17 12 1190 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/015d31066d3af5c035d674f8d0d84737.pdf 0c699642a854e7714b5a5e7321e21405 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Orlando Melguelro da SUva Bare. General Coordinator of the Council ofArticulation of Indlgenous Peoples and OrganiZations of Brazil. offers these obseJVations on how Indlgenou s rlgllts may be challenged under the 1993 Constitutional revision 1n Brazil: "Brazil 1s prepal1ng to revise Its constitution. Within this, questions affecting Indian people are Involved. prtnclpally when one speaks of mtneral wealth and natural resources found 1n Indian areas. All this 1s betng looked at with big eyes by large economic groups, which worries us. 'The new Indian statute will consider the proposals presented by IndJgenous people 1n Braslla at the end of Aprll of this year. Among the questions we are constdertng are the demarcation and self- demarcation ofour land, and the exploitation of mtnerai and hydroelectric resources. "''be military1s pressing conseJVatlve leglslators. and even some on the left. so that they favor the revision of already demarcated Indian lands. ThiS despite the fact that demarcating lands 1n the border regions 1s no risk to national security. and not even the Indianswant to construct Independent states. On the contraxy. Indigenous peoples also obey the constitution, and above all we want the Brazilian government to obey the constitution. -we are looking for alternatives among them. to form a stronger alllance belweenlnc1Jgenousorganl7-ationsthemselves, with popular movements. and with the legislators who are for the Indigenous cau se. We look to merge our forces so that IndJgenous proposals be considered. and so that the rlgllts which were guaranteed tn the 1988 constitution not be overturned." Source: Iriforme Jurdtoo - Address: ComlSsaoPr6Indlo de SCWPaulo. RuaM!nlStro Godoy 1484, Salas 56 e 57, CEP 05015 Perdlzes, Sdo Paulo SP, BrazU. Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova An alarmtngrate ofsuicides has been registered among the Guarant-KaJova of Brazil's Mato Grosso do Sui, caused by deSpalr at their estrangement from traditional lands and way of IJfe. According to the Indigents! MISsionary Council (CIMI) and the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). 20 Guarant-Katova hanged themselves 1n 1992. br!nglng the suicldestoaseven-yeartotaloflOO. Ofthe20 Vol7 Num 1 & 2 who died last year. 12 were under 20 years of age (See CIMI stausucs page 18). With most of their traditional territories still not demarcated, and their lands Invaded by ranchers. the Guarani are forced to seek work on sugarcane plantations and at alcohol plants. There. they are pald very little. and are not accorded benefits proscribed for workers under law. Source: lndigenist MissiorwyCouncil (CIMI) Contact CIMl for more info rmation: 505 - Edificio Venancio Ill, Sola 3 09/1 4, C.P~ 0 367 9 CEP 7 0.084-9 70 Brasilia, O.F. Br a z il 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Suicides Among the Guarani Kaiova Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Suicides Among the Guarani Kaiova Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 19 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note Trauma associated with the Guarani having been forced to leave their ancestral lands and lifestyle is thought to be the reason behind the recent trend in suicides in the community. Attachment Title Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] CIMI FUNAI Guarani suicide http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/2805f6587a42f299247e00ced45b87bb.pdf fb336b67b2b1479a9f095d6afac05344 PDF Text Text P ERSPECTIVES ON C HIAI$S C h::. .i: .a=t=;__:;;_;:....::::..... as--=--=-en _;_rrom T e m u co: -=--=-- . : p a s-----==- se-=-::..:.... :. . .;~ Interview with Aucan Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile. In theCityofTemuco in the heortofMopucheoncestrol territory. the Consejo de T odos los Tierros (All Lands Council} meets once a year. Their international Werken (messenger), Auc<in Huilcomon is charged with making known the denunciations, agreements and projects from the Mopuche Tribunal. He is also responsible for relations with other Indigenous peoples of the continent. Heis2 7years old and in hisfourth yearo(law school at the Autonomous UniversityofTemuco, he was also o congressionalcandidate in lost Deeemberselections. but didn't achieve o seot in the House. In the following interview he spoke regarding the situation in Chiop<JS. of the Mopuc/Je in Chile, and the continental Indian movement. by Ximena Ortuzar* How do the Mapuche evaluate wh~t happened in Chiapas this past january? -There nrc various points related to this action. Personally. and in general. I celebrate the Zapatlsta's courage. decisiveness and organizational capaclty which permitted them to prepare thetr uprising without being detected by the Mexican Intelligence apparatus. Th~l is remarkable. In addirion, (he Mapu· chc support all lndigellOUS peoples' struggles In defense of their legitimate rightS. I observe though. a huge spilt between the discourse and Ideology of (he continental Indigenous movement and what (heZapatisl.aSareproposing. In one of rneir points, they demand, 'More land for the Indigenous people.• l11is Is good, but insufficient. Eve:n if they give more lands. these will continue to be just fragmemsofthe l~rger landscape. The fundamental lndlg· enous problem in all or America Is that of territory. When the State distributes p~rcels or land. mey remain under its sovereignty. The central demand 18 should be territory, where Indigenous rights have clear legitimacy. You cannot attack the real problems or the Indigenous people of the comment if you do not approa.ch thiS Issue. manner wnh being human. and with our own nature, Our COJICi!ption is that the territory IS a physical space where the ~bpuche people should have control. pbannmg power and autonomy to e,'(ercise free self-determinarion. Land and Territory 1understand that ont or the 'Mapltche's What is the conceptual difference between l.a nd and territory? -Land is an individual concept relating a person to 11 specific plnce-person-propeny. whereas the con.cept of territory is collective and refers tO a group or people with a portion or coll.,ruvetand. Formelndtgenouspeoplc. the concept of territory holds dements of identity. or culture or a form or organization. I can give you an example; with us. the Mapuche, many of the trees that surround us have names like the names of our children. And when the huincn -white person cuts the trees, clearing the native forest, we (eel that our tdentity has been cut off. Territory is connected m a substantial princlp.'l muggles in these moments is precisely fot' lerritory. -Th~t'sright. That hasrneantcharges against us for 'Illicit association', and •failure before the law, morality and good customs• which :tlTectS l44 or us. We could go to jail. but this will not SlOp our decision to recover what be· lon~to us. And you mtss this conceptual element in the z.,patisro proposal. ·F(Om what ! know. yes. I sec also that they ask for Salinas de Gonari to resign. I bdleve that he could resign and that wouldn't solve the problem for Indigenous people in Mexico. In my opinion. this is a weakness in me proposal. because the basic question is Abya Yala News �P ERSPECTIVES ON CHIAPAS not of changing the president but or chttnglng the nature of the State. m order to achieve transformation thnt resmuns the State'sabsolutcdominion o"er the Indigenous people which Is exercised agait\St their will. In the Z:lpattStJI proclamations I don't see n questionmgofthestmctureofthtSt:~tc. Another point that seems curions to me is that the h1ghest visible lendcrlsn ":sub-commander~ ...\Vhen we meet in our Tribunal there is no pres1dem, or secretary or treasurer of the Mnpu· che comnmnit)'. rather we hMe a Lonko. Mnchi--origmal authoritiesThese posluons bnng together the m· stnutional strUcture and the JUridic concept of the community. And you find this important... -OcOnitel)•. yes. It is not a question of form. While you don't reinstate your own forms of organization as a weapon to oppose the fonns of tdco· logi(jll dommation that the State 1m· poses. you are fighting with your oppressor's wenpons and they arc not ours by na10re. How would you C'l'lain this situation in the case of Chiapas? -Asnccnnin amount of mcmul colo· nlzatlon. No one c.~n fail to recognitc the effort. the courage and the dcei$Wtnc~ Of the Z:lpatistas that rose Up in Chiapas. But i reiterate that in my judgement the proposal that we know Vol8No. 1 &2 the Indigenous people, but rather the form in which this wns implemented. If we travel through the province of Arauco we encounter barely five Mapuche communities. The rest arc villages close to cities. They applied colo-nial thinkmg. Historicall)•, the Council of the Indies- which was an organization designed tO organize the Indians according to the dominant concepts-it rocogmzed the Indigenous people's nght to orgnnizc in municipalities and gave them a structure !or this. With the agrarian refom1, the Mapuche were obligated tO Ji,•e in vii· las on lands awarded In a determined has holes in the area of Indigenous place. makmg thlsn population center rightS. They propose the need for that breaks with the concept of indijusucc which is impossible wh1le the ,·idual-lnnd that represents a human rightS of Indigenous people m Chiapas collecuvity In 1h1s nsJXct. I see in the to deCide their own future Is not rem- Zapalistas a conceptual weal..-ness. st:u~d. And this hapJXnS by reinstat· ing territory and chnng1ng tht struc· What do you anrlbu1e this to? -I don'1 exactly know. I believe that ture of the Stme. I also sec thnt they the Indigenous peoples In Mexico have sufficient instilutional s tructure aJld they s hould have employed 1his in Chiapas. I am certain that the Mapu· che would never have a sub-commander in a s1milar sttuation. We could ha'·ca Toqu1,anongmalauthor· hy. but never a copy. nn ass1mila11on. I want to clanfy that I don't intend to take away from what the Z:lpanstaS ha\'e done, butlt's my duty to say that I detect a ccnain strange inOuencc on the Indigenous people in these circumstances. \Vhat is the basis for your statement? -For the last six years, we ha,·e met periodicnlly w1th lnd•genous leaders of Me>dco,l know all of them. The last Aucan Huitcaman add1"1!ssing the UN 11me. I was In Onx3ro last October. World Conference on Human Rights They assume that theyareethnicgroups held in Vienna during June. 1993 and don't vtndicatr their existence as peoples or natiOn$. Ideological domipropose the need for~ ngr~rhtn reform nation has entered into their minds Jaw which is a concept distorted from and language. In M~xico, the Indian the essence of an indigenous commu- walks m the SlrcclS like a dominated nity. In Chile there was an agr:man being. des puc being part of the majorreform and we don't quesuon the ity. blolog.allysJXaking. They are not amount of lands that were returned to conscious of who they ;m:, This is 19 �P ERSPECT IVES O N (HI APAS explained by the fact that Mexico's government has implemented the most policies of assimilation against Indigenous people. Already in 1942 in the government of Lazaro Cardenas it was said, "We have 10 Mexicanize the Indians, and not to lndianize Mexico.". And they worked on the Indians with that purpose. Maybe the roots of the problem lie in the Conquest. .. -Without doubt, the Spanish crown had a strong influence on the Indigenous people that inhabited the territory that is now the Stale of Mexico. Today they are disarticulated, they cannot decipher their own writing. and this blocks their ability to reach. once again, their own scientific exp1analion of life,. The Indigenous trunk was cut and they are still in the process of reassembling themselves. While this process is incomplete, the consciousness. the commitment of being Indigenous will continue to fail, despite being the majority. Self-understanding as a person What does it mean to be cootmiued 10 being an Indigenous person> · It is not a specific contmiunent or political belief but rather a way of understanding yourself as a person . A good example of this is that in Mexico. there have been two Indian presidents: Benito JuArez and Porfirio Dfaz who governed for many years. Nevertheless, this did not mean any advantage for the Indians of Mexico. To be Indian in biological or racial tenus doesn't mean anything if the kind of commitment I was speaking about doesn't exist. In the meeting with Indigenous leaders of Mexico which )'OU alluded to, did you raise these observations? -All of them. 20 Will Chiapas set an important precedent in the Indigenous struggle? With what response? -Without doubt. But it's important -Ourconceptsare very well received, but there has been unevenness in the not 10 let out of our sight that this level of who deals with the subject that precedent and its lessons are imporstops at the level of leaders. Further- tant for both parties: Indigenous more, lhe communities of Mexico have peoples and States. An example of this been very controlled. If one visits an is that the first constitutional and juIndigenous community, you ftncl that ridic recognitions of Indigenous people it has a plaza. it has its musical bands arose in Nicaragua during the that is, everything is organized as the Sandinista Revolution when the IndigCouncil of the Indies would have it. enous people rebelled agai nst the The Romano-Spanish concept of orga- Sandinista government and began 1he nization is palpable i.n the communi- armed struggle which was erroneously ty's Structures, which seem more like called counter-revolutionary. The govthose of a city. I'm speaking of an ernment decided to recognize them, ideological concept , applied through and it happened that other States took external structures, and contradictions similar measures. These were re-acarise such that Indians end up being commodations, small legal rectifications ... Legally functional for the States, Mexkans. bm not for the Indigenous people ... And this doesn't occur with the MapuThings change so that everything reches> -I would say it occurs less. l will mains the same? -Exactly. The Stale makes legal give you an example: we hear and we read about Emlliano Zapata. If we modifications in order tO insure the don't have prior knowledge we don't maintenance of its institutional domiknow that he was Indigenous, because nation. as happens with Benito Juarez and l'orfirio Diaz. despite being Indians, Is there a message )'OU would like to they have Spanish names. We have convey? -Indigenous movements are the ones struggled to conserve our Mapuche names and we have accomplished that which will give a new face to America with very few exceptions. The great in terms of justice, democracy, and majority oft he Mapuche conserve their liberty--which today are onl)' a dream original last names. and for us, that for us. Thus, its fundamental that constitutes an important element of every political and social movement in our identity. Meanwhile in Mexico America takes into account this elemany times, Indians only recognize ment which "~II define relations Statethemselves inside themselves--and people and Indigenous nation. Bemany limes. not even there. Here, our cause today, it is not Marxism that puts last name identifies us as Mapuches. the State at risk, but the Indigenousand in consequence, not as Chileans. original organizations. The State knows this. and takes its precautions. Every social and or political organization 1hat fights for human rights must know that Chiapas a Landmark the indigenous people should prevail Tofinisllthe fotmh annual session ofthe and contribute 10 the construction of a \vn Ma!Jt<Che Toibunal, Huilcmnan gave a true inst itutionality with our O charspeech in Tcmuco.lnfinishinghesaid, •ro acter and based on our own particurhc brothers in Chiaflas, fmward wirh rite lalities. ~ strl<ggle for land tmd liberty." "R..>prin;edinl"'t ln>ml'l1=. Mexico.April II ,1994· N>ya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chiapas as seen from Temuco: Interview with Aucán Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ximena Ortuzar Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Chiapas as seen from Temuco: Interview with Aucán Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile Item Type Journal Article Author Ximena Ortuzar Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 18-20 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note The messenger of the Consejo de Todas las Tierras (All Lands Council) praises the Zapatistas while pointing out there is more to be done. In the interview, Huilcaman discusses autonomy, territory, indigenous rights, leadership, agrarian reform, and identity. Attachment Title abya yala p18-20.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Consejo de Todas las Tierras Huilcaman Aucán Indigenous movements Mapuche Zapatista Critique http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/f837b9b9116cab8898281c86198fdb39.pdf 1815245e747e71fc2d5d1c67da8ca250 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Orlando Melguelro da SUva Bare. General Coordinator of the Council ofArticulation of Indlgenous Peoples and OrganiZations of Brazil. offers these obseJVations on how Indlgenou s rlgllts may be challenged under the 1993 Constitutional revision 1n Brazil: "Brazil 1s prepal1ng to revise Its constitution. Within this, questions affecting Indian people are Involved. prtnclpally when one speaks of mtneral wealth and natural resources found 1n Indian areas. All this 1s betng looked at with big eyes by large economic groups, which worries us. 'The new Indian statute will consider the proposals presented by IndJgenous people 1n Braslla at the end of Aprll of this year. Among the questions we are constdertng are the demarcation and self- demarcation ofour land, and the exploitation of mtnerai and hydroelectric resources. "''be military1s pressing conseJVatlve leglslators. and even some on the left. so that they favor the revision of already demarcated Indian lands. ThiS despite the fact that demarcating lands 1n the border regions 1s no risk to national security. and not even the Indianswant to construct Independent states. On the contraxy. Indigenous peoples also obey the constitution, and above all we want the Brazilian government to obey the constitution. -we are looking for alternatives among them. to form a stronger alllance belweenlnc1Jgenousorganl7-ationsthemselves, with popular movements. and with the legislators who are for the Indigenous cau se. We look to merge our forces so that IndJgenous proposals be considered. and so that the rlgllts which were guaranteed tn the 1988 constitution not be overturned." Source: Iriforme Jurdtoo - Address: ComlSsaoPr6Indlo de SCWPaulo. RuaM!nlStro Godoy 1484, Salas 56 e 57, CEP 05015 Perdlzes, Sdo Paulo SP, BrazU. Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova An alarmtngrate ofsuicides has been registered among the Guarant-KaJova of Brazil's Mato Grosso do Sui, caused by deSpalr at their estrangement from traditional lands and way of IJfe. According to the Indigents! MISsionary Council (CIMI) and the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). 20 Guarant-Katova hanged themselves 1n 1992. br!nglng the suicldestoaseven-yeartotaloflOO. Ofthe20 Vol7 Num 1 & 2 who died last year. 12 were under 20 years of age (See CIMI stausucs page 18). With most of their traditional territories still not demarcated, and their lands Invaded by ranchers. the Guarani are forced to seek work on sugarcane plantations and at alcohol plants. There. they are pald very little. and are not accorded benefits proscribed for workers under law. Source: lndigenist MissiorwyCouncil (CIMI) Contact CIMl for more info rmation: 505 - Edificio Venancio Ill, Sola 3 09/1 4, C.P~ 0 367 9 CEP 7 0.084-9 70 Brasilia, O.F. Br a z il 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 19 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The 1993 Constitutional revision worries Indigenous groups in Brazil, in regards to demarcation of indigenous reserves and exploitation of natural resources on Indigenous lands. Attachment Title Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil Constitutional Revision Indigenous reserves http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/fb34283bf981a7dcd3bbe3d8aea05220.pdf fb336b67b2b1479a9f095d6afac05344 PDF Text Text P ERSPECTIVES ON C HIAI$S C h::. .i: .a=t=;__:;;_;:....::::..... as--=--=-en _;_rrom T e m u co: -=--=-- . : p a s-----==- se-=-::..:.... :. . .;~ Interview with Aucan Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile. In theCityofTemuco in the heortofMopucheoncestrol territory. the Consejo de T odos los Tierros (All Lands Council} meets once a year. Their international Werken (messenger), Auc<in Huilcomon is charged with making known the denunciations, agreements and projects from the Mopuche Tribunal. He is also responsible for relations with other Indigenous peoples of the continent. Heis2 7years old and in hisfourth yearo(law school at the Autonomous UniversityofTemuco, he was also o congressionalcandidate in lost Deeemberselections. but didn't achieve o seot in the House. In the following interview he spoke regarding the situation in Chiop<JS. of the Mopuc/Je in Chile, and the continental Indian movement. by Ximena Ortuzar* How do the Mapuche evaluate wh~t happened in Chiapas this past january? -There nrc various points related to this action. Personally. and in general. I celebrate the Zapatlsta's courage. decisiveness and organizational capaclty which permitted them to prepare thetr uprising without being detected by the Mexican Intelligence apparatus. Th~l is remarkable. In addirion, (he Mapu· chc support all lndigellOUS peoples' struggles In defense of their legitimate rightS. I observe though. a huge spilt between the discourse and Ideology of (he continental Indigenous movement and what (heZapatisl.aSareproposing. In one of rneir points, they demand, 'More land for the Indigenous people.• l11is Is good, but insufficient. Eve:n if they give more lands. these will continue to be just fragmemsofthe l~rger landscape. The fundamental lndlg· enous problem in all or America Is that of territory. When the State distributes p~rcels or land. mey remain under its sovereignty. The central demand 18 should be territory, where Indigenous rights have clear legitimacy. You cannot attack the real problems or the Indigenous people of the comment if you do not approa.ch thiS Issue. manner wnh being human. and with our own nature, Our COJICi!ption is that the territory IS a physical space where the ~bpuche people should have control. pbannmg power and autonomy to e,'(ercise free self-determinarion. Land and Territory 1understand that ont or the 'Mapltche's What is the conceptual difference between l.a nd and territory? -Land is an individual concept relating a person to 11 specific plnce-person-propeny. whereas the con.cept of territory is collective and refers tO a group or people with a portion or coll.,ruvetand. Formelndtgenouspeoplc. the concept of territory holds dements of identity. or culture or a form or organization. I can give you an example; with us. the Mapuche, many of the trees that surround us have names like the names of our children. And when the huincn -white person cuts the trees, clearing the native forest, we (eel that our tdentity has been cut off. Territory is connected m a substantial princlp.'l muggles in these moments is precisely fot' lerritory. -Th~t'sright. That hasrneantcharges against us for 'Illicit association', and •failure before the law, morality and good customs• which :tlTectS l44 or us. We could go to jail. but this will not SlOp our decision to recover what be· lon~to us. And you mtss this conceptual element in the z.,patisro proposal. ·F(Om what ! know. yes. I sec also that they ask for Salinas de Gonari to resign. I bdleve that he could resign and that wouldn't solve the problem for Indigenous people in Mexico. In my opinion. this is a weakness in me proposal. because the basic question is Abya Yala News �P ERSPECTIVES ON CHIAPAS not of changing the president but or chttnglng the nature of the State. m order to achieve transformation thnt resmuns the State'sabsolutcdominion o"er the Indigenous people which Is exercised agait\St their will. In the Z:lpattStJI proclamations I don't see n questionmgofthestmctureofthtSt:~tc. Another point that seems curions to me is that the h1ghest visible lendcrlsn ":sub-commander~ ...\Vhen we meet in our Tribunal there is no pres1dem, or secretary or treasurer of the Mnpu· che comnmnit)'. rather we hMe a Lonko. Mnchi--origmal authoritiesThese posluons bnng together the m· stnutional strUcture and the JUridic concept of the community. And you find this important... -OcOnitel)•. yes. It is not a question of form. While you don't reinstate your own forms of organization as a weapon to oppose the fonns of tdco· logi(jll dommation that the State 1m· poses. you are fighting with your oppressor's wenpons and they arc not ours by na10re. How would you C'l'lain this situation in the case of Chiapas? -Asnccnnin amount of mcmul colo· nlzatlon. No one c.~n fail to recognitc the effort. the courage and the dcei$Wtnc~ Of the Z:lpatistas that rose Up in Chiapas. But i reiterate that in my judgement the proposal that we know Vol8No. 1 &2 the Indigenous people, but rather the form in which this wns implemented. If we travel through the province of Arauco we encounter barely five Mapuche communities. The rest arc villages close to cities. They applied colo-nial thinkmg. Historicall)•, the Council of the Indies- which was an organization designed tO organize the Indians according to the dominant concepts-it rocogmzed the Indigenous people's nght to orgnnizc in municipalities and gave them a structure !or this. With the agrarian refom1, the Mapuche were obligated tO Ji,•e in vii· las on lands awarded In a determined has holes in the area of Indigenous place. makmg thlsn population center rightS. They propose the need for that breaks with the concept of indijusucc which is impossible wh1le the ,·idual-lnnd that represents a human rightS of Indigenous people m Chiapas collecuvity In 1h1s nsJXct. I see in the to deCide their own future Is not rem- Zapalistas a conceptual weal..-ness. st:u~d. And this hapJXnS by reinstat· ing territory and chnng1ng tht struc· What do you anrlbu1e this to? -I don'1 exactly know. I believe that ture of the Stme. I also sec thnt they the Indigenous peoples In Mexico have sufficient instilutional s tructure aJld they s hould have employed 1his in Chiapas. I am certain that the Mapu· che would never have a sub-commander in a s1milar sttuation. We could ha'·ca Toqu1,anongmalauthor· hy. but never a copy. nn ass1mila11on. I want to clanfy that I don't intend to take away from what the Z:lpanstaS ha\'e done, butlt's my duty to say that I detect a ccnain strange inOuencc on the Indigenous people in these circumstances. \Vhat is the basis for your statement? -For the last six years, we ha,·e met periodicnlly w1th lnd•genous leaders of Me>dco,l know all of them. The last Aucan Huitcaman add1"1!ssing the UN 11me. I was In Onx3ro last October. World Conference on Human Rights They assume that theyareethnicgroups held in Vienna during June. 1993 and don't vtndicatr their existence as peoples or natiOn$. Ideological domipropose the need for~ ngr~rhtn reform nation has entered into their minds Jaw which is a concept distorted from and language. In M~xico, the Indian the essence of an indigenous commu- walks m the SlrcclS like a dominated nity. In Chile there was an agr:man being. des puc being part of the majorreform and we don't quesuon the ity. blolog.allysJXaking. They are not amount of lands that were returned to conscious of who they ;m:, This is 19 �P ERSPECT IVES O N (HI APAS explained by the fact that Mexico's government has implemented the most policies of assimilation against Indigenous people. Already in 1942 in the government of Lazaro Cardenas it was said, "We have 10 Mexicanize the Indians, and not to lndianize Mexico.". And they worked on the Indians with that purpose. Maybe the roots of the problem lie in the Conquest. .. -Without doubt, the Spanish crown had a strong influence on the Indigenous people that inhabited the territory that is now the Stale of Mexico. Today they are disarticulated, they cannot decipher their own writing. and this blocks their ability to reach. once again, their own scientific exp1analion of life,. The Indigenous trunk was cut and they are still in the process of reassembling themselves. While this process is incomplete, the consciousness. the commitment of being Indigenous will continue to fail, despite being the majority. Self-understanding as a person What does it mean to be cootmiued 10 being an Indigenous person> · It is not a specific contmiunent or political belief but rather a way of understanding yourself as a person . A good example of this is that in Mexico. there have been two Indian presidents: Benito JuArez and Porfirio Dfaz who governed for many years. Nevertheless, this did not mean any advantage for the Indians of Mexico. To be Indian in biological or racial tenus doesn't mean anything if the kind of commitment I was speaking about doesn't exist. In the meeting with Indigenous leaders of Mexico which )'OU alluded to, did you raise these observations? -All of them. 20 Will Chiapas set an important precedent in the Indigenous struggle? With what response? -Without doubt. But it's important -Ourconceptsare very well received, but there has been unevenness in the not 10 let out of our sight that this level of who deals with the subject that precedent and its lessons are imporstops at the level of leaders. Further- tant for both parties: Indigenous more, lhe communities of Mexico have peoples and States. An example of this been very controlled. If one visits an is that the first constitutional and juIndigenous community, you ftncl that ridic recognitions of Indigenous people it has a plaza. it has its musical bands arose in Nicaragua during the that is, everything is organized as the Sandinista Revolution when the IndigCouncil of the Indies would have it. enous people rebelled agai nst the The Romano-Spanish concept of orga- Sandinista government and began 1he nization is palpable i.n the communi- armed struggle which was erroneously ty's Structures, which seem more like called counter-revolutionary. The govthose of a city. I'm speaking of an ernment decided to recognize them, ideological concept , applied through and it happened that other States took external structures, and contradictions similar measures. These were re-acarise such that Indians end up being commodations, small legal rectifications ... Legally functional for the States, Mexkans. bm not for the Indigenous people ... And this doesn't occur with the MapuThings change so that everything reches> -I would say it occurs less. l will mains the same? -Exactly. The Stale makes legal give you an example: we hear and we read about Emlliano Zapata. If we modifications in order tO insure the don't have prior knowledge we don't maintenance of its institutional domiknow that he was Indigenous, because nation. as happens with Benito Juarez and l'orfirio Diaz. despite being Indians, Is there a message )'OU would like to they have Spanish names. We have convey? -Indigenous movements are the ones struggled to conserve our Mapuche names and we have accomplished that which will give a new face to America with very few exceptions. The great in terms of justice, democracy, and majority oft he Mapuche conserve their liberty--which today are onl)' a dream original last names. and for us, that for us. Thus, its fundamental that constitutes an important element of every political and social movement in our identity. Meanwhile in Mexico America takes into account this elemany times, Indians only recognize ment which "~II define relations Statethemselves inside themselves--and people and Indigenous nation. Bemany limes. not even there. Here, our cause today, it is not Marxism that puts last name identifies us as Mapuches. the State at risk, but the Indigenousand in consequence, not as Chileans. original organizations. The State knows this. and takes its precautions. Every social and or political organization 1hat fights for human rights must know that Chiapas a Landmark the indigenous people should prevail Tofinisllthe fotmh annual session ofthe and contribute 10 the construction of a \vn Ma!Jt<Che Toibunal, Huilcmnan gave a true inst itutionality with our O charspeech in Tcmuco.lnfinishinghesaid, •ro acter and based on our own particurhc brothers in Chiaflas, fmward wirh rite lalities. ~ strl<ggle for land tmd liberty." "R..>prin;edinl"'t ln>ml'l1=. Mexico.April II ,1994· N>ya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Antonio Hernandez Cruz Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maya Tojolabal Secretary General of the CIOAC Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Interview with Antonio Hernandez Cruz Item Type Journal Article Author Maya Tojolabal Secretary General of the CIOAC Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 12-14 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note SAIIC spoke with founding member of the State Indigenous and Campesino Council of Chiapas about the government's reaction, including detainment and torture, to the organization's peace and rights demands. He also speaks of the state of indigenous organization and consciousness in Chiapas. Attachment Title abya yala p12-14.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Government Abuse Indigenous Organizing State Indigenous and Campesino Council in Chiapas http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/27ad61d2d1c2f36eb77cab7243a1f4c9.pdf 6dd234026d375c43567d3093093741da PDF Text Text CHtAPAS: MAYA IDENTITY AND THE ZAPATISTA UPRISING "In Chiopos. the own~rs of tht fincos trtoltht Indians worst thon they trtottheir onimols. Chiopos is on~ grtot finco in which we lnd•ons ore less tmportont thon the cows. Test•mony of o Mayo reptestntotr~ to the Notional congress in 1992 by Araceti Burguete Cal y Mayor he VIISI lllOJOriiY or the bpotista N.ulonrolllberauon Arm)'(EZLN) nghtCI'$ 11re lndtgcnous Maya To;olnbnl, Tzchnl . Tzotzil and Chole !"'OJ>It•ln addition 10 n smaller number of me;,u:os and other ethnic groups. TI>tlf demands ore dwcrs<. osctllatmg betwt<'n tho!.e rat~d by the m·olution2rycbs.- ommcd mo\'~mentsof Central Amcnca, clu.tc \lt>ucan amp<SIDO T (~t)demands.2ndthecl.aunsbetng made by the lnd•gcnous tnO\-.,mem. The EZLI' ha, also tncorpor2tcd m:o il.s po>nton>a "'de =R• of demands rdat• mg 10 tit< urb.tn mO\·cment's struggles, the polott<:.ll p;1rttcs, •nd to the demands for democracy ''Otced by Mcxtcan society In gcncr•tl, Is thos an Indigenous rebellion or an Indigcnous uprl•lng whh cam!"'Sino demands l is this the hegmmng or a Mexi· C.10 Cl\11 W,lf (or m'U,Oila) democracy oris 1 u a local struAAic to change the medit\'3] structures of Chtapul Is thiS the bst duptcr of the Central Amcncan classb>scd moluuons or 1011 the r.,... chapiU CJoop;:s.""""""" Ar«<h a.tpct<" • -.cCij' tZNl IANvul tZNl •cwolfdl 1-.ltpt'llloll W..l'r"JJIr'• fr""' (f!PI). ...,...._for tt.< 6 of the modem lndtgcnou• 'lndtamst" revoluuonsl The rc<ent h•story of Chint>as can help cxpl.oln the nppmemly exclusive nnnue of these questions. The 7~1patlstn tcbelllon Is embedded in the histone nnd j\Co)<mphtc S!"'cificiues of Chtapo> Titc c•n be dl\1dcd 11110 fourdt>tlnct rtj\"'"' the fir-t.mcorporatc.thedcn-.clypopulatcd htghlands and the nc" 1) colonlUd bordtr zone; the ttntr.>l rtp<>n "hteh h.u only been popubtcd b)· fiiCl.lll"" ••nee ~ 19th Cmtury. the eoutal rtli'OncolonlUd tn thts Ccntu')· by n\C>Itzotmmtgrants:and the Soconu,.;o r<lloon ""h tiS old colonl31 sculcmems Th~ ••~ have few relauons wnh e•ch oth<r They are sustamed by d1ITcrent ctonomlc ::~cuvities. parually due 10 the ab.encc. until the 1970's, of ronds nnd communication. The conOict developed in the highland and border orca 1he highlands arc the ancestr.>lt<mtOI)' of the rtbdhon's pnn· ctpol actors. the· M•>·• Tzotztl. Tzclw. TO)Olabal•nd {hole pcopl<s The bordcrrtg~<>n. "htehmdudesthe Lacandon r:11nfore<~. h.urtcci\<'CI "a>tsol m•gnnt lndW>S from the htghlandso>crtht last JOyears h 110" CONI IIUte:> the r<gtonaJ 2nd soml ba.ic of th< l.lpatl>U army. ""'< Chiapas and Guat. mala: e shared identitie s The ong~rul \1 )Jtcmtory """!rag· mentcd dunng tht f,>m\Jllon of the colomal tUliOru,, Into rt\c Mt~lt:.tn Sl~ltS­ Chi:lpas, Tabosco, Yucnt.m, Qumtana Roo.and Cam(lechc· m ~ddt lion to Gun· temala and lld1 Ounng the wlom.tl tc. period. Chtapns bdongcd ll> $pam's Guatemalan C.1ptnlnt)' Ci<•nrral Its so· cia!. economic, ruhur•l • .tnd pnllucal structures "ere dchncd on thl> pcnod. and have pcr>l>trd 111 comrmpontf)' Chiopas "'''hout rrwluti<>NII)' change.. Ch12p3S was annc'cd b)· the \le>lcan R<:pubbcm 182-t astht rtsultof a plcbosotc m ,.hoch only lad•OO> (those of mix<:d Europcon and lrt<ltgc~ mcouy) --bcmg tit< onI)' cw:cn' "ho could �read and write--voted. Despite annexation to Mexico. Chiapas continued to be in~egrate:d with Guatemala. Even toda)'. iiS geogmphy, its language. e"en hs commerce rail within the limits or Guatemala. ln· migrmion or Guatemalans looking for work has also lxen common. Until the 1970's. there was no direct ro3d connecting Chiapas to the non hem pltt of Mexico. Thus, the state capital of Tuxtla Gutitrrez was located 1,000 km by road from Mexico City. An important aspect of highland Chiapan society which dearly identifies it with Guatemalan societ)' is that of identity. Indians were given a ke)' role in the construction of the Mexican state, but only as dead Indians. living Indians in comrast were denied. In Voi.8No.l &2 this way. a nation;;tl model was con . . structed based on the notion of a glorious Indian past and a hon>ogencous, that is. mestizo, (mixed ancestry) present. Guatemalan ideology differs substantially. There, people who are biologically mestizo assume themselves descendants of the criollos referring 10 themselves as ladinosand as the people of reason . In opposition obviously ore those lacking reason, the Indians. Chi apas in contrast to the rest of Mexico echoes the Guatemalan notion of identity. The ladinos negate racial mixing entirely and have org•nized society according to racial divisions~ thereby guaranteeing racial discrimination and turning the devaluing of Indigenous people into a dail)' act. Not the first indigenous uprising Indian people have paid an extremely high price to maintain their identity. Indian relxllions, though nearly always fnostrmed. have been as much a constant of Chiapas' history as has the ex-ploitation and oppression which followed the conquest. In 1532,the Maya rose against the Spanish. Followingtheirdefeat many heroically threw themselves from a cliff knownasCat)ondc!Sumi<lero. In 1712, followingseveml localuprisings.the Indigenous people throughout the highlands relxlled again: this time grouped around an apparition ofthe Virgin Mary. They declared the htdigenous headquarters of Cancuc as their capital and rejected Ciudad Real (now San Cristobal de las Casas), along with its civil and 7 �PERSP ECTI VES ON(H IAPAS several Indigenous revolts. The federal government responded in 1849 with a Jaw outlawing forced and uncompen· sated labor. This law ended the semifeudal custom of debt peonage. under which an indigenous or campesina (am· ii}'OCCupiesa portion of land in a finca in exchange for unpaid work: a situation which convened them imo the landlord's property and made securing their own land impossible. This legislation provoked an armed upnsing led b)' the landlords. who succeeded m overturn~ ing the law two years later. Debt (>tOn~ age was progressively e:Hminated in the rest of Mexico followi ng the revolution of 1910. In Chiapas, however, several hundred Indigenous people continue, even today. to work as indebted peons on the large plantations. just as the counter-reform gripped Chiapas in the 19th century, the state'' landlords also won the 20th century's counter-revolution. In 1910, Mexico was convulsed with the first social revo~ lution of the 20th century, its chat>gcs weren't felt itl Chiapas. One of the first actions of the re.volutiontuy government was to begi11 agraria11 reforms that respollded to the expectations of the millions of campesinos who had panici· pated in the re,·olution. President Venustiano Carranza scm his officials to the republic's different states in order to Many lapatista Comnw>nders and fighters, induding Comandante AM Maria, are women. ecclesiasticamhoritics. Finallyinl714. to ensure practicall)' free labor for their a powerful army from Guatemala anni· plantations. hila ted the rebels who had taken refuge in Ocosingo. The tremendous miser)' A state the revolution passed by which resulted from this defeat, followed l3bor relations are detem1ined by by lossoflandsand frequent famines led ethnic oppression maintained by politito further rebellions in 1864 and 1867 cians and ladino plantation owners. by Tzotzilcs attempting to reclaim their During Mexico's r.rst period of Libsovcreigntyuan imem which was again el':ll refonns in the 19th century. landrepressed. Since then. the state'scriollos holding families headed the counterand ladinos have perfected their control rcfonn. New privalization laws and colom·er the Indigenous population in order nization of Maya lerritories had caused 8 implement this reform. In 1914. General jesus Agustin Castro arrived in Chiapas as govemor and initiated land distribution and effons at protecting worker's rights. The land Q \vners immediately rose in arms declaring themselves against Venustiano Carranza. Their re· bellion coincided with the revohs in the counti')'S Nonhern and Central regions led b)' Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata . Histol)•'s paradox is that the Chiapan landowners declared themselves Villistas and Zapatistas, in order to ally with these armies. Thus, the first Zapatistas in Chiapas were counter·revolutionarics. The coumer~re"olutionarics' threatened secession from the Union, and the fedel':ll government was forced to negotiate. At this time, they conceded that Abya Yala News �PERS PECTIVES ON(H IAPAS Chiapas would always be governed by members of the Familia Chiapaneca··as the local criollos were known--and also that privately held land would not be exprop•iated. Since then, the Chiapan elite have invoked the specter of seces· sion and the defense of state sovereignty to avoid intervention b)• the national government. The cost has been too high. The revolution's institutions which are ubiquitous in the rest of Mexico. never arrived in Chiapas. Thus the continuity of Chiapas' similarity to Guatemala re· mained unbroken. Likewise, the lnsti· tutional Revolutionary Party's (PRJ) which has ruled Mexico since the revolu· tion only recent!)• installed itself in Chiapas. Its peasant and worker organi· zations which ha,·e coopted social movements in the rest of Mexico only arrived in Chiapas in the 1970's, and still have liule presence. The Lacandon rainforest: cradle of rebellion Due to its regressive agrarian po1ic)' most of the state's arable land was con· cetnrated in a few hands by J9qQ. Ac· cording to population censuses, more than half was owned by 2.6% of the population. just nine landlords ac· coumed for 630.532 hectares. In con· trast the average size of Indigenous and C;"tmpesino farms was under two heeLares. At the same time, a significant proportion of the state corresponded to 'National U.nds", that is forest areas susceptible to colonization. Population growth and the exhaustion of the ances· tral Indigenous territories. government support for forest colonization. the dis· ever is characterized by steep slopes and oil. Nonetheless, the majority of com· extreme!)' poor soils underlain by calcar· munities lack electricity as well as a'!)' of cousrock. These soils retaillwater poorly; the other benefits yielded by their rc· making agriculture very difficult. The sources region's physical harshness further sharp· Chiapas has the second highest proened social discontent. portion ofindigenous inhabitants (28%) The Indigenous colonists adapted 10 of all the Mexican states, three quarters life in the forest only after profound of whom live in dispersed l'ural seulc· cultural, political and ideological mems. It also has the highest infant changes. They left parents and grand· mortality and illiteracy rates, percentage parents behind and remodeled their iden- of citizens with inconles less Lhan two tity around the central desire to obtain minimum salaries (about $250), and out· land. In order to survive new and difn . . standing petitions for land. just under cult conditions half of the state's and the land· families live in "Is this the last chapter of the Central owners unre· houses with din letaing violence. American class-based revolutions or noors. a statistic the colonists is it the first chapter of the modem closely related to formed political children's disease Indigenous "lndianist" revolutions?" or productive orrates. A study preganizations. pared by the insti· These strengthened their nascent tute for European·l<ltin American Stud· campesino identity, subst itutingfor their ies reponed the following: 'Chiapas has communal (Indian) identity. The the lowest levels of electricity in the rainforest's new colonists and their young country (66.7%). 0nly58%ofthehouses descendants are the protogonists of the have running \vater when the nalional conflict in Chiapas. The four municipal average is 79%...The. state's population centers taken by the Zapalistas: San is only 4% of the nation. but constitutes Cristobal. L'5 Margaritas. Ocosingo and 25% of all the disputes between Altamirano were all poims of departure campesinos and landlords in the coun· from the jungle, specificall)' from U.s try. disputes which often are violem!l Cm)adas. The uprising's detonators Chiat>as' economic structuresarearchaic; plantations for export of coffee, carda· mom, extensive livestock grazing and logging--with· out value added processing. placement resulting from constmction According to official stat is· of hydroelectric dams, the advent of oil tics, Chiapas holds the un· exploitation, soil deterioration, political enviable position of being and religious persecution and violence between 1960 and 1980 led to accelcr· ated colonization of the U.candon. The population grew from 5,000 to 300,000 inhabitants in those years. Thousands of Indigenous families from the highlands needing a piece of land to work took refuge in the forest . principally in the region of U.s Cm)adas. This region howVoi. 8No. l &2 Mexico's poorest state. Ninety-four of its Ill mu· nicipalities are considered highly marginal. The paradox is that Chiapas is also a rich state. In the last 10 years, it has held the third and fourth place respectively in the production of gas and 9 �PERSPECTIVES ON C HIAPAS In a good will gesture, the EZlN inaugurated peace talks by releasing ex-governor ~bsalon Castellanos, held since the u prising's second day. Castellanos a nd his family own a significant portion of Chiapas' la nd and wealth. The EZlN and Indigenous organizations demand his trial for crimes committed during his administration, a period w idely seen as the state's most repressive in modern history. OUI of the total population of close to 2,000,000. about 1.130,000 are •economically active• that is, 55.4% of the population receive-s no income. While Chiapas occupies Rrst place in the country for social marginal h)'. this is further aC(:entuated in the conflict re· gions. Illiteracy for those over 15 years old in Chiapas is close to 30%, in the Indigenous municipalities it is nearly conclude that lands are totall)' distribtned and that there are no large landholdings. others provide contrary opinions. According to leaders of the opposition, Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), the last census showed that 2.8%of the estates in thestate have more than I . 000 hectares each; while 40.75% have less than I 0 hectares each. According to this source. five large properties twice that. In Altamirano 51% of the concentrate 36,000 hectares. Thiny population over 15 years old is illiterate, percent of the nation's petitions for land in Las Margaritas 48%, In Ocosingo 47% arc concen!Tated in Chiapas, totaling while in San Cristobal24% and Comit~n approximauily 134,000 petitioners. 23%. The Indigenous people living in These petitioners saw their hopes for this region are the most marginal of the receiving land dashed with reform of marginal. article 27 of the constitution in january of 1992. In addition to land, productive reLand ownership and Article 27 sourcesarealsoconcentrated. The probThe virtual lack of an agrarian refom> in Chiapas, as explained before, is di- lem of inequ.~lity corresponds not only rectly rtlated to the socio·e<:onomic and to the concentration of propeny but also political problems are at the root of the 10 a discriminaLOry sysunn which sharp~ January first explosion. The land distri- ens the exclusion and oppression of Inbution which occurred was realized prln~ digenous people and reproduces exploicipally on National lands, and resulted tation. from the struggles of the Indigenous people and campesinos without land. The 1970's: explosion of Rather than resolve petitions for grant- campesino organizations ing ejidos or restitution of communal Stntggle for land in Chiapas has allands. the government has responded to ways been a radical process subject to demands for land by promoting coloni- violence from landlords. The federal zation of ncar wastelands. There is no consensus on the current quantities within each type of land ownership in the state. Some investigations 10 Indigenous peuuoners for land were given no choice but to opt for the ejido Conn or ownership. In this Wa)'. Indigenous people panicipating in the stntggle for land assumed a campesinista con· sciousness through which they demanded land to work rather than the autonomous terri~ories which were stolen during the European invasion. This campesino-class consciousness has homogenized the struggle of the Indigenous people of Chiapas. The figure of Emiliano Zapata has been continuous!)' ilwokcd to suppon land struggles, whereas the indigenous stntggles for recovery of Indian govern- mem were forgotten with the oral history of the tmditionallndian communi- ties. An organizational landmark In October of 1974, the state's first Indigenous Encounter was hosted by Bishop Samuel Ruiz. This event marked the beginning of the campesino and In- digenous mobilizations in the region. At this event Indigenous people reflected on their common problems and began to organize. This proce-ss was accelerated with the arrival in these years of several political organizations with different ideologkaltendencies. go"ernment's general agrarian re£onn One of the first to arrive was the policy emphasized the ejido form of ten· Central of Independent Agricultural ure (individual and sub-divided) in det- Workers and Campesinos (CIOAC), a riment to trnditional communal tenure. national campesino organization affili· Abya Yala News �PERSPECTIVES ON (HIAPAS atcd with the commumst p:~ny and inspm:d b)•the progr:unofEmdlllnOZap:lta hs members <stabli$hed thc~lvos in lndtgcnous communmes and worked for l~nd rdonn and to org;~nizt agricultural day-laborers attached through systems of peonage to the flncas. A S«ond lmponant movements in the count ry'sagmrlnn stntggle since 1979 was the N:uional Coordination Plan de A)•ai:~(CNPA). hsprofoundlyagrarianist and anti-partisan program was also de· nved from the program of Emiliano Zapata. hsmost imponamexpressionin Chiapas has been the Emihano Zapa12 C.ampcsmo Ot'ff'nlz:ltton (OCEZ). Both or thCaOO\'COrf'lntZOIIOOSSUffered from brutal represston camcd out b)' local death squads and S«ttrit)' forecs in the 1970's and 1980's Also dunng these years, young a®·· ists, mostly cconomtes Students and ad· herents to Maotst plulosophy arrived from the country's non hem region becoming known as l..os Norte~os. They had both rtsour<;esnnd enthusiasm. They teamed Indigenous languages and organized. In contrast to CIOAC and OCEZ. this group did no• omphasize land struggles, but rather the formation of ejido unions (coopemnves) to enhance productive actlvttlts. Current!)'. man)· of these ex·acnvlstS hold htgh offices in Salinas de Gonan's government. A slgnific•nt nuntherofthc members of these \-arious org;~mmnons ha\1! pre· sumabl)' joined the r:1nks of the EZU>!. Campesinista and lndianist organizations The formation of Indigenous organi· zations that nssumc a humanitarian ban~ ncr is tl recent nctlvity th:n has not been able to establish itself significantly in the consciousncssofthe Indigenous peoples. The C.1mpcstna and lap:1tist.1 tradition has until now subjug.1ttd lndianist elrons. Among the Indigenous organizations formed tn the rt"ttnt years, are the Organozanon of Indigenous Doctors and the Coordinator of Maya Org;~nizations Strugglingforuhernttort(COLPUMALI)· Vol8No.l &2 -member of the Independent Indian dudes m p:~rt: I) modtfleauon of the Peoples Front (FIPI). The majority of relation bet"un the State and thelndtg· these org;ont:ations \\Cre formed by In- enous peoples which imphcs consutu· digenous actl\1stS that had experiences tional recogniuon or thctr nght 10 self. tn the camllCStna dctcrmtnatton: 2) rec· struggle, but 1hirty percent of !he nation's ogmuon of ttrntorial rights of the lndig· whom in A r.:.ctnt petitions for land are concentrated cnous people of the process or rc· indiani.t.1tion (no in Chiapas...These petitioners saw coumry and o r more than 7 years their hopes for receiving land Chiapas and estnbllshold) have begun mcm or plurl-ethnic dashed with reform of article 27 ..: Indigenous t'egions to base their where the different claims nnd urg."l· nization in thetr Indian identity. These Indigenous identities and mestizos claims still have hulc \\"Ctght in Chiapas. would live under equal conduions: 3) Ftrst bec:tuse 11 is • young movement, modificlllOn or nationalllW$10 guaranbut also bec:tusc 11 has nOt had the inter· tee the p:~rtldp.1tfon of lndtgenous repnational economic support that other resentation m the leg1sbtavt. execunw: movements ha\·t ruch·rd Sorne mem- and judicial branches of government at bers of these org;~ntz.1uons nlso joined the federal and Slate level. the ranks or tht Zap.1tisto anny. The differences between the It is imponant to note as well. thot Campcstni$talndtgcnousmo'·emcntand even as the EZLN was nourished by the the lndi:3nist lndtgtnous movement nre movements mentioned above, the great clear. The Zap.11istodcmandsnrise from majortty of the activists and organiza· both thes.: traditions which follow the tions in the state decided not to actively campesinista line. but :u lhC snme tinle. panicipate in the armed uprising. Even identify in the lndianist demands possi· so. they have noted on several occasions bilities for ending coloniAl oppr~ssion. that they share the s.1nte struggle. After This most recent lnthg,cnous upristhe upnsing, tht.sc org;tni::ations fom1ed ing in Chiapas has gtven new atr 10 the themseh..,stntothe State Indigenous and Indigenous movement in Mexico. A new Campcslno Counc:il ofChi> pas (CEOIC). feeling has nooded the rnilltons or lndi· in an attempt to rorm 3 common front to ans of Me.'<ico who have Strengthened defend the mterests of the Indigenous their struggle through processes or uni· organlz:luonsond campcsmos in the con· ftca~ion. Nc,-enhelcss. the mOSI impor· text ofthe negotillions thot were opened tam thing IS the hope that It hos brought between the go,·cmmcnt and the EZI..N. tothelndigcnousmovemcnt worldwide. There nrc se,•cml lmponant dilfer- The S)•np:~th)• wluch the EZLN pro· e.nces between the programs of the voktd in the world ~hows that the IndigCampcsinista and lndianist organiz.1- enous struggles have reason and justicc tions. The campeslnlto organizations on their side. A report presemcd to the European demand: I) land distribution nnd nlodir.cation of orticle 27 tocontlnuc with the Parliament on the topic of Chlapas by agrarian rclom~; 2) cheap and appropri- the Institute for Europenn·l.atin Ameriate credit lor agricultural production: 3) can Rclationsemphasizcdthnt'Thcconroods, health care, cducauon, housing nict shows that the increasing aggresand other services; 4) support in the Si\"encss of the Indigenous communtties productl\"e process, installauon of ogre- in latin America will lead to urmed conindustry and 5) gu.tmntees of indtvidual nicts. if the gro\\1118 consciousness of human nghts. Indians as subjects Wllh rights, is not The lndillnlst org.1nlzat!on's program. followed b)• tncrtased go,emmemal cawhose proposal is he:~ded by FIPI in- pacity to satisfy their necessules.' " 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chiapas: Maya Identity and the Zapatista Uprising Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Araceli Burguete Cal y Mayor Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Chiapas: Maya Identity and the Zapatista Uprising Item Type Journal Article Author Araceli Burguete Cal y Mayor Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 6-11 Publication Title Abya Yala Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Zapatista Army of National Liberation rose up in Chiapas highlighting Indigenous rights and issues including the lauding of Indigenous culture and leaders in the past while ignoring the problems facing current indigenous populations and marginalizing indigenous identities. This latest uprising comes in a long line of rebellions. After the 1910 Revolution much of Mexico received lands apportioned by the new constitution but Chiapas was largely left with medieval power structures. Organizing in the Lacandon rainforest spread throughout the state sparking an indigenous led rebellion. Attachment Title abya yala p6-11.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chiapas EZLN Indigenous Uprising Lacandon rainforst Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/5e41348482a003f8e2ee46b5fa239e52.pdf 347286d9b1c4b46b1ed75769dda5fab3 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Stopping The Clearing Of nmberFrom Indigenous Lands For more i nformo· tion contact: Rainforest Action Network 450 Sonsome St. Suite 700 Son Francisco, CA 94111 , USA Rainforest Foundation 270 Lafayette St. Suite 1205 New York NY 10012, USA. For decades. Joggers have invaded Indigenous lands in Bra?.U with Impunity, creating violent confrontations with lndtan people. and devastating the environment. Now. a BrazOJanjudge has ordered a halt to timber extraction from Jndtan lands in the eastern Amazon state of Pan1. According to estimates. between 1985 and 1990. over 640.000 cubic meters ofvalu· able mahogany were extracted from Indian lands in Pan1, which required the construe· tlon of over 3000 km of lllegal logging roads. To halt the logging. a suit was illed by the Nucleus for Indigenou s Rlghts. based in Brasilia. The deciSion, on January 15, 1993 by Federal Judge Selene Marta de Almeida. calls for an tmmedlate closing of the logging roads and removal ofaU equipment and work· ers from the Indigenous reserves of Arawete. Apyterewa, and Tl'lnchetra Bacajll. n also · requireS the Bra?.illan government to set up permanent checkpoints to ensure that the loggers do not reenter the 7..0ne. One recent conflJct b etween Joggers and an Indian community resulted in the shooting deathofDomtngos Paullno. a GaVI<'io Pukobye who had tried to stop a truckcany· ing an lllega1 shipment of wood from passing through hts people's land in Maranho. The woodhadbeencutfrom thenearbyGuajajara reserve. where Indians had agreed to sell timber for very low prices. Most of thiS wood IS u sed to produce ch arcoal. which fuels the pig Iron processing plants which are Part of the Greater Carajl\s mtneral zone. Sources: Rainforest Acticn NeiWQrk and Rainforest Fowulation Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 These are the 1992 results of an annual survey carried out by the lndlan!st MIS· slonary Council (CIMO of violence agatnst Indian peoples in BrazU. lnmostcategorteslndlanssufferedas much or more aggression as in previous years. In the case of the murders none of the aggressors was puniShed. CIMI notes: "DISeases have been klll· ingmorelndlansinBrazUthananyothertype of aggression. It seems that they are the subtlest and most disguised way to extennl· nate Indians.· 18 Murders 24 Victims of attempts on the lives 20 Death threats 21 Illegal detentions 5 Victims of physical aggression 10 Rapes 7 Suicides 24 Deaths due to malaria 87 Deaths due to measles 64 Deaths due to Cholera 14 Deaths in car accidents 6 Areas invaded by woodcutters 37 Invasions by miners 16 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 18 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note An annual 1992 report in Brazil shows that violence and disease are the cause of many indigneous deaths. Attachment Title Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil CIMI Crime Violence http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/8d828f7daa7d4fb6031a7de701238f3e.pdf 124bd5a7404aec4b605aded70247c631 PDF Text Text IN BRIEF Indigenous Leaders Awarded Goldman Environmental Prize Indigenous Groups in Argentina Push for Rights Under New Constitution On April IS, 1994. Luis Macas president of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAl E) and Mathew Coon Come. grand chief of the Cree were awarded the prestigious Goldman Environmental Prize in San Francisco, California. The prize includes a no-strings attached $60,000 grant. Macas was recognized for his role in the 1990 Le''llntamiento lndigena (Indigenous uprising) in Ecuador which forced the government to seriously negotiate the conditions for oil drill- The fifteen Indigenous nations in Argentina are ean;ing out a country-wide mobilization in response to the opening of ing in the Ecuadorian Amazon. He was also praised for his role in the negotiations between CONAIE and the Ecuadorian government which resu1ted in a sweeping settlement giving Indigenous nations title to three million hectares of rainforest in the Amazon. Coon Come has worked fordeeades to oppose the Quebec government's monumental plans for hydroelectric dam building in James Bay. Both these struggles put Indigenous and environmental organizations against some or the world's most powerful forces. With these a"'llrds, the Goldman foundation has helped give world attention and Stature to these leader's struggles. Following is Luis Macas' statement at the ceremo· nies. a process for constitutional revision. Indigenous groups are pressuring the national congress to finally include an article stating their rights under the constitution. Indigenous organizations held two assemblies regarding the issue of constitutional refom1 and have drafted a proposal for rights to be included in the new constitution. The proposal's most important points were recognition that Indigenous peoples existed before the creation of the National state and birth of the provinces; the recognition of the Argentinian Republic asa pluri-ethnic and pluri-cultural state; the inclusion of rights to communal land ownership as well as control of all natural resources found in these lands: the right to educate their children in their own language and culture~ and finally, the deletion of pan 15 of article 67 of the current constitution which states that the govenment should •main· tain a peaceful relationship with the lndiansand promote their conversion to Catholidsm•. After drafting these proposals. representatives of all the Indig- enous communities presented a declaration to the national con· gress to urge inclusion of these changes in the new constitution. ...1Virl1 the arrival of western civilization the plundering of natural rtsourGes was init'iatcd as ·was the taheove:r and destmclion of our mother earth and the exploitation of our people. This imcnsive and irrational exploitation of nmural resources ca11sed nor only impoverishment of the earth but has generated poverry and the violation of human rights among our 1>tople in the South. The culture ofcapitalism and avarice has forced itself on nature to achieve its goals no matter what the sacrifice. As a result, we an: 110w experiencing an accelerated process of true global collapse. As inhabitants of this planer, it is viral and urgem to stop these crimes against nature and life and worh tore huegrate ourselves with the natural world so as to redirec.rour path toward a more respectful and harmonious relationship wirh it. These beliefs motivate us to defend ourmotherea,.th and resist hcrdcstntction with her. Therefore it is important that we gain title to territories which will gtwrantee their proteaion, not only for us, but for the benefit of all life... We have to oppose destruction and death with justice. s11stainable development and life. 4 lnnu Activists Blockade Hydro-Quebec Roads lnnu from the Coalition for Nitassinan (their traditional lands) supported by observers set up camp on Ma)' 29. blocking the access ro.~d which Hydro-Quebec intends to use for construction of the massive Sainte-Marguerite Ill (SM Ill) hydroelectric project. Hydro-Quebec officials have reportedly sought an official injunction against the blockade in order to remove the protesters. The SM Ill project would be built in lnnu territory along the nonh shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec. It would flood over 450 square km. and, possibly contaminate this area with the toxin methyl mercury. lnnu fear this contamination will render the region's fish, one of their main food sources. · Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Leaders Awarded Goldman Environmental Prize Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAIIC Board of Directors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Leaders Awarded Goldman Environmental Prize Item Type Journal Article Author SAIIC Board of Directors Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 4 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Luis Macas of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities in Ecuador and Matthew Coon Come of the Cree received the Goldman foundation Environmental Award grant. Macas’ acceptance speech pointed to the need for environmental protection against exploitation and extraction at the hands of non-native people. Attachment Title abya yala p4.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Environmental Protection Goldman Foundation http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/8c7a880270e75f6333b3c37cfcbe33d9.pdf be7c7ba1814f54ca64fc46bf5ea6e7f2 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Stopping The Clearing Of nmberFrom Indigenous Lands For more i nformo· tion contact: Rainforest Action Network 450 Sonsome St. Suite 700 Son Francisco, CA 94111 , USA Rainforest Foundation 270 Lafayette St. Suite 1205 New York NY 10012, USA. For decades. Joggers have invaded Indigenous lands in Bra?.U with Impunity, creating violent confrontations with lndtan people. and devastating the environment. Now. a BrazOJanjudge has ordered a halt to timber extraction from Jndtan lands in the eastern Amazon state of Pan1. According to estimates. between 1985 and 1990. over 640.000 cubic meters ofvalu· able mahogany were extracted from Indian lands in Pan1, which required the construe· tlon of over 3000 km of lllegal logging roads. To halt the logging. a suit was illed by the Nucleus for Indigenou s Rlghts. based in Brasilia. The deciSion, on January 15, 1993 by Federal Judge Selene Marta de Almeida. calls for an tmmedlate closing of the logging roads and removal ofaU equipment and work· ers from the Indigenous reserves of Arawete. Apyterewa, and Tl'lnchetra Bacajll. n also · requireS the Bra?.illan government to set up permanent checkpoints to ensure that the loggers do not reenter the 7..0ne. One recent conflJct b etween Joggers and an Indian community resulted in the shooting deathofDomtngos Paullno. a GaVI<'io Pukobye who had tried to stop a truckcany· ing an lllega1 shipment of wood from passing through hts people's land in Maranho. The woodhadbeencutfrom thenearbyGuajajara reserve. where Indians had agreed to sell timber for very low prices. Most of thiS wood IS u sed to produce ch arcoal. which fuels the pig Iron processing plants which are Part of the Greater Carajl\s mtneral zone. Sources: Rainforest Acticn NeiWQrk and Rainforest Fowulation Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 These are the 1992 results of an annual survey carried out by the lndlan!st MIS· slonary Council (CIMO of violence agatnst Indian peoples in BrazU. lnmostcategorteslndlanssufferedas much or more aggression as in previous years. In the case of the murders none of the aggressors was puniShed. CIMI notes: "DISeases have been klll· ingmorelndlansinBrazUthananyothertype of aggression. It seems that they are the subtlest and most disguised way to extennl· nate Indians.· 18 Murders 24 Victims of attempts on the lives 20 Death threats 21 Illegal detentions 5 Victims of physical aggression 10 Rapes 7 Suicides 24 Deaths due to malaria 87 Deaths due to measles 64 Deaths due to Cholera 14 Deaths in car accidents 6 Areas invaded by woodcutters 37 Invasions by miners 16 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 18 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Nucleus for Indigenous Rights in Brazil filed a suit to halt logging activities on Indigenous reserves. Attachment Title Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Arawete Brazil Lumber industry Nucleus of Indigenous Rights Para http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/086a51019e0888c1e33eb767d8df3d97.pdf 0b362e01dc28a40c56c9e6452df96800 PDF Text Text P ERS PECTIVES ON ( HIAPAS Indigenous and Campesino Organizations Unite to Present Peace Proposals Peace will come when everything that has been confiscated and stolen from the people has been returned, especially in regard to fond, because the legitimate and authentic owners of the fond ore the compesinos ond Indigenous people. ---Working commision, State Indigenous and Compesino Council of Chiopos thousand Indigenous people and campesinos are occupymg the pubhc plaza in Chiapas' capital city of Tuxtla Guuerrez as this magazme goes 10 press. The occupation began when I0,000 members of the Stole Indigenous and Campesino Counc1l of Ch1apas (CEOIC) marched on the capualas pan of a nation-wide mob1hzallon called 'Zapata V1vc'. They are seeking resolution of the~r demands for tern tory, autonomy land refonn, and acceptance of the CEOIC peace plan. The Independent Indian People's Front repons some ad,·ances in negouauons with the government. Howe,-er, but negotiations on human rights guarantees remoin unresolved . Indigenous organiz.11ions will sign no agreements wuhout securing the release of all those people who hove been unjustly and arbitrarily arrested in the state. S IX Only ten days after the first shots were fired, every major Indian organization mel in San Cristobal de Las Casas to form--along with non-Indigenous campesino organizations--the Indigenous and Campesino Stole Council of Chiapas (CEOIC). The Indigenous organizations arc a minority in the tumultuous ond fragile coahtion However. they are currently the most acuve and powerfully vocal faction. Although the Zapatistas' positions have been mtmmal m relauon to spec1ficall)• lnd•an concerns, Indigenous organiz.1uons throughout the state of Cluapas have taken advantage ofthe pohucal space opened by the january rebelhon to unite forces and are developmg their own alternative peace proposals. These proposals have special relevancesmce the Mexican government agreed that a prerequisite to negotiations was that there would be no return 10 the pre-rebellion situation in the state. Whether CEOIC will toke a scat at the negotiating table with the governmentond Zapatistas remains unclear. CEOIC has endorsed most of the EZLN's demands. in addition m their jonuary 11 -14 meeting, the council called for constitutional reform to enable a new relationship between Indigenous peoples ond the Mexican stale. This would be based in the reorganization of terntory as well as polillcal restructuring. CEOIC proposes the creauon of autonomous plun-ethmc reg.ons which would shift power from the state and the federntion 10 lnd1genous peoples' in the state. Actual geogrnphic regions have not been drnwn. Actual territorial demarcauon IS the next challenge 12 ,~~i(/4. Antonio Hernandez Cruz M aya Tojolabal and Secretary General of the CIOAC Hernandez is o founding member of the State Indigenous and Compesino Council of Chiopos. He spoke with SAIIC in Son Cristobol de los Casas regarding the Indigenous movement in Chiopos, government repression ond the CEOIC's work. Following the uprising, Hernandez was among the hundredsof lndionsdetoinedond tortured by the military. Can you tell me what hoppened to you when you were detamed by the military. what d1d they occuse you of? -We were detamed on january 5 until 2:00pm the follo\\ong day ... The)' accused us ofbemg the Zapatistas' political leaders... They took us from the car we were ridmg in, put hoods O\'er our heads and tied them ''ery tightly around our necks. We were like this for 24 hours. Then they interrogated us heavily, trying to force us 1 say that 0 we sympathized or were active in the Zapatista am1y. When we said no.they hit us. 1received blows in the stomach. chest. back, and head. about 20 hard blows. Did you denounce thrs occurrence? -To the nauonal and mternational press, to the teleVlston. but ttle'l<ision doesn't repon anything. The press Pbya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous and Campesino Organizations Unite to Present Peace Proposals Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAIIC Board of Directors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous and Campesino Organizations Unite to Present Peace Proposals Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 1&2 Pages 12 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Answering the call for nation-wide mobilization in Mexico following the Zapatista uprising, the State Indigenous and Campesino Council of Chiapas (CEOIC) marched to and occupied the public plaza in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas demanding territory, autonomy, land reform, and acceptance of a peace plan. Attachment Title abya yala p12.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] indigenous peace plan State Indigenous and Campesino Council of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutierrez Chiapas Zapatista Vive http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/132dfe9ea2154505d4654aaf750ba160.pdf 6af5916b66ac1d6e8885eee4ce5b5366 PDF Text Text BOLIV IA The Indian March Continues More than 200 representatives and magistrates of the Islboro-Secure National Indian Park Territory l'IlPNIS) met In their Second Speclal Session In the town of San Bernardo. They resolved to march onTrinidad to demand compllance with Supreme Decree 22610 and to assert the rights ofthe Mojenos. Chlmanes and Yuracares who Uve In that regton. The Bollvlan government ISSued Supreme Decree 22610 folloWing the hlstorlc march "For Territory and DJgnlty" In 1990. but Its provisions have not been Implemented or enforced. In a communique, the Indians of the TIPNIS asserted that thls time. "despite the good Intentions of some members of the government, we have encountered many problemslncludlngopposltionfromseveralgroups and lndlvlduals who do not wiSh to grant us the same rights enjoyed by every other BolivIan citizen. Thts behavior Indicates that there are people who continue to think Uke the Spaniards of 500 years ago.· The representatives assert that Article 2 of Supreme Decree 22610 expands the area of TIPNIS to the lslboro and Secu.r e rivers. InCorporating the communities situated on the banks of the rivers and forming a buffer zone. On October 19. 1992.TIPNIS brought a case before the prefect of the Ben! regarding a wealthy land owner. Sergto Zelada. who was attempting to deny the rights of the community of Lorna Alta. located on the right bank of the Islboro River within TIPNIS. On October 27 the legal counselor of the prefecture of the Ben! viSited Lorna Alta and decided that there was no Infraction. The Prefect then denied the TIPNIS claim. The Indian representatives who attended the second special session In San Bernardo resolved to reject the opinion of the public attorney and the prefectural resolution. because the title that Mr. Zelada has In hiS possession belongs to another person and was obtained after Supreme Decree 22610. The delegates denounced these antiIndian acts and bureaucratic deciSions. They stated that In thiS democratic day and age. there are bad Bollv!ans In government who neither execute nor respect the laws which the government Itself has made. For these reasons. the authorities of TIPNIS marched to Trlnldad to demand a public hearing to force the execution of the decree. If thiS IS not done, the delegates will be obllged to Oght until their territorial rights are respected. Source: AquL Bolwfa Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title Approximately stx years ago. the Moseten Indians of Santa Ana de Huachl. Ben! Provence. began proceedIngs to obtain the deeds to the lands that they have Uved on for generations. With the support of the Lay Movement for Latin America (MlAL). they succeeded 1n attaining 8,000 hectares of land. But the land that was granted turned out to be 111-sulted for hunting. Oshlng. and agriculture, the mainStays of the Mosetenes. In addition, the lands have already been exploited by coloniZers. who have cut down the most Important and valuable trees. In November 1992. the community decided to ask the Minister of Campeslnos. Agnculture, and Fishing. the Indigenous Institute ofBoUvta (liB). and the government for land In the Muchane plains as compensation. An 1880 document gtves the Mosetenes sole ownership of the territory. which IS four hours away from Santa Ana. The Vol7 Hum 1 & 2 director of the DB assures the community that their demand will be considered, but there are other people Interested In the land. Juan Torres, National Deputy and former member of the Consctence of the Country (CONDEPA. a ncopopulist organization) claimS to have deeds to the territory. According to the Mosetenes he has been extracting resources from the land. A company named San Loretl7.o also Intends to take advantage of the lumber resources. TlmberexploltaUon ts Intense 1n that region of La Paz. According to a report by the Coordinator of Solidarity with the Indigenous Peoples. approximately 60 trucks. each with Ove logs. leaves the forest along one road each day. ThiS meansthatatleast 108.000treesarecutannually. Much of the wood goes to waste because It IS cut poorly. 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 17 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Moseten Indians in Bolivia contend with logging companies for land previously deeded to them in 1880. Attachment Title Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia Moseten http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/565cc80d001602d7a9b72e1b2288d927.pdf 7ebf33a6797a8926e6930c81337b6642 PDF Text Text IN unsafe to eat. In addition. the construction would diven tributaries from the Moisle river, reducing Oows by up to 42% of one oft he world's most important salmon rivers. This could further endanger the Atlantic salmon. Reportedly. one million cubic meters of forest would also be clearcut for the reservoir and access roads. Quebec hopes to sell power generated b)• the projects to utilities in the nonheastem US. B RI EF the rights of the Indigenous communities precede scientific interest in these remains. lnacayallived his last days in the capital city, where he was brought with his family by the researcher Francisco Moreno to live on his esl3.te of•Pase:o del Bosque' . On September 24. 1888 the chief died of sadness. Coalition Pour Nitassirum, 182 de l'Eglise, Mani-Utenam, QC, Canada C4R4K2, Tel: 418-927-2102 Continental Indigenous Foundation Formed Mapuche Exert Rights over Cultural Heritage Indigenous leaders from throughout the continent came to Oakland, California on April 16 for the founding meeting of the first foundation formed and led by lndJgenous people from South and Central America. SAIIC hosted this meeting fort he Abya Yala Fund during which the various leaders decided the foundation's strategies and goals. The foundation aims to fund projects developed by lndig- On Febn•ary 20. remains of human skeletOns, pieces of Valdivian St)•le ceramics. and a stone pipe were discovered at a construction site in the city of San Martin de Los Andes, Argentina. Representatives of the three Mapuche communities in the region. the Curruhuinca. Vera, and Cayun, demanded immediate return of the ani facts. stating, •we cannot accept any manipulation of these remains be it for scientific or other reasons. There is no doubt that these remains we re found on ancestral Mapuche territory where our ancestors rest and this is S3cred to us! The three communities. members of the Mapuche Organization ofTain Kine Getuam held a series of public demonstrations and meetings with municipal authorities, from which they ob· tained a promise that the artifacts would be retumed to their "rightful heirs". The Mapuche remain concerned that this commitment " "" be kept. The discovery. also brought to light the lack of legislation for protection of such artifacts. The Mapuche enouscommunities in South and Central America and Mexico. Areas of interest will be territory. environment, training. selfdevelopment. women's issues. health, education. organizing. scholarships. and exchanges between Indigenous peoples. Another of the foundation's goals will be to support training in international communication. for example the improvement of communities' access to other foundations. The Abya Yala Fund also plans administrative training and assistance in elaboration of grant propos.1ls. The meeting participants noted that it is time that the Indigenous communities have direct access to foundations and other fonns of financial and technical support for their development effonsaimed at improving living conditions. In addition they observed that hundreds or non-indigenous intermediary groups have been receiving funds to work with representatives noted that protection oftheircultural heritage was indigenous people or in the name of indigenous people, and the 'most fundamental human right' of their people. that many of these fund have been wasted in administration. Intermediaries have at tirncs also imposed their political conditions on Indigenous connnunities. or have not been responsive to the communities' own interests. First Restitution of Indigenous Remains in Argentina One hundred and six years after his death, the remains of the 19th century hero of Indian resistance. Cacique lnacayal. will be moved from the Museum of La Plata in the province of Buenos Aires, to the community ofTecka in Chubut . This is the first such restitution in Argentina. which recognizes that Voi.8No.l &2 The Ab)'ll Yala Fund currently has an office in Oakland, Californ~1. and aims to fom1 regional offices in Central and South America. The fund is sponsored by the Tides Foundation until it obtains legal status. Donations are ta.' deductible. and computers. fax machines, printers and other office equipment are greatly needed. Abya Yala Fund c/o Tides Foundation 1388 Sutter St, 19th Floor, San Francisco. CA 94109. 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche Exert Rights over Cultural Heritage Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAIIC Board of Directors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Mapuche Exert Rights over Cultural Heritage Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 1&2 Pages 5 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Mapuche fight to protect their cultural heritage when artifacts were found in San Martin de los Andes, Argentina. Attachment Title abya yala p5.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Cultural Heritage Sacred Artifacts San Martin de los Andes http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/3b9a4e3583281f1e9b060f2d3444aea7.pdf 20b1814590bb29ccacb047c7c76b6acc PDF Text Text BOLIV IA The Indian March Continues More than 200 representatives and magistrates of the Islboro-Secure National Indian Park Territory l'IlPNIS) met In their Second Speclal Session In the town of San Bernardo. They resolved to march onTrinidad to demand compllance with Supreme Decree 22610 and to assert the rights ofthe Mojenos. Chlmanes and Yuracares who Uve In that regton. The Bollvlan government ISSued Supreme Decree 22610 folloWing the hlstorlc march "For Territory and DJgnlty" In 1990. but Its provisions have not been Implemented or enforced. In a communique, the Indians of the TIPNIS asserted that thls time. "despite the good Intentions of some members of the government, we have encountered many problemslncludlngopposltionfromseveralgroups and lndlvlduals who do not wiSh to grant us the same rights enjoyed by every other BolivIan citizen. Thts behavior Indicates that there are people who continue to think Uke the Spaniards of 500 years ago.· The representatives assert that Article 2 of Supreme Decree 22610 expands the area of TIPNIS to the lslboro and Secu.r e rivers. InCorporating the communities situated on the banks of the rivers and forming a buffer zone. On October 19. 1992.TIPNIS brought a case before the prefect of the Ben! regarding a wealthy land owner. Sergto Zelada. who was attempting to deny the rights of the community of Lorna Alta. located on the right bank of the Islboro River within TIPNIS. On October 27 the legal counselor of the prefecture of the Ben! viSited Lorna Alta and decided that there was no Infraction. The Prefect then denied the TIPNIS claim. The Indian representatives who attended the second special session In San Bernardo resolved to reject the opinion of the public attorney and the prefectural resolution. because the title that Mr. Zelada has In hiS possession belongs to another person and was obtained after Supreme Decree 22610. The delegates denounced these antiIndian acts and bureaucratic deciSions. They stated that In thiS democratic day and age. there are bad Bollv!ans In government who neither execute nor respect the laws which the government Itself has made. For these reasons. the authorities of TIPNIS marched to Trlnldad to demand a public hearing to force the execution of the decree. If thiS IS not done, the delegates will be obllged to Oght until their territorial rights are respected. Source: AquL Bolwfa Moseten Indians Compete with Loggers for Land Title Approximately stx years ago. the Moseten Indians of Santa Ana de Huachl. Ben! Provence. began proceedIngs to obtain the deeds to the lands that they have Uved on for generations. With the support of the Lay Movement for Latin America (MlAL). they succeeded 1n attaining 8,000 hectares of land. But the land that was granted turned out to be 111-sulted for hunting. Oshlng. and agriculture, the mainStays of the Mosetenes. In addition, the lands have already been exploited by coloniZers. who have cut down the most Important and valuable trees. In November 1992. the community decided to ask the Minister of Campeslnos. Agnculture, and Fishing. the Indigenous Institute ofBoUvta (liB). and the government for land In the Muchane plains as compensation. An 1880 document gtves the Mosetenes sole ownership of the territory. which IS four hours away from Santa Ana. The Vol7 Hum 1 & 2 director of the DB assures the community that their demand will be considered, but there are other people Interested In the land. Juan Torres, National Deputy and former member of the Consctence of the Country (CONDEPA. a ncopopulist organization) claimS to have deeds to the territory. According to the Mosetenes he has been extracting resources from the land. A company named San Loretl7.o also Intends to take advantage of the lumber resources. TlmberexploltaUon ts Intense 1n that region of La Paz. According to a report by the Coordinator of Solidarity with the Indigenous Peoples. approximately 60 trucks. each with Ove logs. leaves the forest along one road each day. ThiS meansthatatleast 108.000treesarecutannually. Much of the wood goes to waste because It IS cut poorly. 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: The Indian March Continues Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: The Indian March Continues Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 17 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note Representatives of the Isibon-Secure National Indian Park Territory (TIPNIS) met in San Bernardo and resolved to march on Trinidad to demand compliance with Supreme Decree 22610. Attachment Title The Indian March Continues.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chimanes Mojenos TIPNIS Trinidad Yuracares