29 12 1190 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/9057ae59143b6d50871701019eeb5827.pdf 6e6a2c8a1a11e26b50cc452abd5c2b37 PDF Text Text SAIIC hosts "The South American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00P.M. on KPFA (FM94.1) in northern California. The program includes interviews with South American Indians regarding current issues, an update of recent events in South America from an Indian perspective, and traditional and modern South American Indian music. Listen in. If you are beyond our range, you can order a cassette of the latest program from SAIIC by sending $8.00 to: American Friends Service Committee/ SAIIC, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707. INTERVIEW WITH NILDA CALLANAUPA, QUECHUA FROM PERU SAIIC was fortunate to be visited by Nilda Callanaupa, who was in the United States to participate in the Handweavers Conference held in San Jose. Nilda is a weaver from the community of Chincheros, about a day's walk from the city of Cuzco, Peru. SAIIC: Do the people in your community use what is woven there? NILDA: Yes, especially the mantas. The women use them all the time. Women use them daily. One wraps the baby; one is to keep you warm from the cold mountain air; and one is for Agnes Tso, Navajo weaver and teacher carrying the baby or other things on your back. So women use three mantas every day. And each at Hintil Kuu Co, the American Indian woman weaves her clothing. pre-school in Oakland, with Nilda Callanaupa (right). Photo: S. Lobo SAIIC: Can you tell us about your family? NILDA: My father was a peon on a hacienda. He had a small piece of land, but he had to work for a hacienda to be allowed to work his land. When Velasco became president in 1968, he reduced the size of some of the haciendas, and my father was fortunate to be freed of this system. He tells many things He suffered terribly because of the hacienda owners. For about life on the haciendas. example, my father had to work from six in the morning until six in the evening, and it was two hours to walk from home to where he worked, all of it up a steep hill. At night he returned home exhausted; he slept a few hours and had to return to work. And the best sheep and cattle went to the hacienda owner. He could just say, "This one and this one is for me." The situation was incredible under the hacienda system. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 9 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "The South American Indian Update" Radio Show Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title "The South American Indian Update" Radio Show Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (9).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 9 Abstract Note SAIIC hosts "The South American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00P.M. on KPFA (FM94.1) in northern California. NILDA CALLANAUPA Peru Radio Program http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/2c6116578bc69f87dd91428b0b4b7ecd.pdf ca025c9c2c704d735b79f27ac2a47bdd PDF Text Text people refer to the U.S. people (including Indians) as imperialists who come to their countries to kill and terrorize. We cannot deny this unfortunate title describing the U.S. relationship with other countries. However, many of us do not agree with the u.s. policies in Latin America and other regions. Indians in the United States have always been the victims of imperialism, and also suffer the contemporary threat of being divided and conquered. The F.B.I. and other espionage groups that have undermined the indigenous people continue to be a threat to Indians in the United States. If indigenous people are to maintain their tribal cohesiveness, traditional homelands, culture, and other essential values, it is a must to create solidarity with other indigenous people. We must counsel and educate youth about how indigenous people are manipulated by the military to obliterate other indigenous people. Hopefully, through a better understanding and awareness, such oppression and bloodshed will be eliminated. History has revealed to us how indigenous people were obliterated and quickly assimilated into the mainstream culture by the use of Indian scouts and spies. If this "sellout" behavior does not cease, we will loose everything we have, from the lands we occupy to the culture, and lives of many people. --James Muneta PERU Peruvian Indians are in the midst of a major crisis that is reason for renewed solidarity with their struggle against ethnocidal forces. As a nation, Peru is suffering under extreme inflation, and the effects of devaluation that the government has imposed in an attempt to pay off an international debt of over $13 billion. Indian people who represent more than half the population, and who most often suffer from poverty are are hardest hit by this extreme economic situation. The International Monetary Fund representing the interests of industrialized European and North American nations, and multinational interests, began making high interest loans to Peru in 1976. These loans are often intended for "development" projects, which often mean roads cutting through indigenous homelands and sacred areas for government and private industry access to timber, minerals, and petroleum. Another face of development has been the government policy of encouraging Quechuaspeaking Indians from Andean mountain villages, whose land has been taken from them, to settle in colonies in the jungle to the east of the Andes. Government officials in Lima do not respect the fact that these jungle areas are the territories of sixty different Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 7 �Indian nations. When the government relocates highland Quechua Indians in colonies in the jungle, they see it as a means to "pacify" and "civilize" the jungle peoples, while at the same time placate the highlanders' need for land. The scenario is only too familiar: multinationals determined to extract natural resources no matter at what human cost; a national government with its back to the wall in debt to international banking interests becomes willing to compromise the land and the people; and Indian nations find themselves in a conflict in which the survival of all Indian people is threatened. The war currently being fought in Peru between the Sendero Luminoso and Justice Chavez and her baby. Photo: F. Lobo government forces is a brutal conflict with more than 4,000 people killed and over 2,000 disappeared and presumed dead in the past four years. Most are Quechua Indians. International loans to Peru have paid for much of the Peruvian military buildup. Currently the Reagan administration is asking Congress to approve an increase in military assistance to Peru from its current level of $8.8 million to $74 million in 1986. Reagan's push to increase military aid is ominous and does not point to a future where the killing of Indians will stop. One of the results of the violence in the highlands and the lack of food is that many Indians are fleeing to the cities of the coast, particularly Lima, to live with relatives who have settled in the squatter settlements there. Over half the population of Lima now consists of migrants from the highlands, and the vast majority of these people are Indian. Life in the squatter settlements is always a struggle for survival, and now with more and more people fleeing from the armed violence in the highlands, it is even more difficult for families to survive each day. CISA, the South American Indian Council, which holds non-governmental organization status with the United Nations, represents a major organizing force among the approximately forty million Indians of South America. The CISA office is located in Peru (Apartado Postal 2054, Lima 100, Peru) and publishes the bulletin Pueblo Indio (subscription $12) which gives information regarding the Indian situation in Peru and throughout South America. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peru Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Peru Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (7-8).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Peruvian Indians are in the midst of a major crisis that is reason for renewed solidarity with their struggle against ethnocidal forces. Pages 7-8 inflation Peru Peruvian Indians http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/28c24aa303a3a578ab6c6e61253e4fef.pdf 66107ccad54d6d1f5eedb7bf52f97456 PDF Text Text IMPERIALISM AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE In 1966 the United States sent a special military force to Bolivia that included North American Indians. This secret mission used North American Indians to spy and infiltrate because they look similar to the Bolivian Indians. This special military force was instructed to hunt down Che Guervara and execute him. As a result, Che Guevara and many others were killed. Many Indian brothers from the United States are now being used in military activity in Central America. Furthermore, the Civilian Military Assistance (CMA), a private U.S. group, is organizing a team of American Indian Vietnam veterans to train some anti-Sandinista Miskitu Indians in Honduras. They will teach these Miskitu Indians demolition and weapons training techniques to fight the Sandinistas. Indian people who participated in these military actions often speak of their experiences in Bolivia and Central America and knowledge of their participation is widely known in the Indian Community. This type of military tactic is nothing new for American Indians. Historically, the indigenous people of the American continent have suffered genacide from the invading colonists. In many cases the colonists were successful in annihilating tribes because they utilized Indian guides and scouts supplied the conquerors with vital information The more information the conquerors obtained, the easier it was to obliterate these indigenous people. Per~ haps without such vital information and assistance from ~ Indian spies and scouts, the colonists may have never conquered many tribes. The exact reasons why these "sell-out" Indians or traitors assisted the conquerors is not known. Perhaps their behavior resulted from the confusion that the imperialists intentionally created to fragment the tribes and conquer them. Or these "sell-out" Indians may have been seeking revenge by utilizing the colonial forces as a weapon against their enemies. Or perhaps they desired a reward that would improve their personal livelihood. Today in the U.S., numerous Indians are recruited or voluntarily join the military. Many of these individuals end up in the combat portion of the U.S. military. These Indian youth are prospective candidates for the Central Intelligence Agency and other secret mercenary forces that specialize in killing people. For whatever reason, they enlist in the military, they are in general unemployed, young, and seeking opportunities to better themselves economically. Sadly, this is the situation of contemporary Indians and has made many indigenous Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 6 �people refer to the U.S. people (including Indians) as imperialists who come to their countries to kill and terrorize. We cannot deny this unfortunate title describing the U.S. relationship with other countries. However, many of us do not agree with the u.s. policies in Latin America and other regions. Indians in the United States have always been the victims of imperialism, and also suffer the contemporary threat of being divided and conquered. The F.B.I. and other espionage groups that have undermined the indigenous people continue to be a threat to Indians in the United States. If indigenous people are to maintain their tribal cohesiveness, traditional homelands, culture, and other essential values, it is a must to create solidarity with other indigenous people. We must counsel and educate youth about how indigenous people are manipulated by the military to obliterate other indigenous people. Hopefully, through a better understanding and awareness, such oppression and bloodshed will be eliminated. History has revealed to us how indigenous people were obliterated and quickly assimilated into the mainstream culture by the use of Indian scouts and spies. If this "sellout" behavior does not cease, we will loose everything we have, from the lands we occupy to the culture, and lives of many people. --James Muneta PERU Peruvian Indians are in the midst of a major crisis that is reason for renewed solidarity with their struggle against ethnocidal forces. As a nation, Peru is suffering under extreme inflation, and the effects of devaluation that the government has imposed in an attempt to pay off an international debt of over $13 billion. Indian people who represent more than half the population, and who most often suffer from poverty are are hardest hit by this extreme economic situation. The International Monetary Fund representing the interests of industrialized European and North American nations, and multinational interests, began making high interest loans to Peru in 1976. These loans are often intended for "development" projects, which often mean roads cutting through indigenous homelands and sacred areas for government and private industry access to timber, minerals, and petroleum. Another face of development has been the government policy of encouraging Quechuaspeaking Indians from Andean mountain villages, whose land has been taken from them, to settle in colonies in the jungle to the east of the Andes. Government officials in Lima do not respect the fact that these jungle areas are the territories of sixty different Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Imperialism and Indigenous People Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Imperialism and Indigenous People Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (6-7).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note In 1966 the United States sent a special military force to Bolivia that included North American Indians. Pages 6-7 Che Guervara Imperialism Indigenous Peoples http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/fd24a155b7e27bcbd5a22410e8e0ad7f.pdf 92686e223543f69db8610765d6df12cc PDF Text Text gations which support ANIS's allegations. Although much of the population of El Salvador is descended from the people who lived in the area before the arrival of the Spanish in the 1500s, membership in ANIS totals only about 8,000 people. Indian traditions have diminished widely since 1932, when the military crushed a popular uprising in the western part of El Salvador by massacring some 30,000 people. Indian communities were primary targets of the assault, and many Indians subsequently abandoned traditional customs in an effort to avoid further repression. UPDATE ON GUATEMALAN REFUGEES IN MEXICO The Mexican government has announced its intentions to relocate over 30,000 Guatemalan refugees (those still living in recognized settlements in Chiapas) to the state of Campeche and Quintana Roo on the Yucatan peninsula by the end of July. In fact, forcible relocation has already begun. On May 12, 1985, the Mexican army moved into the camp of Media Luna and rounded up and evacuated over 200 people. They were taken to Quintana Roo with none of the usual rest stops en route. The refugees have consistently opposed relocation. Moving from Chiapas would mean abandoning the community and resources which have been painstakingly built over the past 4 years. Moving away from the border is a ·........· i threat to their culture ( and identification as Guatemalans and as Mayan indigenous people. The move symbolizes a permanent integration into Mexican society and giving up all hope of returning to Guatemala. For more information please contact the Guatemala Relief Project, P.O. Box 7197, Oakland, CA 94601, (415) 2615648. ·~- Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guatemalan Refugees in Mexico Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Guatemalan Refugees in Mexico Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note The Mexican government has announced its intentions to relocate over 30,000 Guatemalan refugees (those still living in recognized settlements in Chiapas) to the state of Campeche and Quintana Roo on the Yucatan peninsula by the end of July. Pages 5 Guatemala Mexico Refugees http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/4d11890cfc3fd139358df916933a5117.pdf 71dbc3e62180fe05079c850bf6983279 PDF Text Text ---------, Sweden and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, that have been stimulating the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and the Organization MISURASATA. We wish to extend special recognition to the Government of Colombia that hosted the two first meetings of this process." Mexico D.F., April 22, 1985 For the Government of Nicaragua, Comandante Luis Carrion. For MISURASATA, Brooklyn Rivera. *Preliminary reports on the May negotiations in Colombia indicate difficulties between the principal negotiators. SAIIC expresses the hope that the talks produce positive results soon~ EL SALVADOR The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans (Asociacion Nacional Indigena Salvadorena, or ANIS) is conducting a campaign to force a trial of government military forces who killed 74 members of an Indian farming cooperative called Las Hojas. According to an article in the New York Times on February 25, 1985, leaders of the community say the attack resulted from a dispute between the village and "two large neighboring landowners who wanted access to the Indians' lands." The landowners enlisted the aid of local military forces by claiming that the villagers were supporters of the leftist guerrillas who operate in other parts of El Salvador. About 200 soldiers entered Las Hojas early on February 23, 1983, and dragged away Indians singled-out by hooded informants who villagers claim work on the neighboring estates. The bodies of those abducted were later found scattered in the surrounding countryside, most with their arms and legs tied together and bullet wounds in their heads. Although the identities of the army officers who commanded the attack are known, they have not been disciplined by the army or indicted by civilian courts. A lawyer for ANIS is quoted as saying that judges are afraid to pursue the case. "If they touch the army they will be threatened or killed." ANIS leaders have met with two presidents of El Salvador, the chief of staff of the army, the attorney general, and the United States ambassador in an effort to bring the killers to trial. Both the United States embassy and the Salvadoran government's official Human Rights Commission have conducted investiVol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC.@ 1985. Page 4 �gations which support ANIS's allegations. Although much of the population of El Salvador is descended from the people who lived in the area before the arrival of the Spanish in the 1500s, membership in ANIS totals only about 8,000 people. Indian traditions have diminished widely since 1932, when the military crushed a popular uprising in the western part of El Salvador by massacring some 30,000 people. Indian communities were primary targets of the assault, and many Indians subsequently abandoned traditional customs in an effort to avoid further repression. UPDATE ON GUATEMALAN REFUGEES IN MEXICO The Mexican government has announced its intentions to relocate over 30,000 Guatemalan refugees (those still living in recognized settlements in Chiapas) to the state of Campeche and Quintana Roo on the Yucatan peninsula by the end of July. In fact, forcible relocation has already begun. On May 12, 1985, the Mexican army moved into the camp of Media Luna and rounded up and evacuated over 200 people. They were taken to Quintana Roo with none of the usual rest stops en route. The refugees have consistently opposed relocation. Moving from Chiapas would mean abandoning the community and resources which have been painstakingly built over the past 4 years. Moving away from the border is a ·........· i threat to their culture ( and identification as Guatemalans and as Mayan indigenous people. The move symbolizes a permanent integration into Mexican society and giving up all hope of returning to Guatemala. For more information please contact the Guatemala Relief Project, P.O. Box 7197, Oakland, CA 94601, (415) 2615648. ·~- Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El Salvador Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title El Slavador Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (4-5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 4-5 Abstract Note The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans is conducting a campaign to force a trail of government military forces who killed 74 members of Los Hojas. El Salvador The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/f89edd240245dde692317ccadc6e7c1c.pdf 8ef6123b2d435fe149b361898b799e08 PDF Text Text NICARAGUA Representatives of the Nicaraguan government and of the Miskitu MISURASATA organization met again on April 20-22 in Mexico in order to find a peaceful solution to the conflict that has existed between them since 1979. SAIIC supports these peace talks, whose purposes are to avoid more suffering for the Miskitus, Sumos, and Ramas people of the Atlantic Coast, and to succeed in involving the Indian population in the revolutionary process while assuring their autonomy. SAIIC is hopeful that an agreement will be reached soon, keeping in mind the continuous intent of the Reagan administration to intervene in Central America and to destroy the Nicaraguan Revolution. The following statement was sent to SAIIC by the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP, 555 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5): "The MISURASATA delegation was headed by Brooklyn Rivera and included Ronas Dolores, Delano Martinez Zamora, Samuel Mercado, Julian Holmes and Armstrong Wiggins. The delegation of the Government of Nicaragua was headed by Comandante Luis Carrion Cruz, Vice Minister of the Interior; Comandante Guillermo Omar Cabezas Lacayo; Comandante Guillermo Humberto Campbell; Dr. Mirna Cunningham; Dr. Augusto Zamora and Orlando Gonzales Ubilla. Observer-Guarantors were the World Council of Indigenous Peoples headed by the President, Mr. Clem Chartier and Vice-Presidents Donald Rojas Maroto and Hayden Burgess; Asuncion Ontiveros (CISA); Alejandro Swaby (CORPI); Louis Bruyere, North American Regional Council and Rodrigo Contreras from the Secretariat of WCIP. Also, Government Observer-Guarantors included representatives of Mexico, Colombia, Canada, Sweden and Holland. 11 In addition to the Observor-Guarantors, were indigenous leaders from the Six Nations Confederacy [Iroquois]; Confederation of Indian Nations from the Amazonas in Ecuador; Inter Ethnic Development Association of the Amazonas in Peru; the National Indian Youth Council from Alburquerque, New Mexico and the National Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Colombia (ONIC). Also present at the meeting was the president of the Moravian Church, Rev. Andy Shogreen." The following is an unofficial translation of a communique issued by both parties .. to the negotiations. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 2 �"The delegations of the Republic of Nicaragua and MISURASATA organization that have met in Mexico City April 20-21-22 of this year, giving continuity to the negotiation process initiated in Bogota last year, communicate to the people of Nicaragua, and to the international community, the following: "A) During the course of the conversations, maintained in an atmosphere of mutual respect, we have achieved concrete advances to the mutual understanding in the exploration of measures to promote peace and the well being of the people of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua. "B) The Government delegation and MISURASATA, as they have not arrived at definite agreements regarding the fundamental issues to a just solution to the present conflict and as a consequence, pacification in the region has not been achieved between the Government Armed Forces and the MISURASATA Forces. They will continue discussing in future rounds such issues (land, autonomy, natural resources, total cease fire in the region, etc.) "C) Both delegations demonstrating good faith and good will to progress concretely in these negotiations, have established the following agreements: 11 1) To bring immediate relief to the present situation to the Indigenous Communities of the Atlantic Coast, and to create a more favorable climate to the continuation of the negotiations, the Government of Nicaragua and MISURASATA, establish: "a) The Government of Nicaragua will facilitate the reestablishment of medical and food supplies through its own institutions, as well as assistance to the communities by humanitarian institutions in coordination with the Government of Nicaragua. Also, we will facilitate the reestablishment of subsistance activities, (fishing, hunting, agriculture and trading) of the indigenous and creole communities affected by the present conflict in the region. MISURASATA will orient its bases to support and observe the realization of this agreement. "b) The Government and MISURASATA agree to avoid offensive actions between the Government Armed Forces and MISURASATA Forces, in this way to support the implementation of the commitment of the content in section a. "2) The Government of Nicaragua will extend immediately the Amnesty Decree of December 1st, 1983, to include all Miskitu, Sumo, Rama and Creole that are still in jails due to their participation or connection with MISURASATA or MISURA. This will take effect within seven (7) days after signing this document. "D) The next round of discussions will take place in the City of Bogota, May 2526, 1985. * "E) Both delegations express their gratitude for the hospitality and the facilities given by the Government of Mexico to the realization of the meeting. "As well, both delegations express their gratitude for the presence of the Ambassadors and Representatives of the Governments of Canada, Colombia, France, Netherlands, Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 19B5. Page 3 �---------, Sweden and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, that have been stimulating the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and the Organization MISURASATA. We wish to extend special recognition to the Government of Colombia that hosted the two first meetings of this process." Mexico D.F., April 22, 1985 For the Government of Nicaragua, Comandante Luis Carrion. For MISURASATA, Brooklyn Rivera. *Preliminary reports on the May negotiations in Colombia indicate difficulties between the principal negotiators. SAIIC expresses the hope that the talks produce positive results soon~ EL SALVADOR The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans (Asociacion Nacional Indigena Salvadorena, or ANIS) is conducting a campaign to force a trial of government military forces who killed 74 members of an Indian farming cooperative called Las Hojas. According to an article in the New York Times on February 25, 1985, leaders of the community say the attack resulted from a dispute between the village and "two large neighboring landowners who wanted access to the Indians' lands." The landowners enlisted the aid of local military forces by claiming that the villagers were supporters of the leftist guerrillas who operate in other parts of El Salvador. About 200 soldiers entered Las Hojas early on February 23, 1983, and dragged away Indians singled-out by hooded informants who villagers claim work on the neighboring estates. The bodies of those abducted were later found scattered in the surrounding countryside, most with their arms and legs tied together and bullet wounds in their heads. Although the identities of the army officers who commanded the attack are known, they have not been disciplined by the army or indicted by civilian courts. A lawyer for ANIS is quoted as saying that judges are afraid to pursue the case. "If they touch the army they will be threatened or killed." ANIS leaders have met with two presidents of El Salvador, the chief of staff of the army, the attorney general, and the United States ambassador in an effort to bring the killers to trial. Both the United States embassy and the Salvadoran government's official Human Rights Commission have conducted investiVol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC.@ 1985. Page 4 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nicaragua Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Nicaragua Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (2-4).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 2-4 Abstract Note Representatives of the Nicaraguan government and of the Miskitu Misurasata organization met to find peaceful resolutions to the conflict between them. Miskitu MISURASATA Nicaragua http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/cf20eb18a45ff6ed7695d8aab9491a92.pdf 13d21dde97793648d0216f86457b3571 PDF Text Text sAHc N E WS L E T T E R South American Indian Information Center (SAIIC) P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, California 94707 - USA Phone 415-521-2779 Dear Sisters and Brothers, Thank you for your continued support. who are reading the SAIIC Newsletter for the first time. This issue of the newsletter is larger and more diverse than previous ones. We hope you find it informative. Our goal is to facilitate the exchange of information among all those interested in Indian issues in South, Central, and North America by providing summaries in English of news we receive from non-English-speaking areas of the Americas. The SAIIC Newsletter is the result of a collaborative effort by many people. Our strength lies in bringing together a diversity of issues and styles that represent the range of our personal experiences, in order to increase the understanding of indigenous issues in the Americas. If you know others who would be interested in the SAIIC Newsletter, please pass this one on or make copies and pass them around. Thanks. SAIIC relies on the contributions of its members and friends. Your support is needed and greatly appreciated to assist us in continuing our newsletter, publications, radio program, and sponsoring the visits of South American Indians. All contributions, which are tax deductible, will go directly to furthering SAIIC's work. Checks should be made out to The American Friend's Service Committee/South American Indian Information Center and sent to P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707. For more information about SAIIC's work and the projects we are planning, please write us or call: (415) 521-2779 or 527-5687. 1H'Check your mailing label. If i t has an 11 M, 11 this will be your last newsletter until we receive your subscription. Sincerely, The SAIIC Committee Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC.@ 1985. Page 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thank You to Subscribers and Donors and Statement of Mission Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Thank You to Subscribers and Donors and Statement of Mission Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (1).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 1 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/baf7b83025325e0514c4e5535b7f3aed.pdf bf2dc8718a1b01bf04607ee288927397 PDF Text Text sAHc N E WS L E T T E R South American Indian Information Center (SAIIC) P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, California 94707 - USA Phone 415-521-2779 Dear Sisters and Brothers, Thank you for your continued support. who are reading the SAIIC Newsletter for the first time. This issue of the newsletter is larger and more diverse than previous ones. We hope you find it informative. Our goal is to facilitate the exchange of information among all those interested in Indian issues in South, Central, and North America by providing summaries in English of news we receive from non-English-speaking areas of the Americas. The SAIIC Newsletter is the result of a collaborative effort by many people. Our strength lies in bringing together a diversity of issues and styles that represent the range of our personal experiences, in order to increase the understanding of indigenous issues in the Americas. If you know others who would be interested in the SAIIC Newsletter, please pass this one on or make copies and pass them around. Thanks. SAIIC relies on the contributions of its members and friends. Your support is needed and greatly appreciated to assist us in continuing our newsletter, publications, radio program, and sponsoring the visits of South American Indians. All contributions, which are tax deductible, will go directly to furthering SAIIC's work. Checks should be made out to The American Friend's Service Committee/South American Indian Information Center and sent to P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707. For more information about SAIIC's work and the projects we are planning, please write us or call: (415) 521-2779 or 527-5687. 1H'Check your mailing label. If i t has an 11 M, 11 this will be your last newsletter until we receive your subscription. Sincerely, The SAIIC Committee Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC.@ 1985. Page 1 �NICARAGUA Representatives of the Nicaraguan government and of the Miskitu MISURASATA organization met again on April 20-22 in Mexico in order to find a peaceful solution to the conflict that has existed between them since 1979. SAIIC supports these peace talks, whose purposes are to avoid more suffering for the Miskitus, Sumos, and Ramas people of the Atlantic Coast, and to succeed in involving the Indian population in the revolutionary process while assuring their autonomy. SAIIC is hopeful that an agreement will be reached soon, keeping in mind the continuous intent of the Reagan administration to intervene in Central America and to destroy the Nicaraguan Revolution. The following statement was sent to SAIIC by the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP, 555 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5): "The MISURASATA delegation was headed by Brooklyn Rivera and included Ronas Dolores, Delano Martinez Zamora, Samuel Mercado, Julian Holmes and Armstrong Wiggins. The delegation of the Government of Nicaragua was headed by Comandante Luis Carrion Cruz, Vice Minister of the Interior; Comandante Guillermo Omar Cabezas Lacayo; Comandante Guillermo Humberto Campbell; Dr. Mirna Cunningham; Dr. Augusto Zamora and Orlando Gonzales Ubilla. Observer-Guarantors were the World Council of Indigenous Peoples headed by the President, Mr. Clem Chartier and Vice-Presidents Donald Rojas Maroto and Hayden Burgess; Asuncion Ontiveros (CISA); Alejandro Swaby (CORPI); Louis Bruyere, North American Regional Council and Rodrigo Contreras from the Secretariat of WCIP. Also, Government Observer-Guarantors included representatives of Mexico, Colombia, Canada, Sweden and Holland. 11 In addition to the Observor-Guarantors, were indigenous leaders from the Six Nations Confederacy [Iroquois]; Confederation of Indian Nations from the Amazonas in Ecuador; Inter Ethnic Development Association of the Amazonas in Peru; the National Indian Youth Council from Alburquerque, New Mexico and the National Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Colombia (ONIC). Also present at the meeting was the president of the Moravian Church, Rev. Andy Shogreen." The following is an unofficial translation of a communique issued by both parties .. to the negotiations. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 2 �"The delegations of the Republic of Nicaragua and MISURASATA organization that have met in Mexico City April 20-21-22 of this year, giving continuity to the negotiation process initiated in Bogota last year, communicate to the people of Nicaragua, and to the international community, the following: "A) During the course of the conversations, maintained in an atmosphere of mutual respect, we have achieved concrete advances to the mutual understanding in the exploration of measures to promote peace and the well being of the people of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua. "B) The Government delegation and MISURASATA, as they have not arrived at definite agreements regarding the fundamental issues to a just solution to the present conflict and as a consequence, pacification in the region has not been achieved between the Government Armed Forces and the MISURASATA Forces. They will continue discussing in future rounds such issues (land, autonomy, natural resources, total cease fire in the region, etc.) "C) Both delegations demonstrating good faith and good will to progress concretely in these negotiations, have established the following agreements: 11 1) To bring immediate relief to the present situation to the Indigenous Communities of the Atlantic Coast, and to create a more favorable climate to the continuation of the negotiations, the Government of Nicaragua and MISURASATA, establish: "a) The Government of Nicaragua will facilitate the reestablishment of medical and food supplies through its own institutions, as well as assistance to the communities by humanitarian institutions in coordination with the Government of Nicaragua. Also, we will facilitate the reestablishment of subsistance activities, (fishing, hunting, agriculture and trading) of the indigenous and creole communities affected by the present conflict in the region. MISURASATA will orient its bases to support and observe the realization of this agreement. "b) The Government and MISURASATA agree to avoid offensive actions between the Government Armed Forces and MISURASATA Forces, in this way to support the implementation of the commitment of the content in section a. "2) The Government of Nicaragua will extend immediately the Amnesty Decree of December 1st, 1983, to include all Miskitu, Sumo, Rama and Creole that are still in jails due to their participation or connection with MISURASATA or MISURA. This will take effect within seven (7) days after signing this document. "D) The next round of discussions will take place in the City of Bogota, May 2526, 1985. * "E) Both delegations express their gratitude for the hospitality and the facilities given by the Government of Mexico to the realization of the meeting. "As well, both delegations express their gratitude for the presence of the Ambassadors and Representatives of the Governments of Canada, Colombia, France, Netherlands, Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 19B5. Page 3 �---------, Sweden and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, that have been stimulating the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and the Organization MISURASATA. We wish to extend special recognition to the Government of Colombia that hosted the two first meetings of this process." Mexico D.F., April 22, 1985 For the Government of Nicaragua, Comandante Luis Carrion. For MISURASATA, Brooklyn Rivera. *Preliminary reports on the May negotiations in Colombia indicate difficulties between the principal negotiators. SAIIC expresses the hope that the talks produce positive results soon~ EL SALVADOR The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans (Asociacion Nacional Indigena Salvadorena, or ANIS) is conducting a campaign to force a trial of government military forces who killed 74 members of an Indian farming cooperative called Las Hojas. According to an article in the New York Times on February 25, 1985, leaders of the community say the attack resulted from a dispute between the village and "two large neighboring landowners who wanted access to the Indians' lands." The landowners enlisted the aid of local military forces by claiming that the villagers were supporters of the leftist guerrillas who operate in other parts of El Salvador. About 200 soldiers entered Las Hojas early on February 23, 1983, and dragged away Indians singled-out by hooded informants who villagers claim work on the neighboring estates. The bodies of those abducted were later found scattered in the surrounding countryside, most with their arms and legs tied together and bullet wounds in their heads. Although the identities of the army officers who commanded the attack are known, they have not been disciplined by the army or indicted by civilian courts. A lawyer for ANIS is quoted as saying that judges are afraid to pursue the case. "If they touch the army they will be threatened or killed." ANIS leaders have met with two presidents of El Salvador, the chief of staff of the army, the attorney general, and the United States ambassador in an effort to bring the killers to trial. Both the United States embassy and the Salvadoran government's official Human Rights Commission have conducted investiVol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC.@ 1985. Page 4 �gations which support ANIS's allegations. Although much of the population of El Salvador is descended from the people who lived in the area before the arrival of the Spanish in the 1500s, membership in ANIS totals only about 8,000 people. Indian traditions have diminished widely since 1932, when the military crushed a popular uprising in the western part of El Salvador by massacring some 30,000 people. Indian communities were primary targets of the assault, and many Indians subsequently abandoned traditional customs in an effort to avoid further repression. UPDATE ON GUATEMALAN REFUGEES IN MEXICO The Mexican government has announced its intentions to relocate over 30,000 Guatemalan refugees (those still living in recognized settlements in Chiapas) to the state of Campeche and Quintana Roo on the Yucatan peninsula by the end of July. In fact, forcible relocation has already begun. On May 12, 1985, the Mexican army moved into the camp of Media Luna and rounded up and evacuated over 200 people. They were taken to Quintana Roo with none of the usual rest stops en route. The refugees have consistently opposed relocation. Moving from Chiapas would mean abandoning the community and resources which have been painstakingly built over the past 4 years. Moving away from the border is a ·........· i threat to their culture ( and identification as Guatemalans and as Mayan indigenous people. The move symbolizes a permanent integration into Mexican society and giving up all hope of returning to Guatemala. For more information please contact the Guatemala Relief Project, P.O. Box 7197, Oakland, CA 94601, (415) 2615648. ·~- Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 5 �IMPERIALISM AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE In 1966 the United States sent a special military force to Bolivia that included North American Indians. This secret mission used North American Indians to spy and infiltrate because they look similar to the Bolivian Indians. This special military force was instructed to hunt down Che Guervara and execute him. As a result, Che Guevara and many others were killed. Many Indian brothers from the United States are now being used in military activity in Central America. Furthermore, the Civilian Military Assistance (CMA), a private U.S. group, is organizing a team of American Indian Vietnam veterans to train some anti-Sandinista Miskitu Indians in Honduras. They will teach these Miskitu Indians demolition and weapons training techniques to fight the Sandinistas. Indian people who participated in these military actions often speak of their experiences in Bolivia and Central America and knowledge of their participation is widely known in the Indian Community. This type of military tactic is nothing new for American Indians. Historically, the indigenous people of the American continent have suffered genacide from the invading colonists. In many cases the colonists were successful in annihilating tribes because they utilized Indian guides and scouts supplied the conquerors with vital information The more information the conquerors obtained, the easier it was to obliterate these indigenous people. Per~ haps without such vital information and assistance from ~ Indian spies and scouts, the colonists may have never conquered many tribes. The exact reasons why these "sell-out" Indians or traitors assisted the conquerors is not known. Perhaps their behavior resulted from the confusion that the imperialists intentionally created to fragment the tribes and conquer them. Or these "sell-out" Indians may have been seeking revenge by utilizing the colonial forces as a weapon against their enemies. Or perhaps they desired a reward that would improve their personal livelihood. Today in the U.S., numerous Indians are recruited or voluntarily join the military. Many of these individuals end up in the combat portion of the U.S. military. These Indian youth are prospective candidates for the Central Intelligence Agency and other secret mercenary forces that specialize in killing people. For whatever reason, they enlist in the military, they are in general unemployed, young, and seeking opportunities to better themselves economically. Sadly, this is the situation of contemporary Indians and has made many indigenous Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 6 �people refer to the U.S. people (including Indians) as imperialists who come to their countries to kill and terrorize. We cannot deny this unfortunate title describing the U.S. relationship with other countries. However, many of us do not agree with the u.s. policies in Latin America and other regions. Indians in the United States have always been the victims of imperialism, and also suffer the contemporary threat of being divided and conquered. The F.B.I. and other espionage groups that have undermined the indigenous people continue to be a threat to Indians in the United States. If indigenous people are to maintain their tribal cohesiveness, traditional homelands, culture, and other essential values, it is a must to create solidarity with other indigenous people. We must counsel and educate youth about how indigenous people are manipulated by the military to obliterate other indigenous people. Hopefully, through a better understanding and awareness, such oppression and bloodshed will be eliminated. History has revealed to us how indigenous people were obliterated and quickly assimilated into the mainstream culture by the use of Indian scouts and spies. If this "sellout" behavior does not cease, we will loose everything we have, from the lands we occupy to the culture, and lives of many people. --James Muneta PERU Peruvian Indians are in the midst of a major crisis that is reason for renewed solidarity with their struggle against ethnocidal forces. As a nation, Peru is suffering under extreme inflation, and the effects of devaluation that the government has imposed in an attempt to pay off an international debt of over $13 billion. Indian people who represent more than half the population, and who most often suffer from poverty are are hardest hit by this extreme economic situation. The International Monetary Fund representing the interests of industrialized European and North American nations, and multinational interests, began making high interest loans to Peru in 1976. These loans are often intended for "development" projects, which often mean roads cutting through indigenous homelands and sacred areas for government and private industry access to timber, minerals, and petroleum. Another face of development has been the government policy of encouraging Quechuaspeaking Indians from Andean mountain villages, whose land has been taken from them, to settle in colonies in the jungle to the east of the Andes. Government officials in Lima do not respect the fact that these jungle areas are the territories of sixty different Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 7 �Indian nations. When the government relocates highland Quechua Indians in colonies in the jungle, they see it as a means to "pacify" and "civilize" the jungle peoples, while at the same time placate the highlanders' need for land. The scenario is only too familiar: multinationals determined to extract natural resources no matter at what human cost; a national government with its back to the wall in debt to international banking interests becomes willing to compromise the land and the people; and Indian nations find themselves in a conflict in which the survival of all Indian people is threatened. The war currently being fought in Peru between the Sendero Luminoso and Justice Chavez and her baby. Photo: F. Lobo government forces is a brutal conflict with more than 4,000 people killed and over 2,000 disappeared and presumed dead in the past four years. Most are Quechua Indians. International loans to Peru have paid for much of the Peruvian military buildup. Currently the Reagan administration is asking Congress to approve an increase in military assistance to Peru from its current level of $8.8 million to $74 million in 1986. Reagan's push to increase military aid is ominous and does not point to a future where the killing of Indians will stop. One of the results of the violence in the highlands and the lack of food is that many Indians are fleeing to the cities of the coast, particularly Lima, to live with relatives who have settled in the squatter settlements there. Over half the population of Lima now consists of migrants from the highlands, and the vast majority of these people are Indian. Life in the squatter settlements is always a struggle for survival, and now with more and more people fleeing from the armed violence in the highlands, it is even more difficult for families to survive each day. CISA, the South American Indian Council, which holds non-governmental organization status with the United Nations, represents a major organizing force among the approximately forty million Indians of South America. The CISA office is located in Peru (Apartado Postal 2054, Lima 100, Peru) and publishes the bulletin Pueblo Indio (subscription $12) which gives information regarding the Indian situation in Peru and throughout South America. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 8 �SAIIC hosts "The South American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00P.M. on KPFA (FM94.1) in northern California. The program includes interviews with South American Indians regarding current issues, an update of recent events in South America from an Indian perspective, and traditional and modern South American Indian music. Listen in. If you are beyond our range, you can order a cassette of the latest program from SAIIC by sending $8.00 to: American Friends Service Committee/ SAIIC, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707. INTERVIEW WITH NILDA CALLANAUPA, QUECHUA FROM PERU SAIIC was fortunate to be visited by Nilda Callanaupa, who was in the United States to participate in the Handweavers Conference held in San Jose. Nilda is a weaver from the community of Chincheros, about a day's walk from the city of Cuzco, Peru. SAIIC: Do the people in your community use what is woven there? NILDA: Yes, especially the mantas. The women use them all the time. Women use them daily. One wraps the baby; one is to keep you warm from the cold mountain air; and one is for Agnes Tso, Navajo weaver and teacher carrying the baby or other things on your back. So women use three mantas every day. And each at Hintil Kuu Co, the American Indian woman weaves her clothing. pre-school in Oakland, with Nilda Callanaupa (right). Photo: S. Lobo SAIIC: Can you tell us about your family? NILDA: My father was a peon on a hacienda. He had a small piece of land, but he had to work for a hacienda to be allowed to work his land. When Velasco became president in 1968, he reduced the size of some of the haciendas, and my father was fortunate to be freed of this system. He tells many things He suffered terribly because of the hacienda owners. For about life on the haciendas. example, my father had to work from six in the morning until six in the evening, and it was two hours to walk from home to where he worked, all of it up a steep hill. At night he returned home exhausted; he slept a few hours and had to return to work. And the best sheep and cattle went to the hacienda owner. He could just say, "This one and this one is for me." The situation was incredible under the hacienda system. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 9 �SAIIC: What are the current issues that your community faces? NILDA: Now the people from the city of Cuzco want to construct an airport in the valley where Chincheros is located. The business people of Cuzco want the airport constructed without giving any importance to the people of Chincheros. Our town and lands will be destroyed. But now more and more, we Indians are becoming organized, so we can fight and resist these things such as the airport. Before, the Indian people were like a kind of slave or employee who was worth nothing, who shouldn't ask questions or give opinions to those who were the bosses. But now this kind of organization has changed. SAIIC: What has made this change? NILDA: The young people are learning more year after year. SAIIC: Perhaps there will be a better future? NILDA: Yes, but who knows? Now with the economic situation, we don't really know what is going to happen. The devaluation is too much; it is incredibly exaggerated. In 1981 the sol exchange rate was 450 per dollar. Now it is 10,000 per dollar. It is an extremely grave problem. Every child who is born in Peru has debts from the time he or she is born. From the time he or she is in the womb, they have debts that can never be repaid by the time they die, no matter how hard they work. We have to work each day to repay these debts. It is an impossible situation. SAIIC: Do you have a message for Indian people in the United States? NILDA: Yes. It is a pleasure to give a warm greeting from a Peruvian Indian from the Cuzco area, from a very small community where there are many weavers and where we work growing corn and potatoes. ***URGENT BULLETIN*** The missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Puru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated May 3. Indian leaders have accused local landowners of her death. BOLIVIA From Boletin Chitakolla (subscription $10; send a bank order to Sr. Eduardo Genaro Conde Quispe, Casilla 20214, Correa Central, La Paz, Bolivia): "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 10 �called during the coming year. In Bolivia, with six million inhabitants, it is calculated that there are almost 3 million voters. Of these over one million are unable to vote due to the absence of polling places and voter registration in rural districts, which means that over one million Indians will not be able to vote. In spite of many problems, Indian political action takes many forms. There are currently 11 registered Indian political parties: MRTK: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari PI: Partido Indio MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 1) MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 2) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 1) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 2) FIAT: Frente Indio Amautico de Tawantinsuyu FINA: Frente Indio Nacional MRTK-LN: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari de Liberacion Nacional MRRK: Movimiento Revolucionario Restaurador del Kollasuyu." MOVIMIENTOS INDIOS Y ELECCIONES NACIONALES Also from Boletin Chitakolla: "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. "Consequently, it is clear that the Indian war of liberation continues. Obviously we no longer live in the 1800's. There now exist new conditions at the national and international level. The forms of domination have changed, but the essence is the same: in this country there does not exist a truly free nation that is independent, proud of its past, and with political sovereignty. Tupak Katari wisely saw into the future when, before he was executed, he announced the triumph of the Indian cause: "Me alone you will kill, but tomorrow I will return, and I will be millions. 11 CHILE The Huilliches (peoples of the south) live in the provinces of Osorno and the island of Chiloe in southern Chile. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the subsequent formation of the Chilean state, this area was called Butahuillimapu, the big land to the south. For centuries, the Huilliches were subject to the Spanish crown, and Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 1 '! �latsr tc the Chilean state. Last March, the Chief Council of Butahuillimapu met in San Juan de la Costa to discuss the current situation and take action regarding human rights. The outcome of this meeting was a statement condemning the eviction of many Huilliche families from the lands on which they had always lived. As they do not have legal titles to these lands, the military government sells them to large landowners or transnational corporations after evicting the Indian people living there. The Chief Council blames the government for these violations, demands an immediate end to the evictions, demands the recognition of Indian land, and demands the recognition and respect of the Chief Council, the traditional authority. March 28 the Second National Assembly of the Mapuche Cultural Centers was held in Temuco. Representatives from the regions of Cautin, Malleco, Valdivia, Bio-Bio, Arauco, A new board of directors was elected. Some of Concepcion, and Santiago participated. the principal members are: President: Pedro Nancupil; Vice-president: Juan Lincopi; Secretary: Floriano Quinihual. One of the forms of repression used by the military government of General Pinochet in Chile is that of placing leaders of opposing organizations in internal exile in faraway or desert areas for long periods of time. Last March, two Mapuche leaders, Rosamel Millaman and Jose Santos Millao, were placed in internal exile in northern Chile for a period of 90 days. Please send Once again, the Mapuche and Huilliche peale need your solidarity. letters expressing your concern over the continuous violations of Human Rights and the Ancestral Rights of Mapuche and Huilliche people to: Sr. Coronel Miguel Espinosa G. Intendente de la IX Region Temuco, Chile Sr. Ministro del Interior Ricardo Garcia Rodriquez Edificio Diego Portales Santiago, Chile ***URGENT BULLETIN*** SAIIC has just received word that Mapuche leader Rosamel Millamanco Trecananco was detained by government authorities May 28 in the community of Panquipilli. He is being held incommunicado. Please direct letters or telegrams to the Minister of the Interior expressing concern for his welfare and calling for his immediate release. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 12 �SOFIA PAINIQUEO SAIIC recently sponsored a visit to the Bay Area by Sofia Painiqueo which gave her the opportunity to meet many people and to give a number of presentations. As a traditional Mapuche singer, and as one of the founders of the Mapuche Cultural Centers and AD-MAPU, she had much to say regarding her people's history and current concerns, including the following comments made on SAIIC's monthly radio program. "We, the Mapuche people, are a nation, a nation within the Chilean nation. Speaking historically about our Mapuche nation, before the Spanish arrived we had a nomadic way of life. Our nation covered an area consisting of 32 million hectares. It extended from what is now the city of Copiapo to the Gulf of Reloncavi, This means that the Mapuches were able to move freely from north to south and east to west, from ocean to ocean. "When the conquerors came, we had to fight a war, to fight 300 years of war, a cruel and bloody war. The men had to go to fight, to defend their land, to defend the liberty of their people. "After those 300 years of war, after the Republic of Chile was established in 1810, the Mapuches have had to continue to struggle stronger and more permanently. They have had to struggle against the laws imposed on them, against the pacts and agreements that were made to maintain these laws. Their lands became "In ~ny case, with or without laws, Mapuche land was seized. smaller L':>dl reducciones (reserves) were formed in different parts of the Chilean Sofia Painiqueo in Berkeley with Lisa Yankton. Photo: S. Lobo Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 13 �territory. The Mapuche people were reduced to small groups which diminished their strength. "Under all the governments, though, we as Mapuches have been organized. But, sadly, no government has listened to us. We have fought continually and permanently for our rights to land and to be allowed to participate under the Chilean constitution. "During our 400 years of struggle, there has only been one exception in which we did participate in a government. This was under the Allende government. This was a popular government, a democratic government. This is how the Mapuche people managed to make their own law. This is law 17,729, which deals with the defense of Indian land, or rather dealt, as it no longer exists. "I also want to make something clear to avoid misunderstandings when I say that Allende 'gave' land to Indians in Chile. For us, the Mapuche, no government alien to an aboriginal people in the American continent has the right to give the land to Indians. The lands have always been ours; they always will be ours. We want nations in general to recognize that they live on Indian land, and they must respect Indians. "After the Allende government came the coup. This is how our country fell under the rule of the military general, the current president, General Pinochet. This is also how law 2,568 was written and imposed on the Mapuche people. This law deals with the division of Indian lands. According to the government, this is the best law written for the Mapuches during their 400 years of struggle. For us, the Mapuches, this is the worst law. "We have seen and are seeing the division of land, and personal titles of domain are being given. This makes [individual] Mapuches owners of their own lands. This law also states that those who wish to no longer be Mapuches may do so legally by changing their last name. And that's it. They are no longer Mapuche. For us, at the moment, our communities are divided. We cease to be Mapuches, even without changing our names. It would no Divided, our forms of work and organization would no longer be the same. longer be communal. There would not be a form of organization to defend our land in a united way. Each will fight for his or her own little piece of land. "Where before we lived on a land covering 32 million hectares, today, with the division of the communities, we would not have more than three to four hectares per Mapuche family and each Mapuche family has 8 to 12 or more members. Where are we going to work, to produce, to raise animals? "We think that due to the current economic situation facing Chile, we will not be able to pay our taxes, so within five to ten years, we will lose our lands. And we, the Mapuches will automatically be left without land. This means extermination of the Mapuche people. We will be left without land and will have to begin working for the big landholders in order to survive as individuals, no longer as Mapuches. "We, the Mapuches, have existed by having land. And we will continue to exist if we have land. That is why the most important part of our Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 14 �------------------- struggle has always been the domain of land. Land for us is Mother Earth, she which gives us life, the base of our existence, the base of our economy, and no people, no country, can continue to live without land. That is why we fight, for our land." The Jornada sabre Oescriminacion will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 1922. It is sponsored by the Secretaria de Lucha Contra el Racismo of the World Council of Churches. For more information contact Yvone Quiroga, Cotagaita 1887, Ramos Mejia 1704, Buenos Aires, Argentina. With the recent transition to civilian government after twentyone years of military rule in Brazil, there has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs. However, according to the latest issue of Poratim (subscription $15; send a bank order to CIMI/PORATIM, Edificio Venancio III, Sala 310, Caixa Postal 11-1159, CEP 70084, Brasilia, OF, Brasil), it now appears that an accountant who rose through the FUNAI bureaucracy during military rule will occupy the top position in the agency for the immediate future. Poratim suggests this reflects both the priorities of FUNAI, 75% of whose budget is consumed by the salaries of the agency's employees, as well as the slow pace of change that can be expected from the new government. Another important issue on the horizon in Brazil is the apportionment of seats in the assembly which is to be elected next year to write a new constitution. Indian groups say they should be able to select Indian representatives to the assembly independently of the national political parties. They intend to promote the concept of Brazil as a Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 15 �multiethnic federation where Indian nations can remain largely autonomous from other constituents. Poratim also reports that 14 Indian groups have occupied a site in the state of Mato Grosso to block construction of a hydroelectric dam which will destroy a sacred waterfall of the Kayabi people. Work on the project began in 1983 with the construction of a road to the remote area on the Peixe River and barracks for some 3,000 workers who will build the dam. In 1984 preparation work was halted by lack of funds, and in March, 1985, Indians occupied the site in anticipation of renewed funding. They have expelled the caretaker left by the construction company, barricaded the road to the site, and burned one of the barracks. A commission has been established by the federal government to consider the Indians' demands, which include a permanent halt to construction of the dam, repeal of the law authorizing construction, and addition of the area around the waterfall to the officially-recognized domain of the Kayabi people. The Kayabi and neighboring Apiaka people have resisted encroachment by non-Indians at least since the arrival of rubber prospectors in the early twentieth century. About half the Kayabi were relocated to the large Xingu reserve in the mid-1960s. Representatives of the relocated group joined in the occupation of the construction site and expressed their desire to return to their traditional home. The dam will generate electricity for three small non-Indian settlements. Indians have suggested that a larger waterfall downriver from the Kayabi falls on a farm belonging to the governor of Mato Grosso would be a more appropriate site for the dam. The Jornal Indigena (Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil), which is published by the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas), also reports extensively on Indian groups in Brazil. The editors are Ailton Grenak and Alvaro Tukano. DAYS TO REMEMBER May~ 1809 The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state that was headed by Francisco Solano Lopez. Lopez had declared Paraguay a country that would stand independent in the face of external powers such as England and France. The armies of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay invaded Paraguay, defeated the Paraguayan army, killed Solano Lopez, and took a large portion of Paraguayan territory. In this tragic war hundreds of Mapuche Indians who were recruits in the Argentina army and many Paraguayan, Brazilian, and Uraguayan Indians died. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 16 �.:!l.z. 1808 King Joao VI of Portugal declared a war of extermination against the Botocudo Indians of Minas Gerais and Goias which resulted in widespread massacres. Hostilities did not officially end until a century later with the establishment of the government's "Service for the Protection of Indians" in 1911. ~ ~ ~ 1781 This is the date of the execution of Tupac Amaru, who led the Quechua-speaking Indians of southern Peru in revolt against Spanish colonialists. In the main plaza in Cuzco, Tupac Amaru's tongue was cut out and his body was pulled apart by horses tied to his arms and legs. His family witnessed his execution and was then brutally murdered in the same fashion. Their heads where posted along the main roads to the city as a warning to other Indians. ~ ~ 1980 The Guatemalan army massacred more than one hundred Kekchi Indians including five children in the town of Panzos, Alta Verapaz. More than 1,000 Indians marched on Ponzos to obtain information from the Mayor on three missing Indian leaders as well as their land titles that had been promised by the government. When they arrived at the town square, they were met by 150 soldiers who local landowners had sent to Panzos from the military base at Zacapa. The troops fired on the crowd, killing more than 100, wounding 600, and sending others into the surrounding mountains. On May 22 a group of over 30 people working on indigenous concerns using film, video, and still photography met in Berkeley to discuss the prospects of sharing resources and information. Nilo Cayuqueo of SAIIC spoke, stressing the need for indigenous people and others to find means to work together on concerns that effect all humanity. Alvaro Vasquez of the Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco in Mexico described the video work he and others in his community are carrying out. He urged all those working with indigenous people to thoroughly examine their motives and methods to assure both that people with a shared vision, regardless of race, work together and that the results of this work represent a positive effort for the goals of indigenous people. If you wish to obtain more information regarding the Zapotec video work, or if you wish to lend much-needed support, Alvaro may be reached at Apdo. Postal 1137, C.P. 68 ODD, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. The next meeting of the group will be on June 19. For information about the time and place, contact Leanna Wolfe (415) 8413563. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 17 �BY ALVARO VASQUEZ The processes of communication among the Indian nations of this continent, now called "America," were broken with the European invasion that was initiated almost 500 years ago. The sacred books (codices), the knowledge of our people, accumulated for thousands of years, were destroyed by fire, and by the incredible capacity for destruction by the colonials. All of those Indians involved in communication: priests, teachers, writers, translators, ambassadors and those in the theater, all were assassinated. From this time, the destruction of our religion and our books and our writers has denied our existence; our voices have been quieted and are only heard in our communities and dressed as "myths" and "legends." During the past 500 years, from the beginning of this massive genocide of Indians for the control of the land, this process continued. Our existence continues to be denied and our lands are taken through massive assassinations. This process continues as the order of the day. Nevertheless, almost nothing is mentioned in major communication networks (radio, television, film) nationally or internationally. In the name of the plan of nation states, the aggression and the silence continue. Our Indian nations are alive, although often cut into pieces by the borders of the nations formed by the colonials. Our goal as Indian people is to break the silence of communcation within the countries that our Indian communities have existed since the beginning. SAIIC and the Comision de Relaciones de Asemblea de Autoridades Zapotecos-Chinontecas de la Sierra consider it necessary to reestablish communication among our Indian people, to know ourselves, and make ourselves known. Therefore, we propose to independent, non-government Indian organizations the following: 1) Create diverse means of communication among Indian communities; 2) Develop an interchange of information among the organizations that have initiated the process; 3) Develop the means of communication that currently exist in order to gain better diffusion among Indian people in sharing our experience; 4) Develop our traditional forms of communication and strengthen those that now exist; 5) Initiate investigation as to the most effective means of transmitting information that our people need (libraries, film and video archives); 6) Move ahead with discussion among non-Indian support organizations and stregnthen our relations on a level of mutual and profound respect. STATE~iENT Alvaro Vasquez Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 18 �AMAZONIA FILM Rosaines Aguirre from Colombia and Glenn Switkes, members of SAIIC, who produced the film "The Four Corners: A National Sacrifice Area?" have recently left the United States for Brazil on a pre-production and research trip in preparation for their film "Amazonia," which will focus on the situation in the Northwest Region Project area (Polonoroeste). Recent Congressional hearings in Washington have questioned the World Bank's commitment toward controlling environmental damage and invasions of indigenous peoples' lands in the Polonoroeste area. The United States government plays an important role in deciding World Bank lending policies by virtue of the fact that it holds 20% of the shares of the Bank. International concern centers around a new road being built into the Guapore Valley, in Rondonia where the Brazilian government has plans to settle 10,000 migrant families with an even larger wave of spontaneous migration expected to follow. This will threaten several reserve areas, including two Indian Parks, and the territories of the Uru-eu-wau-wau and Urupa-in Indians. FESTIVAL OF INDIAN FILMS IN MEXICO CITY The First Latin American Festival of Indigenous Peoples' Films is being organized in Mexico City for September 5-8 by the Interamerican Indigenist Institute (Instituto Indigenista Interamericano). Super 8, 16mm, and 35mm films are being solicited throughout Latin America for screening at the festival. For more information, contact Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, Insurgentes Sur no. 1690, Colonia Florida, C.P. 01030, Mexico-OF. ****************************** NEWSLETTER To receive the SAIIC Newsletter for one year, and to remain on our mailing list, please send a donation of $5.00. If your mailing label has an "M", this will be your last newsletter until we have your subscription renewal. WORKING COMMISSION REPORTS To order a copy of the Working Commission Reports: Second Conference of Indian Nations and Organizations of South America. Tiwanaku, Bolivia, published by SAIIC, 1984, please send a donation of $3.00. TAPES One hour tapes are now available of the SAIIC radio program, "Living on Time: The South American Indian Update." Each program includes news updates, views, traditional music, and more. $8.00 each. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Indian inter- Page 19 �TENGO CASA PROPIA To order this book by Susan Lobo, published by the Instituto de Estudios Peruanas (1984), send a check for $11.00. All proceeds from sales are for SAIIC projects. Please make out all checks, which are tax deductible, to: American Friends Service Committee/The South American Indian Information Center, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA, 94707, U.S.A. SAIIC would like to express our appreciation to Dan and Victoria Bomberry ongoing contributions to indigenous efforts, and their support of our work. Special thanks for production Friends Service Committee, The Tinker, Miguel Cavallin, Russ Anna Lugo, Maria Massolo, James for their assistance to: The Vanguard Foundation, The American Bay Area Indian Lutheran Ministry, Bobsy Draper, George Irwin and the SAIIC Committee: Pete Hammer, Peggy Lowry, Muneta, and Jo Tucker. Nilo Cayuqueo, SAIIC Coordinator Susan Lobo, Publications Editor South American Indian Information Center P.O. Box 7550 Berkeley, CA 94707 U.S.A. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 20 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Volume 1 No. 4.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Entire issue Pages 1-20 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/1e86ae63a0f96c6561383a1ed4f667b8.pdf 65deaf792fd5781b6b97383b949baa2f PDF Text Text South American Indian Information Center Intertribal House 523 E, 14th St. Oakland, CA 94606 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Back Page Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title Back Page Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (20).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 1 Pages 20 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Language English http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/04511c8d067ca5ab2518c9e71d54e936.pdf 4c48fb6265b19348e723829077ae512e PDF Text Text NEWSLETTER for one year, and to remain on our receive the SAIIC of $5.00. Use the below. send a list, WORKING COMMISSION REPORTS send a donation of $3.00. TAPES OF RADIO SHOW One hour tapes are now available of the SAIIC radio program, on Indian Time: The South American Indian Update." Each program includes news, interviews, traditional music, and more. • 00 each. Number Cost Newsletter subscription, $5.00 per year Working Commission ~orts, $3.00 each Tapes of radio program, $8.00 each Donations Total enclosed Name -------------------------------Address -------------------------------City, State, Zip-------------------------------Please make out all checks, which are tax deductible, to: American Friends Service Committee/SAIIC, and mail to: South American Indian Information Center, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707, U.S.A. Vol. 2, no. l. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Subscription Information Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title Subscription Information Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (19).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note Newsletter with options to send donations. Issue 1 Pages 19 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Language English Information Subscribers http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/baa8339e6163ff9f31f929642031ccb0.pdf 3d33f2d22476981d617922b8c3ea50aa PDF Text Text of Victor Paz Estenssoro, under pressure from the Indian law and as a result, a Indian land was returned to them. Paz Estenssoro is back in power, the Second Conference of the World in Kiruna, Sweden, Council of At the United Nations in a conference Americas. , Switzerland, the Non-Governmental discrimination (NGO' s) of the southwestern Mexico. unclear, but SAIIC expresses its support of efforts in the As we prepare communities is and assistance. BRIEFS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS Americanists professor of American Indian Studies and Anthropology at UCLA, attended the Americanists in Bogota, Colombia, July 1-7. She organized a symposium on and Its Consequences, and presented a paper on the effects of relocation for in the joint use area of Arizona. Her comments on the congress overall: "I didn't see that spirit I was looking for. Indigenous issues were sort of under the rug. Indians were only talked about as if were in the past, but the present was ignored." Why can't an international congress of Americanists do better than that? Video, and Photog£!!P.!:!Y A group of people working in film, video, and photography has meeting monthly in the San Francisco Bay Area. Indigenous concerns are a major focus of the group. If you are interested in attending, contact Leanna Wolfe, (415) 834-5740. Vol. 2, no. l, Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 17 �Delegation to Nicaragua Indian Health workers (non-medical included) are wanted for a trip to Nicaragua sponsored by Committee for Health Rights in Central America planned for the end of November. Partial scholarships are available. Contact Diane Williams at ( 415) 268-1627 for more information. 9th Inter-American Indian Congress The 9th Inter-American Indian Congress is planned for Santa Fe, New Mexico, from October 28 to November 1, 1985. The Congress is sponsored by the Inter-American Indian Institute with headquarters in Mexico City, and some 500 participants from throughout the hemisphere are expected to attend. Committees and working sessions will meet to consider a wide range of issues including Develop and Indian People, Cultural Policies and the Indian Community, Human Rights and the Indian World, and Indian Movements and Organizations in the Americas. for more information, write David Warren, United States Organizing Committee, 9th Inter-American Indian Congress, P.O. Box 519, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-0519. East ~ Green Alliance There is a working group of the East Bay Green Alliance that focuses on Native American issues. For more information, contact linda Joslin, (415) 654-6141. SAIIC welcomes the energy and ideas of volunteers. We are also in need of the following equipment: a computer, typewriter, tape recorder, and camera. Donations are tax deductible. If you can help in these ways, please call (415) 521-2779 or 527-5687. Thank you. Special thanks for production assistance to: The Vanguard Foundation, The American Friends Service Committee, Intertribal Friendship House, Bobsy Draper, Miguel Cavallin, Russ Irwin, Bill Coburn and the SAIIC Committee: Pete Hammer, Peggy lowry, Anna lugo, Maria Massolo, James Muneta, and Jo Tucker. Nilo Cayuqueo, SAIIC Coordinator Susan lobo, Publications Editor Vol. 2, no. 1. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 18 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Briefs and Announcements Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title Breifs and Announcements Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (17-18).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note A group of people working in film, video, and photography has meeting monthly in the San Francisco Bay Area. Indigenous concerns are a major focus of the group. Issue 1 Pages 17-18 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Language English Volume 2 Bogota Colombia Jennie Joe Nicaragua http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/ab3e33344b175c90112703644eb6b14a.pdf 094898a65466e3818482734b0fbe86ca PDF Text Text James Muneta, who has been a frequent contributor of articles and illustrations to the SAIIC newsletter, as in our radio program, returned home of coordinator of programs for the Dine Center at Tsaile, Navajo Nation, Arizona. His perspective on international issues has broadened the understanding of all of us. He to continue as an active member of SAIIC with a southwestern perspective. He writes, "I miss my good friends in the Bay Area, but I must help my people. My clan is the red sand people and the earth here in Tsaile is red, which makes me feel very happy and peaceful. There are many sagebrush bushes and cedar trees here which are also sacred medicine herbs to the Dine." Photo: S. Lobo DAYS TO REMEMBER July l.t_ 1492 The Italian adventurer Christopher Columbus set sail from Puerto de Palos in Spain with three ships. He reached the American continent on October 12 of the same year. This voyage was the first of many negative events that affected Indian people during the following nearly five hundred years. August ~ 1532 The Inca leader Atahualpa was executed by order of Francisco Pizarro. In addition to the desecration of sacred temple and plundering, the death of Indian leaders were among the outrages the Indian people suffered during the Spanish conquest. August 26 ~ 'lJ...L 1780 Tupac Amaru, the Quechua leader in what is now Peru, and Tupac Katar i, leader in what is now Bolivia, initiated the liberation struggle against Spaniards occupying their land. Vol. 2, no. l. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 16 �of Victor Paz Estenssoro, under pressure from the Indian law and as a result, a Indian land was returned to them. Paz Estenssoro is back in power, the Second Conference of the World in Kiruna, Sweden, Council of At the United Nations in a conference Americas. , Switzerland, the Non-Governmental discrimination (NGO' s) of the southwestern Mexico. unclear, but SAIIC expresses its support of efforts in the As we prepare communities is and assistance. BRIEFS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS Americanists professor of American Indian Studies and Anthropology at UCLA, attended the Americanists in Bogota, Colombia, July 1-7. She organized a symposium on and Its Consequences, and presented a paper on the effects of relocation for in the joint use area of Arizona. Her comments on the congress overall: "I didn't see that spirit I was looking for. Indigenous issues were sort of under the rug. Indians were only talked about as if were in the past, but the present was ignored." Why can't an international congress of Americanists do better than that? Video, and Photog£!!P.!:!Y A group of people working in film, video, and photography has meeting monthly in the San Francisco Bay Area. Indigenous concerns are a major focus of the group. If you are interested in attending, contact Leanna Wolfe, (415) 834-5740. Vol. 2, no. l, Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Days to Remember Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title Days to Remember Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (16-17).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note Days to remember in history. Events of major significance. Issue 1 Pages 16-17 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Language English Kiruna southwestern Mexico Sweden Victor Paz Estenssoro