unum of
Yalalttat Women in Oaxaca and sent to SAITC by Juana
Vasquez.
Indigenous peoples of Oaxaca and of Mexico have
struggled to maintain a certain degree of community sclf·
dctcnnination.1hisgivesusdignityas men and women
and protect us from the usurpation of our territories, and
gives us the possibility to control our own destinies.
None can deny that, in almost 500 years of exploitation and constant oppression, that which is unique to
indigenous communities has been almost erased and
buried forever. 1his has happened not only in Oaxaca, but
in all the Americas. Nevertheless, our enemies have failed.
As we near the end of the 20th century, we Indian people
arc regaining the strength and courage to defend and
reclaim our dignity and identity.

programs and regulations on indigenous communities.
Zapoteca women ofYalalag arc not indifferent to
all these problems. We arc Involved in the enduring task of
searching for solutions. We have woven our own history
and oontinue weaving it, impregnated by great ideals
which arc nurtured by life's daily events and with strong
effort and sac:rifice.
The Incorporation of Yalalteca women Into the
political struggle was significant. We have been participat·
ing quietly and humbly. On December 24,1980, for the first
time in the history of our oommunity, more than 400
women bega. to consciously and vociferously participate in
n
the struggle for community self-determination. We formed
our own system of defense: The Union of Yalalteca Women.

On De&lt;:ember31, 1981, the union participated in
occupying the Municipal Palace, in order to pressure the
government into fulfilling certain promises to our oommunities.

In Mexico, we indigenous women arc still suffer.
ing the consequences of 500 years of oolonialism, of
economic exploitation, cultural domination,
marginalization a.n d social discrimination. We arc ronfronting a strong power structure, maintained by men who
hunger for gold, and who transform their will into laws,
which makes justice into a business. As a consequence of
this, many of our women and children arc the victims
when we arc deprived of our rights to own land, the usc of
our forests and mines, our indigenous systems of justice,
education, health and communication.

In 1981, the union participated actively in political
negotiations. In our first mass mobilization, most of our
people journeyed first to the city of Oaxaca and then on to
Mexico Oty. 1his helped us to overcome our fear of the
authorities. It was at this time that we realiud that we were
facing not only local leaders, but also the official party,
corrupt politicians and others in government. We recognized that we have to fight against many enemies.

We indigenous women have survived due to the
strong, sacred tradition which is our heritage passed on
from our ancestors. The Zapoteca women of Yalalag have a
system lcnown as El Tcquio, the center of all oommunity
traditions, in which women, men, children and the elderly
p.1rticipate... Unfortunately, politicians have institutionalIzed the Tequio as a strategy to impose government

In order to consolidate the process of democratic
struggle, one of our first actions was to take control of our
schools. Education in indigenous towns is linked to productive work. We introduced programs to study our language,
culture and traditional production in order to become more
self-sufficient. We became more conscious of our own
history. For these purposes we created a Community

40

SAIIC Newsletter

�Development Project .
After ten years, we have democratically elected
municipal authorities, the community of Yalalag is achiev·
ing its goals, and we are all participating.
After examining these long and hard struggles the
Yalalteca women have endured, we know that indigenous
women can contribute greatly to transfonn the economic,
political, religious and cultural conditions of our society.
'This is our contribution to our future generations.
We have reflected upon our situation and have
concluded that as women we are living in a very important
period in history because we have begun to re-&lt;?valuate our
indigenous cultures and reclaim our rights to preserve and
develop them. In Oaxaca., with the spiritual strength of
Centeol (the Com Goddess), and of our ancestors we are reevaluating indigenous philosophy.
We undersland and share feeling$ with other
communities of the world which are struggling for popular
freedom and women's liberation.
Sadly, life for women in Oaxaca and Mexico is
hard, bitter and tragic, but this does not mean that we
indigenous peoples have lost the struggle. In fact, in the last
500 years, we have lost many battles, however we are
privileged in that the roots of our community traditions go
very deep and are sprouting. It is this spiritual strength
which helps men and women to search for our true Iibera·
lion.
We are concerned that certain Indian leaders,
involved with organizations at the international level are
not adequately representing our communities. We indig·
enous women must avoid supporting representatives
which are based on personal interest We propose overhaul·
ing these international organizations so that they be of use
to our indigenous communities.
To conclude, we indigenous women have a long
and difficult road to follow, it is a rough path because we
are immersed in alien economic and political structures.

For the respect to self-determination of indigenous
peoples,
For the dignity of indigenous women,
For the SQ/idarity of indigenous women all over the
world.
Juana Vasquez Vasquez of the Union of Yololteco
Women,Ooxoco, Mexico .

Indigenous Women of El Salvador
Demand Respect for Human Rights
and the Mother Earth
(EI Salvador) The following u.zs presented by Rosa
Leticia Caceres, the representative fr()tll the National Association
of Indigenous People of El Salvador (ANIS) to the First South and
Central American Indian Women's Gathering in Peru.
We, the indigenous peoples, are suffering most
from the lack of justice in our land. Not only is there a
failure in the administration of justice, but we are a.lso
threatened with guns and with beatings. We believe
human rights abuses signify the gnawing away of our
rights as established in the Constitution, since these rights
are violated day after day, not only by the anny and the
government but also by others who limit our ability to
defend our most sacred individual rights. We continue to
demand that the govemrnent and the FMlN observe the
rights of each and every one of us and respect the rights of
indigenous peoples as human beings.
We, the Nahuat, Lenca and Mayan indigenous
peoples, demand respect from the anny, the goverrunent
and all other sectors of our society since we are the ones
who nurture and cultivate the earth; we work the land with
our own hands, and as women, we are the ones who carry
our products to the markets to be sold.
The social problems we confront today began for
Indian people in 1492, with the Spanish invasion. They
came to divide us, to rob us of our culture and our beliefs;
they created borders when they had no right to do so
because the land belongs to us, the Indians, now and
forever. They divided us and imposed their own habits and
life-styles.
'
It is the indigendus people who carry the burden of
the economic crisis that our counll)' is experiencing. We
know that all aid has been spent on bullets and ammunition
and that a large part of the national budget is invested in
the anned forces instead of being directed towards helping
the poorest of the poor· namely, the indigenous people of
the country.
We are also concerned by the increase in the price
of basic grains and other general goods as a result of the
devaluation of our currency.
We are struggling for the respect, conservation and
protection of natural resources. 'This arises from an attitude
of respect for nature such as that which we, the indigenous
peoples, hold. Instead of destroying nature, we respect it.

The year 1492 for us marks the beginning of our
persecution as Indians, the beginning of the invasion of our
culture and of our Mother Earth. In response, we say: an
end to the repression against the indigenous people of I;l
Salvador! 500 years of death represent 500 years of resistance, and today we, the indigenous peoples, are here with
greater presence and strength.

Vol6 Nos 1&amp;2

41

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                <text>The women of Mexico still fight colonial oppression.</text>
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        <name>Oaxaca</name>
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                    <text>GUATEMALA

Guatemalan Refugees Return
On January 20. after more than ten
years of suffertng In exile. h aving lost their
land and their loved ones, 507 Guatemalan
families returned to their natlve land from
Mexico. AmJdst laughter and tears. 21.480
refugees. young and old, crossed the border1n
67 buses to start anew and recapture what
was lost at the beglnnlng of the last decade.
Afteranelgllt-hourtrlpfromComltrul,
Chlapas. Mexico. the refugees arrived at
Huehuetenangoat3p.m .. carryingthelrmost
precious belongings on their backs. They
were receiVed by governmental and non-governmental agenctes at a recepUon center prepared by the Spec1al Commlsslon on Refugee
AffairS [CEAR). The toll of liVIng In exile could
be seen In the children, who are the same
heJght as other Guatemalan children of the
same age, but are much thinner. The refugees
stayed In Huehuetenango untU Saturday,
Jan. 23. and from there conUnued theirjourney toward the capital.
In the capital, the ex-refugees staged
a rally In the city's central park and then went

28

on to Coban In Alta Verapaz. They stayed for
a few days 1n Coban before boarding covered
trucks that took them to Poligono 14, the ctte
In the Ixcan regJon designated for their resettlement. About 400 of them left Coban In
the first caravan of trucks and, after travellng
two days With an ovem.Jgllt stop In the town of
Chlsec, theyarrtved lnCantabal,just a couple
of hours away from Poligono 14. They stayed
ovemightlnCantabaland. thefollowmgmornlng. the truckscarrted them to With In walking
distance of their n ew home.
Walklngthelastlegofthej ourney. the
refugees carried. In addition to their children.
cooking utensils and tools they would need to
seed and prepare the new land for resettlement. For those who couldn't make the journey by truck, such as the til, the elderly, small
children and pregnant women, the governments of France and England provided small
planes to transport them.
Thousands ofmostly Indigenous refu·
gees fled In the early 1980s to escape the
army's scorched earth tacUcs and massacres.
Abya Yala News

�GUATEMALA

lxiiWoman
Returns Home

The Januruy 20th return was the first
organiZed and negotiated by the Permanent
CommiSSion (CCPP) wh ich represents the
refugees. The CCPP finally reached an agreement with the Guatemalan government on
October 8. 1992 which determined the terms
of the return. Including credits for the purchaseofland. exemptionfrommllltruyservlce
for three years and the establlshment of a
Vei1flcationCounctl. OnMarch29thePermanent CommiSSion ISsued an Operattve Plan
for five more returns between May and August of this year of a total of 1,619 famllles or
8.147 lndMduals who wJll go to the Ixcan.
Varillas and Nent6n.
The prtmruy obstacle to the refugees·
safe and dtgnJfied resettlement IS the htgh
level of mllltanzation In the countryside. The
army maintains bases In the resettlement
areas and has carrted out several attacks
against the neighboring Communities oCPopulations 1n ResiStance (CPR). The CPR are
nomad communities In remote jungle areas
who have chosen not to seek refuge In Mexico
despite a decade of repression.
The army considers the CPR to be
supporters of the Guen111as and wants to
prevent any contact between the CPR and the
returnees. who It considers subversive. Since
the first return, the army has destroyed CPR
vtJJages and forced the communities across
the border Into Mexico. The people are then
prevented from returning by mines planted
along the border. In general the army has
been mining the whole regton to Inhibit free
movement of the CPR and of the returnees.
Source: Peace Brigades lnternllliono.l. Processo
Jnterno.tionol. Noticios de Guatetno.la, East Bay
Sonctuary Coveno.nt
Vol 7 Num 1 8c 2

We are coming from Mexico. We are
from the Ixcfln. from Salc6n. When I left the
Ixcan there were some problems with the
army. They burned my house. my whole
house. my clothes. I was left naked.
After much sacz1flce I now have a Uttle
bit ofclothing. My husband died and I became
a widow. My son stayed behind with the
soldiers. After my husband died I was able
with much sacz1flce to raise my youngest son.
All my an.tma1s s tayed behind. My
h ouse was burned. I CIY from such pain. I wJll
dte of sorrow with such suffering. I am not
content. I am Cl)'tng.
But now there IS a uttle bit of hope.
Things are a little better. I thank Mexico for
gtvtng us refuge. But now I am going back to
my village. where my land Is, where I have my
land. I amgolngbacktollvelnmyv!llage. with
my people, afterUvlnglnthecampslnMexico.
The Mexicans charged us rent. But
nowiamgolngbacktomyland.lnGuatemala
I have my land. my v!llage. my country. I am
going to my country. We will all have to Oght
to rebuUd ourv!llage. We have always had to
flght and It wJll be no different now.
We left because
we wanted to, and we
are going back because
we want to. the whole
v!llage. the whole community. The people are
golngbacknow because
we didn't want to stay In
Mexico. The whole communltytsgolngbecause
we want to and we are
organl7.ed.
Right now my
heart ts happy because
I am returning to my
v!llage.
Source: PBJ

"R
ight OOW my
heart is happy
because I am
returning to my
village"

differtnliiCw"

29

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                    <text>URGENT ACT IONS

State of Emergency
Declared in Ecuador:
Reports of I 5 Indigenous Activists Killed
cuadorian President SLxto Duran-Ballen declared a
State of Emergency on june 21 and the following day
gave the militmy sweeping powers to •restore order•
throughout the country. Indigenous organizations led by
the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
(CONAIE) are blockading roads and demonstnning to
demand the govemmem revoke the new agricultural development law. The military has surrounded CONAIE offices
and are seeking arrest of the organization's leaders who are
now in hiding. Increased repression is feared.
The Ecuadorian government ignored repeated calls by
CONAJE and popular organizations for national consultations on proposed agricultural bills. Instead it swiftly
approved new legislation on june 13. President DuranBallen claims the new law will modernize the country's
agricultural sector. Indigenous organizations called the law
unconstitutional, stating that it will destroy their agricultural economy, threaten Indigenous systems of land tenure,
and drive thousands to immigrate to city slums in search of
work. Today. the country's constitutional court ruled the
new law to be unconstitutional. but observers think the
government may ignore this ruling.
CONAIE organized a massive "Mobilization for Life' to
demand the law be revoked. The mobil.ization has nearly
paralyzed nine of 21 Ecuadorian provinces. This is the
fourth nationwide mobili.zation led by CONAIE since the
well-known Indian uprising in 1990. In a gesture that was
both symbolic and concrete, CONAIE has stalled the flow
of agricultural goods to several cities. The govemmem
Stated that three year sentences would be given to those
protesters who disobe)'ed the state of emergency. CONAl E
responded, "The decision of our grassroots is to remain
where they are until the law is repeated. If all the
dimensions of the conOict are taken into account, the
imposition of a state of emergenC)' is a virtual declaration
of war against the Indigenous people and the majority of
the country.•

E

38

Five Indigenous protesters have been killed in the highlands, and there are unconflm1cd reports that 10 people
were killed by police while peacefully blocking a road to an
oil well in Lago Agrio in the t\mazon. The number of those
injured and detained is unknown. A radio station in
Latacunga belonging to the Catholic Church was occupied
and ransacked by security forces. and one of the staff
detained. Protesters have been harassed and threatened for
the last two weeks. and tensions are extremely high.
On june 20. after two weeks of protest, the government
invited Indigenous organizations to negotiations. but broke
off talks the next day. lndigenot\S organizations demand
that the agricultural law be revoked before negotiating the
shape of new legislation. The government would agree only
to modifying the new law. CONAIE and the environmental
group Accion Ecologica point out that the new law promotes privatization of communal properties, fails to recognize Indigenous systems and concepts of land tenure as
legitimate, and will promote agroindustry and livestock
grazingat the ex-pense of small farmers who now account for
75% of the country's agricultural production. -t
Please send lettet'S to President Duran BaUen urging
the Ecuadorian governmem to negotiate a peaceful
resolution to tbe conflict, tO immediately halt repression directed against CONAIE and other Indigenous
groups and to respect Indigenous organizations' just
demands.
Sixto Duran Ballen. Presidente del Ecuador. Palacio
Presic!encial. Carcia Moreno. 1043, Quito-Ecuador
Fax: (593-2) 580 73.5
with copies to:
Luis Macas, Presidenrc CONAIE, Av. Granados 2553,
Casilla 17-17-1235, Quiro-Ecua&lt;li&gt;r Fax: (593-2) 442271
!'Wya Yala News

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                    <text>I~DIGE~OUS

LEADER

TORTUREDI~IMBABURA
(&amp;:uador) On june 11, 1991, J* Maria Cabascango, 28 year old human rigllts
secrc!ary of CONArE (lhe Confederation of illdigenous Nationalities of Ecuador), was
detained by the army while travelling by car during a tour of local indigenous communi·
ties. He and others travelling with him were transferred to the Ecuadorian investigative
police office in Ibarra. Cabascango was held until june 13 and was subjc&lt;:tcd to torture,
including bci11g hung from the thumbs, blows to the ears, mock executions and death
threats.
During the last few years, there have been numerous land con!licts in the prov·
ince of lmbabura involving indigenous communities and large landownCf'S, some of
which have resulted in the expulsion of these communities from land on which they were
living. A large number of paramilita.ry groups have eme.ged in the area and appear to act
against the Indian communities, either in combined operations with the army or police or
with the acquicsccnre of the government. Tile killing, torture and harassment of many
community mcmbCf'S and leaders have been committed by these groups. For example, on
December 19, 1990, Indian leader Julio Cabascango (not related to J* Maria) was kilkd,
apparently by a paramilitary group. Tile government initiated an inquiry and detained
two people (one of whom escaped) believed to be responsible for the murder. illdian
leaders are requesting not only that those responsible for the shooting be brougllt to trial
but also those on whose behalf they acted.
On june 11, the Indian communities of the province of lmbabura declared a 48
hour strike. Such strikes usually involve road blocks but are non-violent in tactics and are
usually supported by the local church, student unions and other o.ganlzations, as in this
case. During the two day strike, 17 indigenous people, including )OS(! Marla Cabascango
were detained, and about 12 others injured, reportedly by members of security forces.
Tile purpose of the strike was to request the intervention of the state into the land
con!licts that affect Indian communities; to request the disbanding of paramilitary groups;
to request the bringing to justice of those responsible for the 1990 killing of Indian leader
julio Cabascango; to request govcmmcnt investment in the region's infrastructure; and to
request assistance for the growing problem of cholera in the area.
Soun:t: AmiUSty /ntmwlionlll

Please write to the Ecuodoreon authorities:
·expressing concern ot the reported torture of Indian leader Jose Mario
Coboscongo,
·noting thot torture is forbidden under Ecuodoreon legislotion and thot
Ecuodor hos also ratified internotionol treaties that oppose its use,
including the UN Convention Against Torture and o ther Cruel, Inhuman
and Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
·asking foro full and importiol inquiry into the ollegotions of torture, that
the nature of the findings be mode public and, should the allegations be
sustained, thot those responsible be brought to justice.
Write to:
Dr. Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
Presidente de lo Republica
Palacio del Gobierno
Garcia No reno 1043
Quito, ECUADOR
12

SAIIC Newsletter

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                    <text>SAIIC ACTIVITIES

A Word From SAnc•s Board, Staff and
Volunteers
BegtnnJng wWt thJs cssue. we are tnau·

gura.ttng two new sectttms ofour newsletter. In
thJs column. we would like to offer you news
aboutSAHC. and someoftheman.y actiJJ/tfes In
which our board members are engosed.
SADC has been In exiStence now for
ten years. The decade ends thls year. which
the United Nations has declared the "Year of
the World's Indigenous Peoples". Along with
many other Indlgenous peoples. o.garuzations. and their allJes throughout the contl·
nent, SADC's goal In 1992 was to ratse public
awareness of what Colwnbus' "discovery"
meant. and continues to mean, to the 45
mJliJon Indigenous people throughout the
continent.
Yet our work has always had a longterm focus. as the struggle for Indigenous
self-determlnaUoniSongotng. In 1993, weare
looking forward to the Second Continental
Encounteroflndlgenous Nations and Organizations (see article page 8). as well as taktng
the time. after a decade of o.gantztng. to
engage In a process of self-assessment. o.ganl7.ational development. and strategiC planrung In relation to the current situation of
Indigenous people today.
Changes are taktng place lntemally
as we look ahead toward the next ten years
and- SAIIC's role In the work ahead . Isidro
Garcia. Quechua from Ecuador and SADC's
accountant, IS working closely with Kimberly
Rosa. the new development coordlnator and
Daniela Spiwak, the new office manager. to
Improve our Internal structures In order to
address the Increase In demand for lnforma-

38

tion and enlarged scope of our networking
activities. Jim Freeman IS coordlnating the
production of the SADC newsletter. renamed
Abya YalaNewsasofthlsiSSuelnhonorofthe
name given by the Kuna people of Panama to
thls continent. And Rosa Alegria IS coordlnat•
tng SAIIC's growing volunteer base and ed.lt·
tng Notldas de Abya Yala. the Spanish version of Abya Yala News.
The SADC Women's PrOject IS happy
to announce the publication of Daughters of
Abya Yala. thenewestSADCpubllcatlon.Any
assiStance In marketing the book IS welcome.
so Ifyou know of any bookstores In your area
that may be Interested Incarrying it. please let
us (and them) know.
SAIIC's board members continue to
partiCipate 1n many events and actiVIties of
note. Xlhuanel Huerta has been working with
the Public Media Center In order to develop a
campaign for Increasing SADC's v!Sibillty.
Wara Alderete and Gina Pacaldo will be attendlng the National Conference of Indigenous Women In BoliVIa, June 21-23.
GuUiermo Delgado will be representIng SAIIC at the European Conference on
lndlan Questions. taktng place In Norway
July 14-17. He will be offertng a workshop
there on the networking actlv!ty oflndlgenous
peoples of the American continent. He will
subsequently be attendlng the U.N.'s WorkIng Group on Indigenous Populations In
Geneva. July 19-30. at whiCh meeting we
hope the final Declaration of Principles and
Rights of Indigenous Peoples will be approved
(see article page 5).
Abya Yala News

�SAIIC ACTIVITIES

Letters
From
Our
Readers
NUo Cayuqueo represented SAIIC at
the meeting of the Continental Caordlnat.lng
Commission 1n Mexlco.ln preparation for the
Second Continental Encounter. NUowas also
present at the United Nations Development
Project meeting In New York on AprU 23rd. to
dlscusslntellectuaJ property rtghts In relation
to Indigenous peoples. NUo and Wara were
both present at the Indigenous health Confer·
ence In Canada (see article page 11).
Carlos MaJbeth IS working with NUo
on the Spanish language radlo program which
SADC broadcasts through community radio
stations in South and MesoAmerica. LucUene
ura Whitesell and her husband Ted have
moved to WISCOnsin. where Ted wtU be teach·
~ngGeogJaphyattheUn!versltyorwiSCOnstn.

Good luck to both of them.
AveryspeclalthanksiS!nordertoone
of our most tireless volunteers. Billy R Trice.
Jr.. who has been faithfully providing us with
much·necded office assiStance on a regular
basiS.
Just as many other people and non·
proOt organll'
A~tions. we are currently facing
dllllcult economic circumstances. While we
arelaokll'lgforwardtotheprospectsforchange
and bnprovement In the situation of lndlg·
enous people world-wide. there IS much work
that needs to be done. (And aU of our office
s ta.fl' mentioned earner only adds up to the
equivalent of 3 paid fuU-Ume positions.) As
always. any conlr!butions of ume, expertiSe.
matertals. and/or money are gratefully ap·
prectated. as are your feedback and responses
to our work.

Vol 7 Hum 1 &amp; 2

In future i55ues we would like to
devote port of lhis se&lt;tion to printing some
feedbock from you, our reoders. We are
eopecially interested in any news of your
own work on behalf of Indigenous peoples,
ond if you have found the information here
useful for that end.
·
We are also open to any ather
feedbock or information you would like to
send us, and look forward to printing as
much of the material that we receive as
possible. So, thanks again for your support,
and looking forward to hearing from yaul

SAIIC's Statement of
Purpose
SAIIC's aim Is to p ro mote peace, social justice
and the full partlclpatlon of Indian people In
decision making processes affecting their lives.
To this end SAIIC p ursues the following goals:
0 To provide Information to the people In the u.s. and the
International communl\y about the struggles of South
and Meso Amertcan Indian people for self-determination.
human rtghts. and protection of the envtronment.
0 To facllltate direct communication. cultural and sptrttuaJ
exchange between NatNeAmertcan people of the contl·
nent:
0 To facUitate access to lntemaUonaJ resources by providing
lnfonnatlon and technical assiStance to South and Meso
American Indian orgaruzatlons and communities:
0 To promote and develop the organization of Indian women
at the local. naUonaJ and International levels and to
support thetr full parUclpaUon In deciSion maJcll'lg processes that a.fl'ect their l.tires and the well-being of their
chUdren:
0 To communiCate the Indigenous perspective to pollcy and
funding lnStltuUons whose work aJTects Indigenous
people.
·

39

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              <elementText elementTextId="25739">
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                    <text>La Pachamama - Artful Resistance
{Argentina) One fonn of resistance and organization in the Calchaqul valley is
based on the production of crafts. The Supply Cooperative for Regional Artesans, '1.a
Pachamama;' has as its objective the !WOgnition of the technical and economic value of
artesanry.

Our craft cooperrztive u.zs fonned in 1986. At that time we didn't know anything about what it
meant to fonn a cooperrztive, we simply felt it necessary to join together. In reality, we already were
working together. Our sJwp had existed for more than 15 years, and people used to rome together
here in order to display thdr products. When we began tlllking about fonning a cooperrzlive, the
objective u.zs to turn artesanry into a means ofmaking a living. There are many artesans wha
cannot work because the necessary materiJlls don't exist.
We try to preserve what is autochthonous to our region. All of the artesans are local, from neighboring areas. Our artesanry consists primarily of weavings, but we also work with baskets made of
"simbol" and "poleo" (local plants), and wood and leather, and there are also severrzl potters. We use
traditional techruques and naturrzl dyes. All kinds ofweavings are made: tapestries, ponchos,
blankets, "puyos" (ponchos woven with thick wool), carpets, pullauers, stoclOngs and shawls.
W"'""" w«ving a Calchoqlli shawl.

This legacy of our ancestors is something that we don't want to lose. They didn't know ofsyntlrdic
dyes. They wove with the materials they had at hand, and this is
what we want to preserve. Natural dyes are very consistent and
chellper too.

Locally, we are der&gt;eloping a plan to supply the materials needed
for the creation of our crafts. We have bought mw materials, wool,
and looms. We have 42 members. We have grown considerrzbly.
The main problem right now is commercialization, because we
still don't have a market. At the present lime weare only selling
locally. What we would like to be able to do is, for example, to go
to expositions, to go to other areas in order to sell our things.
(Josefa Balderrama, President; Rumaldo Olivar, Secretary)

If you would like to support *La PochomomoM Cooperative by purchasing Orle$0nry, inviting its members to on
exposition, offering training or consulting in marketing
techniques you con contact:
Cooperative Pochomomo
Ruta 307 Km 118, Amaicho del Valle
4137 Tucum6n, Argentino
Two children in El Paso, Argentina.

SAJIC Ploolo

EL PASO ISSUES
PLEA FOR ASSISTANCE
(Argentino) The surviyol of the Colchoqui community of
El Po$0 is seriously threatened by a lock of water. Community
members hove requested financial help in order to construct o
well which would supply various communities of the oreo. The
cost is $25,000. If you hove information about possible finonciol sources, please contact:
Lucio Pachoo/Froncisco Choile
Comunidad de El Paso, Fuerle Quemado
4141 Catamarca, Argentino
Vol6 Nos 1&amp;2

7

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                    <text>URGE NT ACTIONS

Emergency Support Needed!
Paez People left Homeless, Injured, Orphaned
by Earthquake in Southwestern Colombia
ighteen Indigenous communi
tics disappeared beneath tons of
mud and rock after a massive
earthquake registering 6.3 on the Richter scale struck northern Colombia's
remote Cauca region which is inhabited primarily by Indigenous people.
The quake struck on june 6, with its
epicenter close to the town of Toribio,
releasing a series of debris slides and
flooding of the Paez and Moros rivers.
The list of dead, disappeared and injured grows daily. Indigenous organizations report that government aid to
the sun~vors has been slow and totally
insufficient, and that many injured have
not received treatment and that people
are dying from infection . Official calculations.acknowledge857 deathsand
close to 15,000 injured, but there is no
precise information on the number of
victims or the conditions or the survivors. A leader of the Vi taco Indigenous

E

reserve site of a major avalanche,

claimed that at least half of the 4,000
Indigenous inhabitants ofthis locality
had been buried.
The National System for Prevention
and Attention to Disasters announced
that •given the magnitude or the quake'
aftershocks, new rock slides could fall
from the Nevado del liuila (mountains! which could cause increases in
the Paez river's levels." In turn this
could result in the flooding of more
communities. On the 9 of june. the
affected communities were again panVoi. SNo. l &amp;2

icked by tremors with intensities vary- diction within the disaster area.
ing from 4.0 to4.8on the Richter scale.
Emergency aid provided by ColomONIC's Executive Committee
bians and international organizations
and theRegional lndigenousCounhas been essential in sa'~ng hundreds
cil of Cauca (CRIC) is urgently
international aid and solidarity. ln
of unprotected Indigenous people's
order to send information regardlives. However, the National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
ing the possibilities for support in
this state of emergency communi(ON IC) calls for individuals and agencies to take into account, not only the
cate with CRIC at Fax: 928immediate situation, but also the com233893.
munities future. or particular conDonations can be s ent directly
cern has been a campaign, promoted
by portions of the national press, for
to the ONIC bank account in
the adoption of Indigenous children
Colombia:
by people outside the region . This is an
attack on the autonomy for which InBANCO DE BOGOTA, Cuenca No.
digenous communities have struggled
051-06327-9, DAMNIFICADOS
for years. Additionally, ONIC is conINDIGENAS DEL CAUCA-ONIC.
cerned with the process of resettling
those who have been displaced from
Or in the US, to:
their land, stating, "land isn't just a
material element, but the essence or
ABYA YALA FUND.
their cultures".
c/o Tides Foundarion,
Its recovery has cost many lives, as well
DAMNIFICADOS INDIGENAS
as much pain and suffering. Now, the
DEL CAUCA-Colombia, 1388
displaced people find themselves set
Surrer Sr. JO floor, San Francisco
back to step one. Delimitation or new
CA 94109
Indigenous reserves is urgently needed.
Its also critical to urge governments
who are supplying aid that these funds
be channeled through Indigenous organizations in a way that establishes a
true network of solidarity with the
affected communities. The Colombian
government has been slow to recognize Indigenous organizations juris-

37

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