5 12 1190 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/52a27f0cd1ce0c3a91a4414b67661c77.pdf fc81fafb32d704342c7f017279603b32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (4-7).pdf PDF Text Text @~@ 0 @ E We come to speak in the name of all In l:he last three years l:he Ecuadorian Pastaza Province, to demand that the Indian the lives ofthe jungle, especiallyfor those government has been intensifying l:he explo- voices be heard. which are disappearing. ration and exploitation ofl:he natural resources The marchers called on the government They are the water spirits: the Yacurunas. They are the jungle spirits: the Sacharunas. They are the fertility spirits. They are the sowing spirits. They are the harvesting spirits. They are the gods of abundance. Allpamanda! Causaimanda! Jatarishum! (For land! For life! We all rise up!) - from a flyer distributed by the marchers 4 in l:heAmazonregion, especially in l:he Pastaza Province, homeland of l:he Quichua, Shiwiar and Achuar Indians. As a way to defend their territory the Indian People, led by OPlP, have been trying to persuade the government and oil companies to recognize I:ndian·territories and conduct rational exploitation of the resources in these territories. After exhausting l:he possibility of a negotiated settlement, l:he Indians felt their only recourse was to march on the capitol. ThusonApril21, 199210,000marchers arrived in Quito,ledby2,000Indiansfrom the to legally recognize their territories, andreform the National Constitution to protect the different nationalities and cultures ofEcuador. The Indians are demanding control over the largest remaining Amazon rainforest lands. Under very heavy military guard, the government ofPresidentRodrigo Borja partially met their demands by officially recognizing over two and a half million of the almost five million acres of lands they occupy. The government also called for a special session of Congress to review Indigenous Peoples' demand for constitutional reform. SAIIC Newsletter �Woman with bouquet at the march The Amazon march was coordinated by the Organization of Indigenous People of Pastaza (OPIP) as a response to nearly three years of fruitless dialogue between the government and the national Indian federations, culminating in the government's refusal to legalize the Indian territories and its acquieslcence to pressure from trans-national oil, timber, mining and tourism industries to exploit the Amazon rainforest TheQuichua, Shiwiar,ZaparoandAchuar marchers were following in the footsteps of their ancestors. Ninety years ago, led by the legendary chiefPalati, leaders of these groups marched from their communities in Pastaza to the capitol of Quito to meet with the government over the rights to the territory which they have occupied for a millennium. The leaders returned to their communities with a title to all the lands of the Pastaza Province. This title to seven-million ac1-es was buried and forgotten when the chief died. On April 23, President Borja warmly greeted and thanked the Indians for their courage and agreed to negotiate the first of their demands of the legalization of their traditional territories. Despite the warm welcome and promises, the peaceful marchers were met by a massive contingent of police and military in riot gear and army tanks. TitoMerino, the communications coordinator of OPIP commented wryly that he did not realize that Ecuador was at war. Vol 6 Num 3 One hundred of the Indian leaders were allowed to pass through the military blockade to present their demands to President Borja. Indian leaders, from Luis Macas, the President of the National Indian Confederation of Ecuador (CONAIE), to a traditional midwife urging the President to legally recognize Indian rights. The negotiations with the Indian People of Pastaza reached a deadlock over the government's refusal to legally recognize Indian territory which falls within a 25 by 120 mile swath of land along the Peruvian border. The main force blocking the legalization of these lands is the Ecuadorian Institute for Agrarian Reform and Colonization (IERAC). IERAC claims that this border area is necessary for "national security" and has re- Ecuadorian March cently begun a campaign to colonize the region under a program known as "Living bor- ders." Citing the loss of nearly half its territory to Peru this century, the Ecuadorian government claims it is encouraging development along its borders to prevent further incursions. The Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza are not asking for areas already colonized, but only land which they currently use. Close to 35 percent of the Pastaza Indian communities are located within the border region slated for colonization. They are demanding that this security zone be reduced considerably. On May 13th, the Borja administration formally handed over title to over one-half of the Indian-occupied lands. The Indians claim that all of their territory must be legalized and that these lands be contiguous so as not to separate communities of the same nation. Instead, the government is recognizing 19 separate blocks of lands as the properties of individual communities. The military charges that the Indians are attempting to divide the country by claiming their "nation-hood." CONAIE disagrees. "In noway arewecallingfordissolutionoftheEcuadorianState. We only want our country to legally ll. recognize the fact that we Ecua~ dorians are made up of different o nations and cultures," stated one '5 member of CONAIE. .c ll. The Indians suspect that oil interests are at the root of the government's reluctance to formally recognize all their territory. PetroEcuador, the pow- 5 �in a town after the march erful branch of the Ecuadorian government which oversees oil concessions to trans-national oil companies, announced the day before the marchers arrived in Quito that the US based oil company, ARCO, had discovered a huge reserve of oil within the territories being claimed by the marchers. OPIP organized the march to prevent the ecological and cultural devastation which they witnessed in the Northern and Southern Ecuadorian Amazon regions. Due mostly to oil development, Ecuador has the highest deforestation rate of any South American country. The Pastaza province contains the largest remaining pristine rainforest in Ecuador. Since Ecuador's oil boom began in the early 1970s, over twelve million acres of Amazon rainforest have been turned over to trans-national oil corporations. Millions of gallons of oil and toxic waste by-products have been spilled or dumped into the rainforest, contaminating the soil, air and water. Oil development has brought deforestation, colonization, militarization, prostitution, alcoholism, violence, poverty, malnutrition and disease to the Indigenous Peoples. ''They treat it [the Amazon] like a box full of resources," says Tito Merino on the government's attitude toward the Amazon, "They tum it upside down and shake it out and leave nothing for those who live there." "We marched along with the men to Quito to demand the recognition of our ancestral territories," said Patricia Gualinga, a Quichu women from the Sarayacu commu- 6 nity. "The women in Amazonia are fighting of Pastaza is calling on the government to together to defend our people from the oil change Article I of the Constitution to read, companies' threats to our territories. The oil ''Ecuador is a pluri-national, sovereign, indecompanies come in and they bring disruptive pendent, democratic and unified state which ideas. They are trying to change the way our recognizes, protects and respects cultural dimen act One example is that they are trying to versity." prostitute our women. So, we have to be Most South American countries have strong. Some women get pregnant This is either reformed or are in the process of revery bad for the community. The women feel forming their constitutions to recognize and protect the rights of Indigenous People. Howembarrassed, and they move to the cities." Along with their demands, OPIP pre- ever, the popular concept in Ecuador is still sented a natural resource management plan in that Indians belong to the past, part of what is which they explained their traditional, non- known as "folklore," to be commercially exdestructive use of the forest, "not only for ploited. short-term benefit, but for the benefit of the In an attempt to contrive a single and children of our grandchildren." uniform cultural identity, the government has The concept of indigenous territoriality been actively promoting the "integration" and is a fairly new one for the Ecuadorians. The "civilization" of Indian people since its foronly lands currently recognized as Indian mation in 1830. This strategy has led to the territories in the country are those occupied by social, economic, and political exclusion or the Huaorani -also located inPastaza -and exploitation of Indian people who comprise the Awa on the Colombian border. These 40-45% of the total population of Ecuador. After three weeks of camping in a public territories were legalized in the 1980s due to international pressure placed on the govern- park in Quito, the Indians left with less than ment Over the last decade, environmental they came for. They gained the titles to little and human rights activists have become in- more than one-half of the lands they use and creasingly aware that territorial rights are nec- Congress called a special session in June to essary for the survival of Indigenous Peoples review the Indians' demand for constitutional reform. Another important achievement was and for the protection of rainforests. OPIP now wants to extend these territo- winning the hearts of the Ecuadorian people. ries to include the rest of the Pastaza Indian Long thought of as "invisible savages," the lands. They claim that territorial rights are Indians are now recognized as courageous necessary in order to guarantee the survival of and articulate people. The marchers met in Puyo, the capitol of their cultures and their communities. The Organization of Indigenous People Pastaza, on April lOth, many of them having IIC Newsletter �l E F After one hundred years, the first reunion of the Mapuche nation took place in Neuquen, Argentina. Over a hundred lonkos, spiritual leaders of Nagmapu, Chile, and over 200 traditional leaders of different communities in Argentina met to analyze the situation of marginalization and oppression that the national states of Chile and Argentina are imposing on the Mapuche people. They also reaffirmed their historical rights of existence as a nation, the rights to exercise their traditional law and speak their own language, and walked and canoed there from their communities 150 miles away on the Peruvian border. Men, women and children nervously set out from Puyo on the 11th mthe pouring min, holding leaves and plastic over their heads to keep dry. When they entered a community, throngs of people met them, offering donations and support. On their fourth day out, they were greeted by musicians and a fiesta mthe Indian village of Salasaca. The community had built bamboo huts m thecenteroftown forthemarchers to rest The "Salasacas" opened all public facilities to them and greeted them with speeches of solidarity. Over one-half of the marchers' enormous needs for firewood, food, drink, blankets, clothing, shelter and medicine were met by donations from communities along their route. In a press release, the Indians stated, "Our historic walk has defmitively changed the relations between Indian people and the white/mestizo society: the demonstrations of solidarity with our objectives are a clear sign that it is possible for us to live side-by-side, respectful of unity within our diversity." Many of the marchers came down with severe colds and were treated by one of the doctors and/or shamans accompanying the march. The people of the Pastaza rainforest are accustomed to a very warm climate at near sea-level. During the march, they had to climb to altitudes of up to 14,000 feet where the nights were sometimes below freezing. In reaction to the gala jubilee celebra- Vol6 3 E p E agreed on the creation of a Mapuche flag. reunion ended with a ceremony with participation of more than a thousand people. A complete report will be published in the next SAIIC newsletter. Also for more information write to: NehuenMapu Barrio Islas Maluinas Batilana 315, Neuquen, Argentina tions being planned by governments and corporate interests throughout the Americas and Europe to mark the 500years since Columbus began the process of colonization of Indian lands, leaders of the march declared, "Now is the time for de-colonization, the time to recognize our rich cultures and build a new Ecuador." 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource March on Quito: Amazon Indians Demand to be Heard (Ecuador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring and Summer 1992 Zotero Title March on Quito: Amazon Indians Demand to be Heard (Ecuador) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (4-7).pdf Language English Pages 4-7 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 Abstract Note Members of the Quichua, Shiwiar, Zaparo, and Achuar Tribes of Ecuador marched in April of 1992 to demand control of the largest remaining Amazon rainforest lands. Issue 3 1992 Achuar Amazon Rainforest Ecuador March on Quito Quichua Shiwiar Zaporo http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/484704b3a30850a5de5b02cbc56804da.pdf 056d507e88ec94524325550194542474 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource vol. 6, No. 3 (7).pdf PDF Text Text l E F After one hundred years, the first reunion of the Mapuche nation took place in Neuquen, Argentina. Over a hundred lonkos, spiritual leaders of Nagmapu, Chile, and over 200 traditional leaders of different communities in Argentina met to analyze the situation of marginalization and oppression that the national states of Chile and Argentina are imposing on the Mapuche people. They also reaffirmed their historical rights of existence as a nation, the rights to exercise their traditional law and speak their own language, and walked and canoed there from their communities 150 miles away on the Peruvian border. Men, women and children nervously set out from Puyo on the 11th mthe pouring min, holding leaves and plastic over their heads to keep dry. When they entered a community, throngs of people met them, offering donations and support. On their fourth day out, they were greeted by musicians and a fiesta mthe Indian village of Salasaca. The community had built bamboo huts m thecenteroftown forthemarchers to rest The "Salasacas" opened all public facilities to them and greeted them with speeches of solidarity. Over one-half of the marchers' enormous needs for firewood, food, drink, blankets, clothing, shelter and medicine were met by donations from communities along their route. In a press release, the Indians stated, "Our historic walk has defmitively changed the relations between Indian people and the white/mestizo society: the demonstrations of solidarity with our objectives are a clear sign that it is possible for us to live side-by-side, respectful of unity within our diversity." Many of the marchers came down with severe colds and were treated by one of the doctors and/or shamans accompanying the march. The people of the Pastaza rainforest are accustomed to a very warm climate at near sea-level. During the march, they had to climb to altitudes of up to 14,000 feet where the nights were sometimes below freezing. In reaction to the gala jubilee celebra- Vol6 3 E p E agreed on the creation of a Mapuche flag. reunion ended with a ceremony with participation of more than a thousand people. A complete report will be published in the next SAIIC newsletter. Also for more information write to: NehuenMapu Barrio Islas Maluinas Batilana 315, Neuquen, Argentina tions being planned by governments and corporate interests throughout the Americas and Europe to mark the 500years since Columbus began the process of colonization of Indian lands, leaders of the march declared, "Now is the time for de-colonization, the time to recognize our rich cultures and build a new Ecuador." 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historical Reunion of the Mapuche Nation (Argentina) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring and Summer 1992 Zotero Title Historical Reunion of the Mapuche Nation (Argentina) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title vol. 6, No. 3 (7).pdf Abstract Note The text box featured at the top of page seven provides a brief synopsis of the reunion of the Mapuche Nation in Argentina. Issue 3 Language English Pages 7 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 Argentina Mapuche Mapuche Reunion http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/3b1320de45027685bde0de754a6cadd7.pdf 08c101f855d73f2f15f5c93ee656b742 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource vol. 6, No. 3 (8).pdf PDF Text Text The Sacha Yachana Research Center (CISAY) was created in February 1992 as the scientific arm of the Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza (OPIP). It was established to advise OPIP and its member communities and associations on issues related to the management and conservation ofecosystems in the indigenous peoples' territories ofPastaza. The goals of CISAY are: 0 To conduct studies of indigenous peoples' territories and their natural and managed ecosystems 0 To research cultural and ecologically sound socio-economic development plans for Indigenous communities 0 To evaluate governmental and nongovernmental organizations' economic development projects for Pastaza that affect indigenous peoples' territories. 0 To evaluate governmental and NGO scientific projects within Pastaza's indigenous peoples' territories. o To develop guidelines for scientific research, socio-economic development, resource extraction, and conservation within indigenous peoples' territories in Pastaza. CISAY' s finances and management are independent from OPIP. However, CISAY is accountable to the policies emanating from OPIP's congresses and assemblies. A diagram of QSAY's internal organization rollows. CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF CANDIDATES FOR CISAY'S SCIENTIFIC TEAM 1. A workshop for team pre-candidates will take place in Puyo in May 1992. The theme of the workshop will be: natural resources and environment, traditional Quichua knowledge, environmental policy. 2. Candidates will be chosen because they are: bilingual (Quichua/Spanish); at least high school graduates; inclined to work 8 on environmental issues; and, experienced in community activities and organizations. 3. Team members will be chosen among those who have: good training, a commitment and understanding of indigenous and environmental issues, understanding of the national mestizo/creole society and the other ethnic groups of Ecuador, and also on the basis that they exercise their traditional and cultural practices. Currently, CISAY is formed by Leonardo Viteri, Director; Alfredo Vargas, Hydraulic Engineer; Wilfrido Aragon, Zootechnist; Olga Pineda, Research Assistant; Maritza Toala, Secretary; and Ricardo Grefa, Cartographer. THE ORGANIZATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF PASTAZA (OPIP) OPIP was established in 1978 by the Quichua, Achuar, Shiwiar, and Zaparo peoples of Pastaza. It is formed by 148 communities with a population of nearly 20,000 people. The grass-roots members of OPIP are organized in centers (settlements); and associations (groups of centers). The frrst authority of OPIP is the Congress which meets every three years with delegations from each community. Additionally, there are annual assemblies and ordinary bi-annual assemblies. OPIP also has a board ofdirectors elected by the Congress which are: President, Vice President; Director of Promotion and Organization; Director of Territories and Natural Resources; Director of Education, Science and Technology; Director of Community Health; Director of Community Development; and Director of Women in Development. The goals of OPIP are: 1. To promote the unity and develop the organization of the peoples of Pastaza. 2. To obtain land rights to our ancestral territories from the government of Ecuador. 3. To develop policies for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources on our territories, for the benefit of indigenous people and for the rest of humankind. SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sacha Yachana Research Center (Ecuador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring and Summer 1992 Zotero Title Sacha Yachana Research Center (Ecuador) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title vol. 6, No. 3 (8).pdf Abstract Note This article explains what the Sacha Yachana Research Center (CISAY) is, along with their goals, an explanation of their criteria for selecting candidates for their scientific team, and some information regarding the Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza (OPIP). Issue 3 Language English Pages 8 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 CISAY Ecuador OPIP Sacha Yachana Sacha Yachana Research Center http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/e837f2e5fdd17029bf7d15bbf48d7082.pdf 5fb918a5cb99dafb7e0d79edd02cafb0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource vol. 6, No. 3 (9).pdf PDF Text Text Brasil IL The Brazilian military controls 25 million acres of land in the Amazon. Presidential decress have alloted and reserved 36 areas for the armed forces. According to Angelo Pansa, · an Italian priest who is a member of the International Tribunal for the Rights of the People and who is also active in CIMI (Indigenous Council of Missionaries) there are 6 areas that trancede Indigenous lands, totally or partially. In the southern part of the state of Para, where 2,600 Indians live, the military holds 16 million acres, an area twice the size of the Kayap6 Indian reserve. The majority of the land reserved for the military is devoted to the establishment of living quarters, the stationing ofbatuilions and border platoons as well as for military training in areas that are remote and sparsely populated. Source: Jornal do Comercio, 2111192 (via alternex) OLD-MI SPRE Dl TO I Indigenous women and young girls in the Amazon have been contracting venereal diseases from gold miners and soldiers. According to CIMI (Indigenous Missionary Council) and Indigenous leaders from Para,Amazonas and Acre, many of them, lured to the cities, end up in brothels and in the trafficking of babies throughout the Amazon. "Prostitution among indigenous girls is alarming. Indigenous women come to the city and don't have job qualifications, so selling their bodies becomes the only alternative", said Antonio Apurina, Coordinator of UNI-Acre (The Union of Indigenous People in Acre). Anthropologist Antonio Maria de Souza confrrms that soldiers have been known to gang rape Indian women in the city of Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, on the border of Brazil and Colombia, in the state of Amazonas. Source: Folha de Siio Paulo, 2110192 (via alternex) 6 Num 3 9 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Military Reserves on Indian Lands in the Amazon (Brasil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Magazine Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring and Summer 1992 Zotero Title Military Reserves on Indian Lands in the Amazon (Brasil) Item Type Magazine Article Attachment Title vol. 6, No. 3 (9).pdf Abstract Note The first paragraph on page nine discusses the presence of military reserves on Indian lands in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil. Issue 3 Language English Pages 9 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 Amazon Rainforest Brazil CIMI Indigenous Council of Missionaries Military Reserves http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/f3275ce2cca8283dac7f929b14e08f4c.pdf 5fb918a5cb99dafb7e0d79edd02cafb0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource vol. 6, No. 3 (9).pdf PDF Text Text Brasil IL The Brazilian military controls 25 million acres of land in the Amazon. Presidential decress have alloted and reserved 36 areas for the armed forces. According to Angelo Pansa, · an Italian priest who is a member of the International Tribunal for the Rights of the People and who is also active in CIMI (Indigenous Council of Missionaries) there are 6 areas that trancede Indigenous lands, totally or partially. In the southern part of the state of Para, where 2,600 Indians live, the military holds 16 million acres, an area twice the size of the Kayap6 Indian reserve. The majority of the land reserved for the military is devoted to the establishment of living quarters, the stationing ofbatuilions and border platoons as well as for military training in areas that are remote and sparsely populated. Source: Jornal do Comercio, 2111192 (via alternex) OLD-MI SPRE Dl TO I Indigenous women and young girls in the Amazon have been contracting venereal diseases from gold miners and soldiers. According to CIMI (Indigenous Missionary Council) and Indigenous leaders from Para,Amazonas and Acre, many of them, lured to the cities, end up in brothels and in the trafficking of babies throughout the Amazon. "Prostitution among indigenous girls is alarming. Indigenous women come to the city and don't have job qualifications, so selling their bodies becomes the only alternative", said Antonio Apurina, Coordinator of UNI-Acre (The Union of Indigenous People in Acre). Anthropologist Antonio Maria de Souza confrrms that soldiers have been known to gang rape Indian women in the city of Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, on the border of Brazil and Colombia, in the state of Amazonas. Source: Folha de Siio Paulo, 2110192 (via alternex) 6 Num 3 9 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gold-Miners and Soldiers Spreading Veneeral Diseases to Indigenous Women (Brasil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Magazine Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring and Summer 1992 Zotero Title Gold-Miners and Soldiers Spreading Veneeral Diseases to Indigenous Women (Brasil) Item Type Magazine Article Attachment Title vol. 6, No. 3 (9).pdf Abstract Note The second paragraph featured on page nine discusses the problems faced by indigenous women in Brazil regarding their sexual health. There is an alarming rate of prostitution and venereal diseases contracted from miners and soldiers. Issue 3 Language English Pages 9 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 CIMI Indigenous Health Indigenous women prostitution Venereal disease http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/70b7ab721f5dd561a9e499d7a309e3f5.pdf 3f671a804f2fe167397ee1de6f3069f4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (10-13).pdf PDF Text Text I SAllC: What region do you come from and who do you represent? AP: My name is Alfonso Palmas, I come from the department of Tolima from the interior of the country, and represent ONIC (Organization of Indigenous Nationalities of Colombian), of which I have been the president since June, 1990. SAllC: What is the role of ONIC? AP: Our role is to train, orient and promote organization in the indigenous communities, because we believe that it is the indigenous peoples who must look for solutions to our own problems. ONIC promotes programs, we like to promote inter-ethnic relations among the different ethnic groups in the country and with those in other countries. SAllC: What is the indigenous population of Colombia, and how many groups are there? AP: There are about 100 indigenous groups, and we speak more than 80 languages and are located all over the country. SAHC: How would you describe the situation of the indigenous communities in Colombia? AP: Up to this moment the wave of violence against indigenous peoples continues in Colombia: very often the leaders are persecuted and even assassinated. We continue to face colonization of traditional lands- that is indigenous lands are still being taken - 10 Alfonso Palma, center, describing the situation in Colombia at the SAIIC office with representatives of the Tommtzin land Institute and Bay Area Indian Alliance the drug problem, guerrilla organizations ... all these groups have lack of respect for the indigenous communities. In addition, a major problem is that of communication, there is no permanent communication. We have no means to communicate among ourselves, much less with indigenous communities of other countries. The state does not provide us with anything, in fact the government has sponsored division among us by creating organizations similar to, but self-sufficient from those of the indigenous peoples. Therefore we cannot analyze or understand other communities problems, nor can we be updated on issues which involve us, or evaluate the actual national situation. Another problem is the exploitation of natural resources by foreign and even national companies. They never consult with the in- digenous communities and their acts only bring more problems for us. First of all, the cultural clash. Then, contamination of all living creatures and plants, and death of our people. Also, we have land but no means to produce, and if we do produce then the production goes through an intermediary and this person retains all the profit, leaving the indigenous with little or almost nothing. SAllC: Can you tell us about the massacre of Dec. 16 and what ONIC does in such cases? AP: In Colombia there are, legally speaking, "indigenous reservations", these cannot be sold nor rented (leased), and they are imprescriptible; that is the indigenous communities can claim them whenever they want. In this case there are many territories SAUC Newsletter �with colonial titles that belong to the indigenous communities, but the fanners, ranchers, and landowners, and production companies have kicked out indigenous communities by violent means, and this is what has happened in Colombia. In the case of the massacre, the killing took place in the department of Cauca in the PAES territory, where they had been reclaiming their land from the government for four years. However, this land has been invaded by big landowners who form large groups and send them to kill the indigenous. In this case, the indigenous had communicated to the government about their claims, however, the State did not answer, therefore the massacre took place. In these cases, ONIC, f:rrst of all issues denunciations at the national and international levels. We've denounced this and many otherproblems which are unknown totheinternationalcommunity.Forexample, the massacre of December last year, where five compafieros were burned alive by narcotraffickers. We denounce all of this violence against indigenous peoples. Last year ONIC met with the Government Ministry, and the senators and we demanded that the state respond to all of these acts of terror and what the State was doing to investigate. Until now, all we know is that there is an investigative commission and that there is a negotiation being carried with the institute oflandreform. However, we are pessimistic about these type of investigations because our experience is that such investigations do not bring any results, as occurred with the indigenous peoples of the Aruaco community, where the armed forces and even government people were involved, and nothing was ever done. In that case, more than 20 compafieros were assassinated. SAllC: What are the activities of ONIC planned for 1992? AP: At the local level, we are working with the organizations in the interior of the indigenous communities. Weare working with students, professors, the popular sectors, blacks, environmentalists and other people who see in the campaign a positive aspect, that it is important toreflectandcultivate our magnificent and rich culture, also that we evaluate and reflect what these 500 years have meant for our culture. Also in the Vol 6 Num 3 proposals for the Constitution we have to make clear that Colombia is a multi-ethnic pluricultural country, and we have to work closely with other indigenous peoples who are working on the campaign, who have similar and different problems, so that we can create bonds of fraternity and unity among indigenous and non-indigenous peoples. SAllC: There were 3 indigenous representativeselectedtothecongressofthecountry. Who are they? What are their proposals to the national Constitution? AP: Compafiero Gabriel Muyuy, representing ONIC, and Anatolio Quira of the Social Indigenous Alliance and Floro Alberto of the Autoridades Indigenas de Colombia. They represent different indigenous sectors, however we are trying to work in unity and present our proposals together. In addition, we believe that by having our own representatives we can have a voice; we are open to work with other people and like that other sectors of the society of Colombia work with us in problems which affect not only the indigenous peoples but all Colombians. Concerning the issues of the national Assembly, we have obtained that in the constitution it be stated that Colombia is a pluricultural state; the harmony of many cultures is declared; the issue that the state must protect our nationalidentity, that is our customs, traditions, language, all that makes us different. We have now achieved the recognition of our languages in our territories, that education be bilingual. We have about 40 groups who live near the border with other countries and the governments do not understand that for indigenous peoples there are no borders. So now they have double nationality. Another achievement is the recognition of ownership of our territories. Right now there is a discussion with the government because the government does not want to recognize territories traditionally occupied, which are large extensions. They want to recognize only the reservations; now we will struggle for the recognition of traditionallands, reservations. For this we are proposing a plan to the government so that we do not have foreigners coming to our communities and plan our development, but instead that this planning be left to us, once 11 �we're trained. Another important aspect is that of juri~diction; that is each community has its own form of sanction and imposition of penalties. We will try to fix this according to the national system. Now this is considered. Another issue is that in relation to the natural resources, its exploitation must be consulted with the indigenous peoples. For this we are hoping to write a guide, rules from all indigenous Peoples communities, that will be followed, because even if there are already laws they do not represent our view, nor are they followed. However we must organize within the communities, so that we can face the problems and present plans. For this we are planning a meeting for December 1992 to discuss the problems we have, how will we participate politically speaking. INCORA is the institute in charge of handling land issues, conflicts; there are large extensions which have been traditionally occupied by the indigenous peoples who have always lived there and have no titles for it They are called "traditionally occupied". The reservations are where INCORA has handled titles, but this sort of land is not defined yet. SAllC: If you could realize anything in the world, this year of 1992, what is the outcome you would hope for? AP: At our level it will be that the Constitution serve our interests and not those of a few people, as has happened historically. We want to retain our cultures. We hope to unify at the continental level. We want to avoid past mistakes and work towards understanding among different communities; we are not going to celebrate the genocide, we want to analyze the past so that we can work for the future. We want to make demands on the UN since 1993 has been declared the year of indigenous peoples. We want a strong United Nations (UN) presence so that human rights violations be watched carefully and that something more than just condemnations be made. We want protection. SAllC: What role do you see the government playing in this multi-ethnic and pluricultural state? 12 AP: I believe that the government should facilitate changes. They are not only indigenous peoples but blacks and other groups; the government should protect the culture and promote overall cultural development. SAllC: What do you say to the Crioles, Campesino people who are afraid of losing land while indigenous peoples recuperate their lands? AP: First of all, we are not claiming land which is not ours. Our claims are over lands which we have been on for hundreds of years; therefore we believe that if there are cases where there are Campesinos who have come to our land due to many problems, we demand the government carry out an integral agrarian reform, that they be relocated to lands where there are no indigenous communities, and to lands where they can survive and develop economically. SAllC: What ONIC is doing about education? AP: We are talking to the government We are participating in certain areas of education, such as health and agriculture. We believe that the state should provide access to education for indigenous peoples because it is only in this form that we can become independent and govern ourselves. SAllC: Can you comment on the continental struggle against 500 years ofcolonization? AP: By being here and after exchanging views and talks with other people, I acknowledged the we the indigenous peoples all through the continent face the same problems such as land recognition, development, etc .. We must acknowledge how can we unify and defend ourselves as communities. First of all, indigenous peoples' lands must be recognized. Secondly, thestatemustrespect cultures, different cultures from those which were brought to Latin America by the Europeans. Therefore we must communicate and join together in order to demand this from states and from the UN. We need to develop a means of communication. We need to know the problems of our brothers and sisters in other countries. In reference to SAIIC Newsletter �the campaign, we must develop the campaign in an autonomous form that is because the situation, even if it similar, is also unique in each country. We do have commonalities. We have' to negate these state celebrations and come up with specific proposals, because for us the campaign does not end this October. In fact, this is only the beginning; the plans of the Indigenous Continental Alliance is to continue working for the rights of indigenous peoples and others with similar problems to those we have. Therefore the campaign for us goes beyond this year. SAllC: What does development means for Indigenous Peoples in Colombia? At the community level, we can talk about how to develop solutions, alternatives on development In Colombia we are trying to fmd solutions for our communities. AP: In Colombia, with the so-called economic internationalization, or the economic aperture, the indigenous communities will suffer problems because most of these projects carried out in the name of development will exploit and explore the wealth, the natural resources, diversity, wild life. In the area of the Choco (Pacific coast) and the Amazon, the resources are being negotiated behind our backs. These negotiations are going to be carried out among the government and the large foreign companies. They do not consider the people living there. We are never consulted. We need to put international pressure on the government. SAllC: What do these Continental Conferences mean for the communities? SAllC: What is economic development for indigenous peoples in your opinion? AP: First of all, we discuss and share to analyze the situation of the indigenous people of the continent. We want to know what the specific problems of indigenous peoples are. Once we acknowledge this, we can start to think about solutions, alternatives which we ourselves formulate. Those encounters try to fmd this diagnosis of the problems, but also through them we solidify our links at the continental level. AP: First of all, let's look at the word development, for us development is not just economics, it is integral; that is to have autonomy, to have organizational and administrative capacity. In these terms, when promoted like this, we can realize development for the community as a whole. Most of the time when talking about economic development, it means to have economic possibilities for the betterment of our compafieros. For us, however, it would not just mean individually, but at the collective level; it means to propose solutions for the community. We have to generate many alternatives such as appropriation of technology, credit possibilities, adaptation of an economy proper to us, an economy that allows us to control our means, that allows the communities to develop their autonomy. In Colombia, since we have such a variety of indigenous peoples, we say that our country can achieve development once the communities and their cultures have developed to the upmost. This identity of the country is important to look at from different points of view, in the mutual harmony of different communities, so that we learn to live and recognize cultural and historical differences, which have been denied for 500 years. We consider that this identity of Colombia must be looked at from its territorially, regions, religions, anthologies, different cultures, rites, practices. We have to analyze what is Colombia, because throughout all of the years in Colombia others have been wanting to impose one culture, different to ours, and this is not possible. We are a country rich on cultural traits, therefore we must try to live in harmony among all of these cultures. Vol 6 Num 3 SAllC: Can you talk to us about environmental organizations in Colombia? AP: I believe that the environmental organizations and indigenous peoples have one thing in common, that is the defense of nature, of the environment. However, we indigenous peoples go beyond that, we defend human life too. We have to initiate a dialogue so that we can work for nature but also for human life. Environmental organizations can coordinate international actions so that projects are carried out only if indig- enous peoples have been consulted. Wereally need to work on a dialogue in order to see how indigenous peoples can work together with environmental organizations. SAll C: Could you please talk about culture in Colombia? AP: One of the main purposes of ONIC is to protect and promote indigenous peoples' cultures. We consider that culture is an authentic expression of peoples or a specific group; that is, their very own traditions, practices, form of government, values, organization, adaptation to changes maintaining their values. One of our achievements has been the recognition of a multi-ethnic society, country. For us, education is important because through it we learn to value our culture, because right now we have problems mainly with religious organizations which want to wipe out our cultures and create foreign one. Through education we value our cultures and learn the differences SAllC: What about oil companies in Colombia? AP: There are now oil companies going to Colombia wanting to explore and exploit our lands in search of oil and other precious minerals. In our proposals to the constitutional reforms we proposed recognition of our right to the land; that is, the soil and subsoil, because for us land is property which belongs to the community and soil and subsoil are not separate, they are an integral part. However the state did not want to recognize this right, because they know there is enormous wealth, so there is an article which states that where there are minerals, oil, or other exploitable resources there will be consultations with the indigenous peoples. At this point the foreign companies are experimenting in many places in order to find oil and other resources. Where there is oil the govemment takes the land even if it belongs to the indigenous peoples. It is for this reason that we believe it is crucial that we organize so that we can defend ourselves, that we learn Spanish so that we can talk their language and conduct a dialogue. March 1992 13 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Facing Colonization: Interview with Alfonso Palma, President of ONIC (Colombia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring and Summer 1992 Zotero Title Facing Colonization: Interview with Alfonso Palma, President of ONIC (Colombia) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (10-13).pdf Abstract Note SAIIC interviews Alfonso Palmas, the president of ONIC (the Organization of Indigenous Nationalities of Colombia) about his role in the organization, the goals of the organization, and more. Issue 3 Language English Pages 10-13 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 Alfonso Palmas Colombia ONIC Spring 1992 Spring/Summer 1992 Summer 1992 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/4743e24d41930d2a685952a11cf5114f.pdf 33282ef0ef6147e770ba795242bb6b5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource vol. 6, No. 3 (14).pdf PDF Text Text Tartagal. Gerardo Tortelli, a medical doctor who lives in Salta, arrived in Mision La Paz and said that, "drinking water in this area is contaminated with cholera, but we cannot do much about it, except to tell people to add the chlorine we are distributing to the water, and to boil it before drinking." Landowners in Salta, Argentina, have used the cholera epidemic to accuse Indian communities of hosting such diseases. Journalists asked Health Minister Julio Cesar Araoz, if it was true that local landowners had said that "due to a bunch of shitty Indians our Province willlosealotofmoney ."The Minister answered, "Whoever is thinking ihat way is stupid and inhuman... What lam interested in is not the Salta landowners, but people infected with cholera, and not trying to confine it to this sector [the Indians']. Afterwards we will talk to the landlords." Local landowners, exporters offruits and produce, have pressured Health Minister, Julio Cesar Araoz into not reporting the presence of cholera in Salta, "because the cholera presence would affect the export and sales of our produce on the market." Health Secretary Alberto Mazza reported to President Menem, the press corps and administrators in Tartagal, that the total number of people with cholera has risen to 154 cases. Mazza also noted that the cholera type is different from that in Bolivia and Peru, and that most of the affected people are children. Source: El Tribuno (Jujuy) and written by journalists Diana Alvarez and Walter Echazu following is excerpted from a letter to the newsletter in las ComunidadesAbori~ December, 1991 More than one hundred Mataco and Toba people who have lived for centuries in the Gran Chaco, a territory that comprises the colonial boundaries between Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay, are facing incredible hardships due to an outbreak of cholera on the Pilcomayu River where they traditionally fish. Local authorities have been accusing the Mataco ofbeing responsible for the cholera outbreak, and have closed off the Mataco' s territory, not allowing them to leave, nor allowing people to enter their territory. This forced isolation by the Argentinian authorities has led the Mataco to denounce their discriminatory treatment. "Our source of life is the Pilcomayu river. If we are not allowed to fish there, we will die not of cholera, but of hunger," said NoeandMartin Bravo. TheMataco harvest squash and watermelon on their tiny plots of land, but they have been forbidden to sell, buy, or exchange with local merchants. Mataco Indians also live from selling folk art, and their small surplus of produce and fruits. "Authorities do not allow us to leave or travel," a Mataco Indian recently reported in 14 I am writing to inform you that our work continues at our own pace: we are preserving the production of quinoa and kiwicha seeds, and it looks like some small farmers in the south of Mendoza are seriously considering cultivating them commercially. We are in touch with a similar group in Bolivia with whom we are attempting to resolve some of the problems we are having. We recently completed 54 houses in rural areas utilizing our traditional technology and we colored them with paints which were used by our ancestors thousands of years ago. We even extracted them from the same sources our ancestors used! We continue to videotape life in the Andean world. We have taped more than 100 hours which will be edited as soon as we have the opportunity. We have finished installing the offices for Radio FM Pirca in Tilcara. Occasionally, we have been able to air our programs thanks to borrowed equipment. Well, the struggle continues, with all the usual problems. Nevertheless, we are progressing. Please receive from all of us a fraternal hug. Armando Alvarez Proyecto de Rescate de la Cultura Andina (PIRCA) CC 6 (4624) Tilcara, Jujuy, Argentina. Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mataco of the Gran Chaco: Harassed as They Face Cholera Outbreak (Argentina) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title The Mataco of the Gran Chaco: Harassed as They Face Cholera Outbreak (Argentina) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title vol. 6, No. 3 (14).pdf http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/ac3eeb65de4cdd23b1affdeed9499c6b.pdf eefeb6b9eb1f60aec8ddb0c62fdc738d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (15).pdf PDF Text Text STI IDEMICS BRO G lll G THE I D "C N" ARE PEOP The Indian people of Argentina in general, and particularly those living in this territory, have been displaced by the national society to marginal areas; they constitute a cheap labor force, and do not have access to adequate health care and education. They become the center of attention of government officials only when they are victims of infectious diseases which can be transmitted to the rest of the society. However, historically they have been silent victims of malnutrition, dysentery, Chagas disease, tuberculosis, infant mortality and many other illnesses which do not represent a threat for the rest of the population. It is not by chance; that Indian people have been the first victims of cholera, "the disease of poverty". Attitude toward the Indian People On Jan. 1, 1992, during a long and warm summer, Argentina was hit by the cholera epidemic. The first person to acquire the disease, and the first fatal victim, was a Mataco Indian who lived in Santa Victoria Este, a province of Salta. Soon five more cases were diagnosed, all of them Indians of the same village. The focal point of the epidemic was the area where theMatacoand Chorote people live. The area is known as "The Great Chaco" (El Gran Chaco) and it includes the provinces of Salta, Formosa, and Chaco; this area has been devastated by indiscriminate deforestation. The Indian poopleliveincommunitiesvvhichladcsanitlrysavicesandmeansofcxmmmicatln The provincial government in Salta, implemented tight military control, with the participation of the military Border Patrol. Physicians were allowed into the area only when accomparned by military personnel. The Indian people were intimidated and forced to attend the sanitary establishments. A military blockade was set up to isolate the area. The Mataco people still remember that during the smallpox epidemic of 1930, military personnel burnt their houses often with the sick people inside, in an effort to prevent the spread of the disease to the rest of the population. As a consequence of this treatment, many Matacos fled to the forest, allowing for further spread of the disease. 6 3 The statements of the mass media regarding the cholera epidemic showed that in Argentina Indian people are seriously discriminated against The discourse of the press blamed the Indians' way of life for the acquisition and transmission of the disease, ignoring their historical experience of exploitation and discrimination. We can provide many examples of the disdain and ignorance of the press in their coverage of the "news about the cholera epidemic": A woman legislator said: "these groups do not have culture or education, what can we expect of the Indians?" The latifundists of the province of Salta, who export vegetable crops, declared to the local press: "Because of a few shitty Indians we are going to lose a lot of money." Arguments of the press and health officials for explaining the epidemic: 'The Indians eat raw fish, they use the river to defecate." None of these statements are true. The Mataco people do not eat raw fish, and they are very careful to avoid contamination of their rivers. Headlines of a newspaper of nationwide distribution stated: "The f:rrst case of cholera in a white person has been diagnosed." Racial conflicts in Argentina are usually covered by a discourse which presents the Argentine society as a homogenous population of European descent. It conceals and ignores the fact that Argentina is a multiethnic country, like any country in the American Continent, and most of all, it conceals the discrimination against Indian people. Five hundred years after the arrival of the colonizers, the epidemics continue to be a weapon for the extermination of the f:rrst nations of this continent. To protest the discrimination, and most of all the fact that the Argentine society consistently ignores the existence of Indian people, please ~te to President Carlos Menem, Casa de Gobiemo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Source: The Oyemboati Foundation for the Promotion of Indian People 15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Victims of Cholera (Argentina) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Victims of Cholera (Argentina) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (15).pdf http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/de93e854ea7590a407b74a10f04c3805.pdf 8661c4c4ba5fc80f75b798d3d145224f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (16).pdf PDF Text Text Ten members of the Mapuche Indian Nation were arrested in front of the government palace Thursday, Feb. 7, during an antigovernment protest against their anticipated expulsion from land they have lived on for years. The protest was organized by the National Council ofindigenous Peoples (CNPI) insupportofthe22Pehuenche(abranchofthe Mapuche)Indianfamilieswhofacetheexpulsionorder. A recent judgement determined that the territory, an agricultural zone south of the Chilean capital, belongs to a group of families called the 'the Gallatue Society.' CNPI protested the police "repressive measures," and demanded that the governmentgivea "justifiable explanation for this shameful action." While the police dispersed the crowd, several ministers and members of the Gallatue Society were negotiating a possible expropriation of the lands where the Pehuenche Indians live and work. "We view with profound disdain the fact that 500 years after Europe invaded our continent, we are still being robbed of our ancestral lands," said a statement read in front the National Palace. Representatives from Mapuche and Aymara oganizations, as well as other Indian groups, took part in the demonstration. They blame the slow resolution of the problem on the "inefficiency and lack of political willingnesson the part of the the negotiating commission" which is addressing the issue. A committee for the defense and solidarity oflndian tribes is proposing that Mapuche representatives negotiate alongside those who claim to be the rightful owners of the territory. Edgardo Boeninger, General Secretary to the President, has announced the government's offer to purchase the territory from the Gallatue Society for five million dollars. Although the territory is not "economically exploitable" explained Boeninger, "the offer is based on our desire to resolve this conflict to the satisfaction of the Indigenous community." 16 Faced with an eviction order from the Chilean Supreme Court, the 22 Pehuenche Indian families living in the Quinquen Valley are hoping for an agreement between the government and the landowners which will allow them to stay on their ancestral lands. Officials are trying to beat the March 2 deadline set by the Supreme Court for the eviction of the Pehuenche from the 333,450 acres of the Cordillera Valley located some 385 miles south of Santiago. The Pehuenche Indians say they have occupied the lands, rich with forests of araucaria pine trees called "pehuen" in their language, since time immemorial. The Pehuenche got their name from thetreeswhicharealsotheirsourceofincome. The Galletue firm, which got its name from a river that flows in the area, claims it owns the valley and brags of land titles to prove it. Galletue, which obtained the eviction order from the Supreme Court, has refused the government's offer to buy the lands for five million dollars. The bi-monthly magazine PaginaAbierta has accused Galletue owners, Gonzalo Lledo, Miguel Lamoliatte and Mauricio Mettas of trying to profit from the negotiations. The government of President Patricio Aylwin wants to tum the Quinquen Valley, whose name means 'place of refuge' in the Pehuenche language, into a national park and reserve. In the early 1970s, the socialist government of Salvador Allende set up an agrarian reform program which expropriated the Quinquen lands from Galletue and recognized the Pehuenches' right to the land. But the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship gave back the lands to the firm in 1974, and later authorized it to exploit the araucaria forests. Last year, the Aylwin government declared the araucaria tree a national monument and once more prohibited its exploitation all over Chile. As a result of this decision, the state gave Galluete six-million dollars in compensation and paid the firm another fivemillion to conserve the forests as a national patrimony. But Galletue is asking tenmillion dollars for the lands, a sum considered "excessive" by the government and "immoral" by the Pehuenche, politicians and ecologists. Government experts say a police eviction of the Pehuenche would elicit criticisms locally and abroad, particularly in consideration of the upcoming quincentennial. Local Indigenous groups waiting for the government's decision describe the case as the "robbing of their ancestral lands which began five hundred years ago." Should Galletue and the government fail to reach an agreement, Aylwin, backed by the ten parties of the ruling democratic coalition, will have to urge congress to pass the bill expropriating Quinquen. Jorge Arrate, acting president for the Chilean Socialist Party which is the second strongest group in the coalition, has accused the government of acting with timidity on the case. Fernando Quilaleo, President of Ad-Mapu (the national Mapuche organization) has called on the government to solve the case this year. "But Quinquen is only one of Chile's problems. Between the Chilean state and the Pehuenche Indians, there are a thousand more Quinquens," Quilaleo said. SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pehuenche Lands Still Not Secured: Chilean Government Faces "1000 More Quinquens" (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Pehuenche Lands Still Not Secured: Chilean Government Faces "1000 More Quinquens" (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (16).pdf http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/73f1365cb9ef2a16f3347267e13122ee.pdf 7528ba0853b354de5fb530db93cb8056 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf PDF Text Text Chile I The Mapuche Nation of Chile has launched a campaign to draw international attention to the plight of over one million Indians threatened with forced eviction from their ancestrnlland. "What we are asking is that the Chilean authorities leave our people alone," Reynaldo Mariqueo of the Mapuche Committee in Europe said. This message was also communicated to Chilean AmbassadorGermanRiesco Zafiartu in a letter addressed to Chilean President Patricio Aylwin. The Committee, representing the Mapuche-Pehuenche, said they launched the campaign to confront the "unofficial state of siege" declared recently in Indian territory in Chile. Mariqueo said: ''The government has sent in a police contingent of approximately 400 men, military vehicles, police vans, mounted police and helicopters, and (taken) other measures to prevent a possible uprising in the Andes mountains and take the land." Thecommunity,situatedin theQuinquen district of Cautfn province, survived mainly on the pehuen tree, harvesting the pine nuts for food and selling or exchanging the surplus for other essential goods. But the Indians were unaware that as far back as 1918 their land had been sold by the Chilean state to privateOWI!ElS (rm-~)who then resold it for a profit In 1987, Pinochet's government issued a decree that allowed timber industries to override an earlierforestprotectionlaw. When thepresentgovernmentcametopower,another law was passed to protect the forests, which meant the owners now wished to sell the land that they could no longer exploit But in June 1990, the land owners filed a case at the supreme court asking the Indians to leave to facilitate the selling of the land. "The present situation is desperate. Until now the strength of opposition from Mapuche organisations has delayed the eviction proVol 6 Num 3 press for autonomy and self-determination for cess," Mariqueo said: our people." Orders to proceed with the operation, he Source: International Press Service said, have now been given and will be carried out by Gen. Osvaldo Munoz Sanhueza, who was active in the Pinochet dictatorship. The objective, Mariqueo said, is to transfer the people together with their personal belongThe people living in the tip of ings and animals to a designated area away from the community, while their homes will be destroyed. Mariqueo quoted Sanhueza as saying that military units from three provinces had been mobilized, and a base camp had been set up to supervise the takeover and provide logistic support The Mapuches, living in the Andes mountains,are the original inhabitants of what is now Argentina and Chile. During the Spanish conquest, the Mapuches signed a treaty to defme the borders of their territory, which was honored by Spain. The treaty was also acknowledged by Argentina and Chile when they gained independence. They signed several more agreements with theMapuches but which they later broke. "Our major objective is to continue with the campaign until justice is served toourpeople,'' Mariqueo said. "if we don't campaign, the atrocities will continue. Our ultimate aim is to Tierra del Fuego are living under the ozone hole, which scientists have recenrly found to be growing much faster than anticipated. It is now four times larger than the United States and from late August until early December is direcrly over the high mountain homeland of the Mapuche. Walter Ulloo, a 28-year-old farmhand found that his arms burned "like boiling water" and his eyes became swollen, irritated and clouded over after working high mountain pastures. His left eye is now completely blind. After examining him, Chilean doctors said that he was probably exposed to excessive uhraviolet-B radiation. They prescribed UV-resistant sunglasses, which Ulloa can't afford. Chilean scientists estimate that levels of the carcinogenic ultravioletB radiation jumped more than 1,000 percent in Punta Arenas, the largest town located under the ozone hole. Huge increases in skin cancer, and sheep, fish and rabbit blindness are being reported in the area. Despite this starriing evidence, there is very little research being done in the area. The Universily of Chile was unable to raise the $11,000 for a spectral radiometer to measure radiation levels and because ohhis a planned three-year study fell through. t.....---------------...11 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche: Protest Forced Eviction (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuche: Protest Forced Eviction (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/5a37ab14458dde5967625de4b7727080.pdf 7528ba0853b354de5fb530db93cb8056 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf PDF Text Text Chile I The Mapuche Nation of Chile has launched a campaign to draw international attention to the plight of over one million Indians threatened with forced eviction from their ancestrnlland. "What we are asking is that the Chilean authorities leave our people alone," Reynaldo Mariqueo of the Mapuche Committee in Europe said. This message was also communicated to Chilean AmbassadorGermanRiesco Zafiartu in a letter addressed to Chilean President Patricio Aylwin. The Committee, representing the Mapuche-Pehuenche, said they launched the campaign to confront the "unofficial state of siege" declared recently in Indian territory in Chile. Mariqueo said: ''The government has sent in a police contingent of approximately 400 men, military vehicles, police vans, mounted police and helicopters, and (taken) other measures to prevent a possible uprising in the Andes mountains and take the land." Thecommunity,situatedin theQuinquen district of Cautfn province, survived mainly on the pehuen tree, harvesting the pine nuts for food and selling or exchanging the surplus for other essential goods. But the Indians were unaware that as far back as 1918 their land had been sold by the Chilean state to privateOWI!ElS (rm-~)who then resold it for a profit In 1987, Pinochet's government issued a decree that allowed timber industries to override an earlierforestprotectionlaw. When thepresentgovernmentcametopower,another law was passed to protect the forests, which meant the owners now wished to sell the land that they could no longer exploit But in June 1990, the land owners filed a case at the supreme court asking the Indians to leave to facilitate the selling of the land. "The present situation is desperate. Until now the strength of opposition from Mapuche organisations has delayed the eviction proVol 6 Num 3 press for autonomy and self-determination for cess," Mariqueo said: our people." Orders to proceed with the operation, he Source: International Press Service said, have now been given and will be carried out by Gen. Osvaldo Munoz Sanhueza, who was active in the Pinochet dictatorship. The objective, Mariqueo said, is to transfer the people together with their personal belongThe people living in the tip of ings and animals to a designated area away from the community, while their homes will be destroyed. Mariqueo quoted Sanhueza as saying that military units from three provinces had been mobilized, and a base camp had been set up to supervise the takeover and provide logistic support The Mapuches, living in the Andes mountains,are the original inhabitants of what is now Argentina and Chile. During the Spanish conquest, the Mapuches signed a treaty to defme the borders of their territory, which was honored by Spain. The treaty was also acknowledged by Argentina and Chile when they gained independence. They signed several more agreements with theMapuches but which they later broke. "Our major objective is to continue with the campaign until justice is served toourpeople,'' Mariqueo said. "if we don't campaign, the atrocities will continue. Our ultimate aim is to Tierra del Fuego are living under the ozone hole, which scientists have recenrly found to be growing much faster than anticipated. It is now four times larger than the United States and from late August until early December is direcrly over the high mountain homeland of the Mapuche. Walter Ulloo, a 28-year-old farmhand found that his arms burned "like boiling water" and his eyes became swollen, irritated and clouded over after working high mountain pastures. His left eye is now completely blind. After examining him, Chilean doctors said that he was probably exposed to excessive uhraviolet-B radiation. They prescribed UV-resistant sunglasses, which Ulloa can't afford. Chilean scientists estimate that levels of the carcinogenic ultravioletB radiation jumped more than 1,000 percent in Punta Arenas, the largest town located under the ozone hole. Huge increases in skin cancer, and sheep, fish and rabbit blindness are being reported in the area. Despite this starriing evidence, there is very little research being done in the area. The Universily of Chile was unable to raise the $11,000 for a spectral radiometer to measure radiation levels and because ohhis a planned three-year study fell through. t.....---------------...11 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuches Living Under the Ozone Hole (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuches Living Under the Ozone Hole (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/d9b303caf3a0084f54645e4c5781b2bb.pdf a596ce0fa95529966f4e4c3998f4a712 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (18).pdf PDF Text Text 5 1a D~ODD~~ ~~OD cS~~CP[]:0 ~rn~ovrnm.0 ~rnrnu "Nearly 150 Indian leaders from the La Paz provinces came together in a planning and consciousness-raising meeting to consolidate the Assembly ofNationalities," reported Zenobio Quispe, permanent secretary of the Federation of Campesino Worlcers of La Paz (Tupaj Katari). During the event, campesinos of La Paz, struggling for unity, reiterated the need to establish their own political party and assembly of nationalities, and determined thatthelndirufeonfederationshould be formed, under its own laws, and its own political constitution "until Aymara, Quechua, Guaranies and other nationalities assume power." The participants reject the celebration of the quincentennial because Oct. 12 is a dateofpain and mourning forcampesinos and Indians of the continent. For this reason, they will demonstrate with a reaffirmation of their cultural identities and 18 ~ against ethnocide, genocide, and the destruction of cultural values. Ideological Unity The participants will ask professionals committed to the cause of Native peoples for their support in creating documents and school texts, both historical and othexwise, which will encourage Native cultural values. "This first meeting has been positive, because with the initiativeofthecampesino and Indian authorities, we have accepted the responsibility of strengthening our organizations," said the Director of Tupaj Katari attheconclusionofthemeeting. He indicates that the most important step is to organize because the Indian, campesino, worker, and popularmovementshave been weakened in the current political climate. "In spite of the adverse situation, campesinos and Indians have accepted the great challenge of establishing the assem- ~CQ) ~~ CP~~ bly ofnationalities and a political party, to provideanaltemativeforthemarginalized and oppressed sectors of Bolivia." Seventh Congress The seventh congress of the Federation of Campesino Workers of La Paz (fupaj Katari) will be held Dec. 20-22. At this event the Federation will discuss the situation of the campesinos, who categorically reject property taxes and demand that the government fulfill the numerous obligations it has made to agricultural workers. The Federation of Campesinos of La Paz, which seems to be consolidating itself after several actions which were interrupted by official militants, "has decided to fmm anew pluralist executive committee, but only with leaders who fight for the people and not with those who have sold out to the oligarchy's parties." Source: Semanario Aqui [Chuquiyawu, Bolivia] SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In Search of Unity: Indian and Campesino Leaders Meet in La Paz (Bolivia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title In Search of Unity: Indian and Campesino Leaders Meet in La Paz (Bolivia) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (18).pdf