55 12 1190 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/11cd7d6b0b5b7965801d00d4869a1de4 680d12d22b69170e1b197f7552573c7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (36-37).pdf PDF Text Text ras derivan su identidad individual de la tierra. Esto crea un vínculo esencial que debe ser mantenido, entre nosotros y nuestras tierras ancestrales. La tierra no es un recurso económico para ser vendido. No podemos seguir basando nuestro futuro económico en la extracción y explotación de los recursos naturales. El acceso a los recursos debe estar sujeto a las leyes naturales. Si destruímos la tierra,no tendremos recursos para sobrevivir, ni hogar, ni futuro para las próximas generaciones. Si destruímos estas riquezas, habremos roto nuestro deber sagrado. Nuestras Naciones necesitan establecer reglamentos para el uso de la tierra, bajo la guía de leyes espirituales. Debemos usar el sentido común para ayudar a que nuestra gente pueda beneficiarse con los recursos de la tierra y al mismo tiempo se pueda mantener la existencia a largo plazo de esos recursos. Las personas, los clanes y las Naciones ejercen soberanía sobre la tierra. Este es un derecho colectivo que tiene implicancias espirituales. Si abusamos de esta responsabilidad, la consecuencia será la destrucción de nuestras Naciones, nuestras culturas y recursos. Nuestro camino ha sido desviado por ambiciones materiales instigadas por la era industrial. Debemos recordar con qué fin nos fue entregada la tierra en primer lugar. Cada cultura tribal posee una ética referida al uso de la tierra y esta ética debe ser reinstaurada. Hemos heredado la tierra de nuestros ancestros. Ellos nos han legado esta responsabilidad. Poseemos la tierra, no para beneficio económico sino para protegerla, para que las próximas generaciones tengan un hogar, un lugar en la tierra, un futuro seguro. Debemos inculcar en ellos un profundo respeto por todos los obsequios de la creación ... Como conclusión, el Círculo Sagrado Tradicional espera que todas las personas realizen un esfuerzo para incorporar los valores tradicionales en sus vidas. Creemos que existe un necesidad urgente de modificar las prácticas destructivas que alteran la paz y las formas de vida naturales. Con este comunicado, el Círculo Tradicional de Ancianos y Jóvenes hace un llamado al mundo para que juntos colaboremos en la restauración de la armonía de la vida y en la protección de la Madre Tierra. "Daalang gii giinahl sudaas naa dang gyust' aa sqawdaagii u u daalang gahl kil'laa gaa. Howa. Gaa gang at t'aa ts'ii. (Gracias por escuchar nuestra palabra. Caminen con cuidado.)" ¡Noticias de Ultimo Momento! Sur Ejército Norteamericano Indígenas Entrevista a Manuel Ku, de la comarca Ngwobe (Guaymi) deQuiriqui y miembro de la Pastoral Aborigen de la Iglesia Metodista, que visitó el área de San Francisco, patrocinado por la Fundación "Global Exchange". SAliC: ¿Cuáles son los effectos de la intervención Norteamericana en Panama? Manuel Ku (M.K.): Se estima que 3.000 personas murieron durante la invasión, y que hubo alrededor de 2.000 heridos. �SAIIC: ¿Que pasó en el Chorrillo? M.K.: Chorrillo, un barrio de gente muy pobre, ahora es una ciudad desvastada por el bombardeo, le doy un ejemplo, el servicio metereorológico de la Universidad registró 465 detonaciones de bombas, és decir que cada dos minutos explotaba una bomba. Actualmente hay 18.000 personas víctimas de la intervención que perdieron todo, incluso sus seres queridos. Ha aparecido gente carbonizada, gente que murió en los tiroteos o por los misiles que cayeron sobre sus hogares. El gobierno norteamericano tiene la responsabilidad de estos hechos y la obligación de indemnizar a estas familias. Ha habido un manejo publicitario para desinformar a la opinóon pública. Muchos panameños desconocen la magnitud de la invasión. Se destruyeron mas de 13.000 viviendas. Se han descubierto varias fosas comunes de 400 cadáveres cada una. En el Chorrillo un sepulturero recogió 200 cadáveres y el ejército norteamericano le pagaba 6 dólares por cada cuerpo. SAIIC: ¿Este Gobierno permite la investigación imparcial de estos hechos? M.K. En cierta medida, pues tienen que responder frente a la opinión pública internacional ,pero por ejemplo no dejan exhumar los cadáveres de las fosas comunes ni dan información a los familiares de las personas desaparecidas durante la invasión. SAIIC: ¿El ejército norteamericano está controlando todavía parte del territorio panameño? M.K.: El ejército norteamericano sigue controlando los cuarteles de todo el país y actúan como si estuviesen en su propio territorio intimidando y persiguiendo a las organizaciones populares. SAIIC: ¿O sea que el gobierno es un instrumento de norteamérica? M.K.: El gobierno panameño está haciendo de defensor de los intereses de la Administración Bush. SAIIC ¿Qué está pasando en las áreas indígenas? M.K.: En el área indígena de Chiriqui donde vive el Pueblo Ngwobe (Guaymíes) se están haciendo operativos militares, con el pretexto de encontrar armas o fuerzas leales a Noriega, pero en realidad es una forma de hacer un control político y ver qué grupos populares se están organizando. SAIIC: ¿Cree que habrá más conflictos sobre tierras en el futuro? M.K.: Las nuevas autoridades nacionales y provinciales son terratenientes, así que los conflictos se van a agudizar. En la comunidad donde trabajo el Alcalde amenazó con quemar los ranchos y sacar la gente a la fuerza. SAIIC: ¿Hay resistencia del pueblo panameño? M.K.: Los sectores populares están dispuestos a asumir una lucha reivindicativa de las conquistas sociales y una lucha por la autonomía nacional y a la autodeterminación de nuestro pueblo. En este sentido es necesario que se haga sentir la solidaridad con los compañeros indígenas de Panamá. Hacemos un llamado a todas la organizaciones populares a enviar cartas al Presidente Endara para que se respeten los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas. Este es un símbolo Mapuche que representa las cuatro direcciones y el contínuo movimiento de toda la vida en nuestro planeta. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Comando Sur del Ejercito Norteamericano Allana Areas Indigenas (Panama) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Comando Sur del Ejercito Norteamericano Allana Areas Indigenas (Panama) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (36-37).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 36-37 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/43429ec9ca99a7d6e5187eb6f2806803 2bce6f52bf31a53dc29069536b2fba0c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (38).pdf PDF Text Text Para Subscribirse al Boletín por un año (tratamos El Boletín de SAIIC en Español se distribuye gra- de publicar tres nuúmeros al año), por favor enviar una donación de U.S. $ 10.00 en Estados Unidos y Canadá o U.S. $12 desde cualquier otro país. tuitamente a organizaciones o comunidades indias de Centro y Sur América. Nos gustaría recibir en forma de intercambio, otras publicaciones, noticias o sus opiniones. El Programa de Radio de SAHC, "Noticias de Sud y Centroamé:rica", se transmite los terceros viernes de cada mes a las 8.00 de la noche en KPFA-FM,94.1 en el Norte de California, E.E.U.U. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre SAIIC Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Sobre SAIIC 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (38).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 38 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/0faf3a0aba0d2e0f908acfaab4725a8d 1e56950ac57cb88479d6b798d1f0e481 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (39).pdf PDF Text Text Actividades Amazónicas SAIIC es coautor de una publicación especial que tiene el propósito de fortalecer las comunidades del Amazonas que están luchando por la conservación de la selva y por los Derechos Humanos esenciales de los Pueblos Indios de la región. La Guía de Recursos, publicada conjuntamente con el Rainforest Action Network y el Proyecto Amazonas incluye información sobre organizaciones comunitarias, problemas a los que se enfrentan los pueblos amazónicos, una guía de cientos de grupos de apoyo en todo el mundo, y una lista de libros y películas relacionadas con el Amazonas. La Guía se publicará proximamente. Dirigirse a SAIIC para obtener información sobre la forma de obtener una copia. Responsables y Colaboradores en este Número • Coordinador: Nilo Cayuque • Responsable de Edición: W ara Alderete • •Diseño y Diagramación: Peter Veilleux•Asistente de Edición: Alfredo Saynes• SAIIC agradece a las siguientes personas por su generosa contribución: Vanguard Foudation, Peace Development Fund, Onaway Trust, AFSC, Church of Christ for Homeland Ministries, Methodist ChurchLatin American Division, David Balsam, Kay Cole, Elizabeth Draper, Helen Gildred, y Maya Miller. Miembros de SAIIC: Nilo Cayuqueo, Xihuanel Huerta, Gina Pacaldo, Carlos Maibeth, Wara Alderete, Isidro Gali, Guillermo Padilla, Glenn Switkes, Lucilene Whitesell, Monti Aguirre, Peter Veilleux, María Souza, Ellen Speicer, Nickie Irvine, Rodrigo Betancur, James Muneta, Julio Leon, y Alfredo Saynes. Agradecemos especialmente a las siguientes personas que han colaborado con el presente Boletín: David Lauel, Rolando Ramírez, Judy Wells,Wes Huss, Karen Crump, Lynnda Gray, Angela Gennino, Hunza Graphics. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guia de Recursos y Actividades Amazonicas, Concurso de Diseno Grafico, y Responsables y Colaboradores en este Numero Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Guia de Recursos y Actividades Amazonicas, Concurso de Diseno Grafico, y Responsables y Colaboradores en este Numero 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (39).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 39 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/9475c47035626363a7fb306be7b4bc8c 16cfd91598917f3b2629a17e05558204 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (40).pdf PDF Text Text Pte. Borja adjudica tierras a los Huaoranis, reservándose el derecho a seguir explotando petroleo y recursos naturales. Gobierno Ecuatoriano Desde hace varios años el Pueblo Huaorani, como así también la Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana (CONFENIAE) y la Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador (CONAIE), han estado exigiendo la delimitación y legalización de los territorios que históricamente les pertenecen. El 3 de abril pasado, el Presidente de Ecuador, Rodrigo Borja, adjudicó "un inmueble baldío de 612.000 has." a los Huaorani. La ceremonia tuvo lugar en el Salón Presidencial; 18 Huaoranis representando a sendas comunidades viajaron a Quito para recibir los títulos de propiedad. La ceremonia estuvo ímbuída de una fuerte connotación política propagandística por parte del gobierno: "Bajo mi gobierno, Ustedes serán hombres libres y jamás esclavos de nadie ... tampoco serán esclavos de dogmas ni de agitadores interesados en hacer de Ustedes un instrumentio político ... " En el documento de adjudicación que el Instituto de Reforma Agraria y Colonización, IERAC, entregó a los representantes Huaorani, consta que "Los adjudicatarios no podrán impedir o dificultar los trabajos de exploración minera y de hidrocarburos que realice el Gobierno Nacional y/o personas naturales o jurídicas legalmente autorizadas". Con estas condiciones, está claro que las intenciones del Gobierno Ecuatoriano son de continuar con la explotación de petróleo y otros recursos naturales en la Amazonía. Por otro lado, continúa la política colonialista de menosprecio por las culturas indias y la negación del derecho a decidir su propio destino. Todas las controversias que rodearon la entrega de estos títulos con una gran propaganda oficial, dan muestras de que el gobierno está tratando de borrar su imagen negativa en cuanto a la destrucción del medio ambiente y la negación de los derechos indios. Ni CONAIE ni CONFENIAE fueron invitadas a la ceremonia. Ayuma Tenko, representante del Pueblo Huaorani, al recibir los títulos de propiedada expresó: "Esta entrega de territorios que Usted nos hace no es totalemente su voluntad. Es producto de la lucha de años de nuestro pueblo, de las organizaciones nacionales, de la solidaridad nacional e internacional. Además, Señor Presidente le pedimos que ahora mismo se paralize la construcción de carreteras en nuestro territorio, que desalojen a los colonos que han invadido nuestras tierras y a las compañías petroleras que están destruyendo la selva, algún día nos quedaremos sin nada. Si usted no cumple, sabremos defender con nuestras propias lanzas lo que nos pertenece." Para Comunicarse con SAIIC, escribir a: P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley CA 94707, USA Telex: #154205417 (Attn: SAIIC), Teléfono: (415) 834-4263, FAX: (415)834-4264, Correspondencia electrónica: via Peacenet (cdp:SAIIC) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gobierno Ecuatoriano Legaliza Tierras del Pueblo Huaorani y Condiciona su Tenencia (Back Cover) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Gobierno Ecuatoriano Legaliza Tierras del Pueblo Huaorani y Condiciona su Tenencia (Back Cover) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (40).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 40 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/d4c71819f82c8cc11227a256c5655030 d45d8f8764de4ddd2965545668aba80f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5 No. 2 & 3 (English).pdf PDF Text Text I I Mailing Address: P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA Office: 523 E. 14th St., Oakland, CA (415) 834-4263 Vol. 5, Nos. 2 & 3 Fall, 1989 & Winter, 1 �Amazon Indian Delegation Forges New U.S. Alliances Representatives of Native organizations of the Amazon basin have told environmentalists and funders of development projects that they insist upon playing a greater role in shaping policies for the future of the Amazon. In a series of historic meetings in Washington D.C. and San Franciscio in October, delegates of the Coordinating Body for the Indigenous Peoples' Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA), which is made up of indigen0'1S organizations of five Amazon nations, ~d a new agenda for "a permanent 2 dialogue" with these groups without intermediaries. Evaristo Nugkuag (Aguaruna, Peru), President of COICA told environmentalists from 18 major conservatim, organizations in Washington, "The Amazon thal is burning right now is our life ... the time has come for the indigenous peoples of the .M.mazon - the people who have always lived there ... to defend our lives." A principal concern of the Indian delegation was that environmentalists "have left us, the Indigenous peoples, out of your vision of the Amazonian biosphere." As a result, they say, environmental groups have promoted as alternatives to the destruction of Amazonia, programs such as debt-for-nature �I I i "there can be no development projects in indigenous areas without the informed consent of the Indigenous Peoples affected," and were promised regular meetings with field representatives of the international agencies. swaps and the creation of national parks, which have been used by the governments of the Amazon countries to undermine Native land claims. The COICA delegation which, besides Nugkuag consisted of Luis Angel Chaurra (Chami, Colombia), Wilfrido Aragon (Quichua, Ecuador), and Santos Adan Atsua (Aguaruna, Peru) urged environmentalists to develop a closer working relationship with indigenous organizations, and proposed "debt for indigenous stewardship" swaps as a means of returning areas of the Amazonian rainforest to the care and control of Native people. They invited the environmentalists to continue their discussion of common goals at a meeting to be convened by COICA in Iquitos, Peru in May, 1990. The COICA delegation also met with officials of the World Bank, the Interamerican Development Bank, and USAID, three development banks responsible for funding projects which have had a serious impact on indigenous communities. They told the funders COICA told the banks "We have used and cared for the resources [of the Amazon] with a great deal of respect, because it is our home, and because we know that our survival and that of our future generations depends on it. Our accumulated knowledge about the ecology of our home, our models for living with the peculiarities of the Amazon biosphere, our reverence and respect for the tropical forest and its other inhabitants, both plant and animal, are the keys to guaranteeing the future of the Amazon Basin, not only for our peoples, but also for all of humanity." COICA, which was formed in response to an attempt by the governments of the Amazon Basin to control policies affecting indigenous peoples through the Amazon Cooperation Treaty, includes the participation of AIDESEP (Peru), CIDOB (Bolivia), CONFENIAE (Ecuador), ONIC (Colombia), and UNI (Brazil). COICA can be contacted by mail, telephone or Fax: COICA Jiron Almagro 614 Lima 11, Peru Telephone: 631983 Fax:51-14-423572 �companies. Approximately 3,000,000 more hectares are in the exploratory phases. Ecuadorian Government Grants New Concessions to Oil Companies The government of President Rodrigo Borjas will grant new concessions to oil companies operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest as well as on the coast. Oil development in Ecuador is controlled and monitored by the Ecuadorean State Petroleum Corporation (CEPE). Approximately 630,000 hectares of fragile rainforest and coastal regions are being exploited by oil A new round of concessions is expected before 1990 in the next international bid. The New Oriente Concessions will total more than 2,500,000 hectares and include lands in Huaorani Indian territories, as well as lands in Yasuni National Park. Conoco, a U.S. based company, and one of about 20 international petroleum corporations currently operating in Ecuador, is planning to build a 175 kilometer road which will serve to build and maintain an oil pipeline. This project has met with serious opposition nationally from Indian organizations (particularly CONFENIAE), and criticized by many �international environmental groups. (see SAIIC newsletter, Fait 1989). The Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund, based in San Francisco, California, has been circulating a 39 page report about oil road construction through Ecuador's YasuniNational Park. The report received particular attention at the UN Session for the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities last August in Geneva, Switzerland. The report states that "the already severe reduction in the Huaorani population because of similar activities in the past is well documented and is notice of the threat of genocide of the Huaorani people if the road and other encroachments occur ... Both Ecuador and Conoco, as joint organizers of the oil exploration in Huaorani territory, could be liable for genocide." (pp.1718) CORDAVI, a human rights legal defense group in Ecuador, has presented a similar case against the construction of the road, alleging that the "Ecuadorean government violated the constitution by allowing the construction of the road and the exploitation of resources within a protected area." Last May, representatives of the Ecuadorean government, CEPE, and the Ecuadorean Institute of Agrarian Reform (IERAC) and representatives of CONFENIAE and the National Organization of Indian People in Ecuador (CONAIE) signed an agreement at Sarayacu, an Indian community in the rainforest. The legal authorities committed to legalizing Huaorani Indian territories as protected areas, as well as other Indian territories, under the coordination of CONFENIAE. They also agreed to stop the colonization of Indian territories in the rainforest and on the coast, and to require the withdrawal of the Sumner Institute of Linguistics from Indian territories. As of today, the government has not complied with any of the agreements. CONFENIAE reports that "the situation in the Ecuadorian rainforest today is extremely alarming. Of the approximately eleven million hectares of rainforest, 35% is under private occupation by plantations, cattle ranches, and other forms of agroindustry. Only 15% has been declared national parklands. Overall, 80% of the region is held by private companies which have been known to destroy the forest under the system of' conces- �sions.' For that reason, we, the Indian people are standing up to defend our territory and to preserve the ecosystem of the Amazon ... " Oil Companies Destroy Quichua Sacred Site SAIIC coordinator, Nilo Cayuqueo together with international lawyer, Karen Parker of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Club visited Ecuador from July 7th to the 21st to meet with representatives of CONFENIAE (the Confederation of Indian Nationalities of Ecuador). The purpose of the visit was to discuss possible international legal actions to take against the Ecuadorean Government and the international oil companies, primarily a division of the U.S. company- Conoco, operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest. The following interview took place in Block 10 of the Sarayacu River where the U.S. oil company Arco, and the French exploration company CGG, are operating in the Ecuadorian Amazon. "My name is Juan Sanchez Pena. I am over 50 years old and I have lived in this community of Sarayacu [which means River of Corn in Quichua] all my life. My parents and my grandparents and all my ancestors were from here also. We, the Quichua people from the Amazon region of what is now called Ecuador, were living here peacefully. We have had enough food - yuca, corn, different types of potatoes and fruit. Here, in the Amazon, we have many rivers and are able to fish. Every family has a canoe to travel on the rivers, to fish and to visit friends, and to go to ceremonies and fiestas. When a young couple or anyone needs a new canoe, we hold a 'minga' [communal work party] to construct it. When we need meat, we go hunting. We, the men, do that and the women wait for us and when we return, we have ceremonies and a big party. We used to have a lot of animals to eat here, but now the situation is different and sadly, it's getting worse all the time. A long time ago (around 1943-45), people came with heavy machinery. They came and without telling us anything, they started to make big explosions. We did not know what was going on! Later, we found out that they were exploring for petroleum. About one or two years later, other people came to cut the trees in �some areas to make helicopter landings. Those were the oil companies like Webster and Shell. We were concerned, and when we asked the authorities about the exploration on our land, they said that it will only be in a few areas, that we don't have to worry. But throughout the years, more companies came and they extended the area of oil exploration. There is a French company, CGG which is exploring everywhere. They are using powerful detonators and many of the animals have run away, scared. In many cases the animals left their eggs and babies without protection and they died. For example, the other day we found some dead baby parrots in a nest abandoned by the parents. We have a sacred lagoon where we used to go to have ceremonies. But now, with all the explosions on the edges, all of our sacred spirits have been frightened away. Also, most of the fish are dead. There aren't so many wild animals left, the rivers are contaminated, and we often see dead fish floating down the rivers. About two years ago, the oil companies threw about 50 boxes of a chemical we call 'Rojo' into the river. This killed all the fish for a long time. Most of the Indian people here in the Pastaza Province are members of OPIP, the Organization of Indigenous People of Pastaza. Together with other Indian federations in the Ecuadorian Amazon, we are also members of CONFENIAE. There is no way for us to protect our lands from these companies without our organizations. In the past, non-Indian people would say that to be an Indian was to be ignorant and uncivilized, but today they are realizing that the Indian values are valid; that we need to learn from each other. We have centuries of experience living in harmony with. the Amazon. We Indian people are realizing how very important it is to be in touch with other Indians from the South and maybe even from the North. I am confident that some day in the near future, Indian people will be free." Update on the Salasaca Case In the Summer, 1988 issue of the SAIIC Newsletter, we reported on the situation of Rudicindo Masaquiza. Despite many letters of concern from the U.S. and Europe, he is still being held in an Ecuadorian jail without a trial. Ten other Salasaca Indians are still in hiding to avoid capture by the Service of Criminal Investigation. One has left the country permanently. One of the names on the list is Mariano Caisabando. Last April, another Salasaca Indian also named Mariano Caisabando, but from a different community, was �This led to many racial tensions and outright attacks between the Salasacas and the Mestizo communities. Rudicindo Masaquiza was arrested, stripped and beaten with a hose and remains in jail one and one-half years later. Salasacan Teenagers Photo by Lynn Meisch kidnapped by the family of the executed thieves and brought to the police. It was verified that he is not the person on the list, but he is still being held anyway. In June of 1988, after a plague of robberies in the community, Rudicindo Masaquiza woke up and surprised thieves who were robbing his house. Sr. Masaquiza roused his neighbors and together, they captured the thieves. In the process, one Salasaca was stabbed. After discovering that the thieves who were mestizos from a nearby town, were part of a gang responsible for robberies in many Salasaca houses, a faction of Salasacas killed them. 8 Salasacas have lost land, lives and property through the mestizo legal system; community self-defense and enforcement of their own laws have been their only defenses. UNIS (the Union of Indigenous Salasacas) is handling the case. The President of UNIS, Jose Maria Masaquiza took the position that the Salasacas are not morally bound to obey laws and a legal system in which they had no hand in making, in which they continue to be exploited. In the subsistence economy that is pervasive among the Salasacas, to steal the sheep, tools, hand-made clothing and seed corn from a family is to rob them of years of labor, and to condemn them to years of hunger. In the plaza, when the Salasacas united to defend themselves against the racial attacks they were facing, they frequently reasserted the legality of their action by citing the laws of Tahuantinsuyo, "Do not steal. Do not be lazy. And don't lie." Invasion of Yanomami Lands Provokes International Outcry Brazilian Indian leaders travelled to Roraima to observe the effects on the Yanomami people of an invasion of 40,000 gold miners. The commission was composed of Ail- �ton Krenak and Marcos Terena of the Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI). Kayapo leader Paiakan, Yanomami leader, Davi Kiriana, and Otoriguete Txcummarae denounced a process of "extermination" being carried out against the Yanomami. The Native leaders revealed that 15 Yanomami have died in recent weeks at the government health post in Boa Vista run by FUN AI, the national Indian foundation. Most of the deaths were caused by malaria, a disease brought by the miners, and compounded by acute malnutrition. The miners' invasion has drastically disrupted the subsistence activities of agriculture and hunting of the Yanomami, Va 5, Nrn2&3 the largest Indian nation in the Americas still not in complete contact with the national society. According to Amnesty International, the Yanomami have also been victims of violence, with two women and a child killed on August 11th near an airstrip used by the miners. Amnesty International also says it has received reports that between one and five Yanomamis were killed the first week of November near the headwaters of the Mucujai River. In addition, rivers in the area are now polluted with mercury, which is used in �goldmining, and venereal disease is now widespread. Over 90% of the population of Paapiu Village is reported suffering from onchocerciasis (commonly called 'river blindness'). According to Raimundo Yanomami of Paapiu, the health worker from FUNAI ( the government Indian Protection Agency) left the area, saying "It's these people, the gold miners who from now on, are going to give medicines to you. We're not giving anymore." Hundreds of small planes are taking off each day to bring miners and supplies to the Yanomami area. The Brazilian military has arbitrarily cut the size of Yanomami territory by 70% as part of their Calha Norte program. On October 20th, a federal judge issued a preliminary directive ordering the removal of gold miners from the Yanomami area. Federal police are charged with carrying out the eviction to remove the miners by air and relocate them to areas where gold mining is allowed by law. The Governor of Roraima, Romero Juca Filho, ex-president of FUN AI, has announced he will press for legalization of the gold miners' right to continue working within the Indian territory. i10 I - The federal court ruling ordering the removal of gold prospectors from Yanomami territories is being defied by the Brazilian government. This is in total disregard of the federal constitution. On January 9, 1990, the Brazilian government met with gold prospectors to discuss the ruling and reached an accord whereby the prospectors would be voluntarily relocated within Yanomami territory! This accord was reached without consulting the Yanomami people. Please write letters of protest to the Brazilian Embassy or your local Brazilian Consulate. Brazilian Embassy 3006 Mass Ave NW Washington, DC 20008 �Hopi Leader, Tomas Banyacya with Ailton Krenak on his visit to deliver petitions calling for a special session of the UN to debate ways to halt rainforest destruction. Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award In September, Ailton Krenak, National Coordinator of Brazil's Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI), came to Washington, DC to accept the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award of the Institute for Policy Studies on behalf of UNI. Later, Krenak joined other Third World activists in New York to deliver petitions totalling three million signatures to the United Nations, in calling for an emergency special session of the General Assembly to debate ways to halt the destruction of the rainforest and to discuss means of sustainable use Va5, Nos2&3 under the guidance of forest peoples. Krenak said, "All that has been done in the name of development has been disastrous to the majority of the people- economically, socially, and spiritually. It is necessary to question this logic, mainly as it threatens parts of our planet that are irreplaceable, such as the Amazon forest ... For us Indian people, being included in this process is like allowing a needle and tube to suck our blood as the wealth of our land is ripped off... We have to fight with courage, a strong spirit, and not let it swallow us." �backed Pinochet forces overthrew the government of Salvador Allende in September, 1973. The PTI presented their candidates for offices in all eight regions of Chile where the majority of people are Indigenous. The following is an excerpt from a letter SAIIC received from Cornelio Chipana Hererra. Indian People of Chile form their own Political Party The PTI- Practicing Unity in Diversity In the beginning of 1989, an organizational meeting with representatives from 28 Indian organizations across Chile was held. Aymara, Atacamena, Mapuche and Rapanui Indians were present. They decided to form their own political party, the Party of the Earth and Identity (PTI). The goals of the PTI are to achieve 1) representation as ethnic peoples in the Parliament, 2) constitutional recognition as peoples, 3) the official recognition of their languages, 4) bilingual and intercultural education, 5) the effective protection of their lands, waters and natural resources, and 6) the respect for and self-development of Indigenous peoples. The PTI defends the right of Indigenous communities to maintain their social, economic, and cultural organizations and their ancestral way of occupying the Earth. Elections were held in Chile on December 17, 1989, the first elections held since the US- '12 "We write to invoke the defense and dignity of the people. We are a people beaten down since the Spanish conquest when we were evicted from our best lands and a different system was imposed on us ... we were enslaved as laborers for the mines. We remained enslaved for 150 years. Since the War of the Pacific in 1879, we have been subjected to a process of Chileanization. This further undermined the basis of our society and translates today to underdevelopment or extreme poverty for our majority, our own self-hatred identity, the loss of our cultural models, and what is even more serious, the desire to integrate ourselves into the national majority. "We are rejected and discriminated against, leaving us suspended in a void as nonpersons; we are neither one, nor the other, because we have been denied the knowledge of our own history. In the last 15 years of authoritarian government, we have lived under the militarization of our zones; laws have been mandated whereby the government denies our legal existence, the free market is robbing us of our llamas and alpacas. Schools are being shut down in the rural zones because of the massive migration to the cities. The most serious and pressing problem is the usurpation of our water by the mining companies in our communities. If the phenomenon continues, our lands and communities will probably be abandoned. �"Our party [the PTI] is built around the ideals of harmonic development between humans, nature and technology, and most importantly we aim to put an end to the great injustices that the minorities in Chile have had to endure. Like our ancestors, we are especially ecology-minded. We interpret this to mean that we are dedicated to social equality, social order and respect for nature. We propose a unity in the diversity of the environment in the frame of an eco-justice. We believe we are part of the universal cosmos and therefore share all the joys and sorrows of our brothers and sisters of the Earth. We are all children of Pachamama (Aymara for Mother Earth). The Declaration of Principles explains that the historic commitment of the PTI is 'with the human-Earthcosmos relationship, which has always been the inspiration and the sustainment of the indigenous cosmovision." tions from the Mapuches - Huilliches and Kawaskagar in the South, the Aymara in the North, to the Rapa Nui from Easter Island, compiled an 18 page proposal to all political parties running in the elections. Some of the outstanding points of the proposal are: • "The Chilean Constitution must be changed so that the existence of Indigenous people is formally recognized and that Chile is a Plurinational country ... • The state must take immediate action to return land which was stolen from the Indian people by non-Indian people ... • The state should implement bilingual and bicultural education, with respect for the Indian cosmovision ... " Some of the more specific demands are as follows: " "The new government should give back to the Aymara people, the water rights in their territory. These rights have been revoked With a fond embrace and a warm greeting from our long suffering people, Cornelio Chipana Hererra Photo of A ymara Indian preparing llama for shearing by Wayne Bernhardson. National Secretary of the PTI Aymara del Norte, Chile ~ w People Indigenous Demand to be Heard by All Political Parties in Etections The "Technical Commission of Indigenous People," representing several Indian organiza- �by the dictatorship and given to private corporations operating in the Aymara territory ... " The Chilean state must recognize the rights of the Aymara to their lands instead of regarding these as federal lands ... " The repeal of governmental decrees 2568 and 2750, dictated by General August Pinochet, where the Mapuche lands were divided into individual parcels ... " The immediate halt of the construction of the hydroelectric dam on the Bio Bio River and to the destruction of the forests there, which are having very detrimental effects on the lives of the Pehuenchez people ... " The recognition of the autonomous rights of the Rapa Nui to their traditional lands on Easter Island and a repeal of the decree annexing Easter Island in 1933 ... • The recognition of Rapa Nui Elders as the legitimite authority of the Rapa Nui people ... "The rights of the Mapuche Huilliches to their land and a recognition of the treaty between them and the Chilean government signed in 1793 ... " Urgent action to halt the extermination of the Mapuche Kawaskar in the extreme South of Chile ... " War on Drugs takes Spotlight off Continuing Violence against Indian People The latest public announcements from the drug lords of Colombia are offers of financial support to help the government in their longstanding battles against "subversive" movements. This is neither new nor bizarre to people in Colombia. What is new and bizarre is that the government is publicly refusing such offers. Contrary to what is portrayed by the international media, the narco-trafficking issue is not the only, nor the main problem in Colombia. The latest wave of killings mark a turning point in Colombia's violent history. The killers hired by narco-traffickers have moved away from just murdering grassroots organizers and opposition members to targeting banks, financial institutions, newspapers, and a wide spectrum of government officials. The reason for this new onslaught is to pressure the government to stop complying with the extradition treaty made with the U.S. government and to force negotiations that will eventually allow narco-dealers to remain safely in Colombia. Narco-trafficking grew to such enormous magnitude in the last 15 years in Colombia because of the lack of response to the situation by the government. There are two reasons for this: 1) the tremendous economic gain for the country, as well as for corrupt officials and military personnel, and 2) because the drug lords have faithfully contributed towards the oppression of "subversive" elements, especially in the rural areas where coca is grown. A quick review of Colombian newspapers from the last ten years shows clearly that the Colombian army and drug lords were behind most of the killings of political members of opposition parties, workers union activists, Indian and peasant leaders, educators, independent journalists and judges. This �strategic cooperation between the narcotics dealers and the military, along with the tremendous volume of money the former have invested in the country, demonstrates the fact that the drug lords acted with total impunity regarding their violent criminal activities. As a result of their exoneration from justice, the narco-network was allowed to grow to such an extent that they began to dispute with the government power structures. This conflict led to a series of attacks on Colombia's ruling class, including the assasination in last September of the leading presidential candidate, L.C. Galan. It was shortly after this murder that the government detained 10,000 people and "discovered" the whereabouts of the drug king-pins, and within a week had confiscated hundreds of planes, cars, weapons, properties and millions in cash. The already turbulent social climate of Colombia has been compounded since by the extraordinary wave of violence of the narco-traffickers retaliation. The latest issues of the Colombian Indian newspapers, "Unidad Indigena" and "Alvaro Ulcue" report that the killing of Indian leaders and organizers continues uninterrupted. In fact, every issue of these periodicals in the last 15 years has reported the killings of Indian activists. Even so, their cry for life, land, autonomy and respect for their cultures continues to grow strong. CRIC Headquarters Bombed The Headquarters of the Indian Regional Council of Cauca (CRIC) where the CRIC Newspaper is published, was bombed in September. Although there were 30 Indian people sleeping in the building at the time, nobody was hurt. After the attack, the Indian people in the building were detained, questioned, and put through a rigorous identification process. Then the police proceeded to raid the office, supposedly searching for clues about the bombing. Following the incident, the governor of the state of Cauca appeared and expressed solidarity with CRIC. He also promised restitution for the damages. A few days later, however, when CRIC organizers went to his office to request a permit to hold a demonstration in protest of the attack, they were denied the permit and the offer of economic aid was withdrawn. The attack and the ensuing debacle with the governor is in keeping with what Indian people in Colombia call, "a tradition of political violence and economic, social, and cultural oppression, generated by the dominant class in Colombia against the poorest sector of society." Indian Leaders Murdered SAIIC expresses condolences to the families of two female Indian leaders, Maria Juana Camayo, City Council member of the town of Totaro, and Berta Cecilia de Jesus, member of the Executive Committee of the Peasant Federation of Cauca. They were both murdered and evidence leaves no doubt that they were executed by narco-paramilitary death squads. As usual in these types of crimes, the bombing and the deaths, no suspects were detained and no in-depth investigations were conducted. �Call to Action on the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples This is an invitation to all Indian people throughout the Americas, to take part in the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples on the "500 Years of Indian Resistance" commemorations in 1992. The meeting will take place in Quito, Ecuador at the end of June, 1990. The meeting is being organized by the Confederation of Indian Nations of Ecuador (CONAIE). The decision to hold this meeting was based on various discussions between Indian organizations throughout the I �continent which culminated with a preparatory meeting held last April in Quito between CONAIE, the National Organization of Indian People of Colombia CONIC), SAIIC, and other national and international support organizations. The broad objectives of the conference are: 1) to promote unity and active participation of Indigenous peoples and organizations in the 500 Years Campaign and to coordinate counter-commemorations; 2) to promote a broad, unified front of participation by other sectors of society, including those groups committed to human rights, justice, equality, and protection of the natural world, on a national and international level; 3) to re-establish inter-cultural relations between Indigenous peoples of the Americas. The first three days of the five-day Quito conference will be meetings between Indian peoples. Non-Indian people are invited to participate as observers for this period. The fourth day will be an open meeting with all the non-Indian organizations to discuss alliances and strategies, and on the fifth day there will be a press conference, a visit to local Indian communities, and in the late afternoon, a cultural exchange with Indian music. Following is a statement which was drawn up at the preparatory meeting in Quito, April 9th, 1989: A Call to Indigenous People: There is an urgent need to organize an indigenous response to the celebration of the so-called "Discovery of America," now officially called by some governments "the Encounter of Two Worlds." Spain, the Vatican, the United States and European and Latin American governments are preparing many pompous events to celebrate the "Conquest of America." From our Indigenous perspective, there was no "encounter." The contact between the Europeans and Indians did not permit equal conditions and opportunities. On the contrary, it was an armed invasion motivated by the quest for resources and by the crisis of feudal European regimes. The most evident consequences of these violent acts were genocide, the rape of our women, torture, political/ ideological and cultural submission and death through diseases brought to the continent. Our land and our resources were plundered. Military and religious power were the instruments of domination in the conquest. The conquest and the mentality of "Manifest Destiny" still prevails in modern society, in the operation of the oligarchy, in the abuses of the military, in the plundering of natural resources by multinational and national companies. These activities affect a large portion of our society, and in particular Indigenous people. We are still witnessing colonial aggression. �the end of June, 1990. The conquest of the Amazon today is very clear. This land is under assault in order to exploit its mineral resources, its reserves of valuable timber and its great hydro-electric potential. The Indigenous people of the Amazon are confronting this conquest, and this is 1989. The Yanomami, the most numerous of the Indigenous people of the Amazon rainforest, are facing the loss of their lands and are being killed because they are viewed as a barrier to the exploitation of natural resources in Brazil. Thus October 12, 1992 presents a great opportunity not to celebrate, nor to cry about our bad luck, but rather to reflect upon 500 years of the European invasion and to formulate alternatives for a better life, in harmony with Nature and with human dignity. Our peoples are developing forms of political, religious, cultural and economic interchange and interrelationship - a continental cultural identity; a civilization. Nevertheless, with the European invasion and subsequent process of colonization, we became isolated and out of communication, breaking a form of development we had attained. So, it is necessary to re-establish these lines of communication, to present an indigenous voice, not only against the celebration of the "SOOth Anniversary," but to face up to the innumerable common problems that we have and work for a worthy future for our people. Therefore, we invite all Indigenous peoples of our continent to reflect upon the real meaning of the "conquest" and to participate in the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples- 500 Years of Resistance" to be held at For further information about the conference, you can contact SAIIC or write to: CONAIE Los Granados 2553 Batan Quito, Ecuador A Historical Look at Native Resistance in South America The following is excerpted from a position paper written by CONAIE for their National Program: "On October 12, 1492 a group of adventurers backed by the Kings of Castille and Aragon, and lead by Christopher Columbus, landed on our continent. Their arrival inaugurated the so-called 'discoveries' of territories in America. As is well-known, the Spanish conquest originated out of an extremely high demand for precious metals. This demand was �generated by a crisis among feudal European regimes, particularly in Spain. The 'conquistadors' income generating plan was also fomented by a singular understanding and manner of practicing the Catholic faith. With respect to this perception of Catholicism, in 1606, Simon de Villalobos, a colonial authority, asserted, 'when we kill or wound, we must be careful to do so in defense of the faith of our father, Jesus Christ. In his name and defense we can win the heavens, employing_the spear and the knife.' oppression. The official religion served the function of appeasing the 'conquistadors' consciences while becoming a tool for controlling the indigenous people. This was the case, despite the fact that only 45 years after the 'discovery' of America, the Catholic Church recognized indigenous people as human beings. The true role of the Church during this period, however, was questioned by Bartolome de las Casas, precursor of the Church committed to the fate of the poor ... These events have been interpreted in In effect, the various manners. To extraction and apthe hispanicists and propriation of gold eurocentricists, Octoand other riches by ber 12, 1492 signified the 'conquistadors' the 'discovery' of the was marked by 'new continent' and violence and based the possibility of on exploiting the bringing the light of civilization and the labor of the indigenous population. AdCatholic religion to ditionally, various the dark, 'barbaric,' forms of political 'primitive/ and domination and 'pagan' societies. cultural oppression This point of view were used towards dominated Spanish "Now, we feel that this is the moment to define these ends. In the and Portuguese joint strategies and activities to counteract the final analysis, the thought during the official campaign of the SOOth Anniversary." 'conquest' process sixteenth century. constituted a transSlight modification to formation, readaptation, and in some cases, a this line of thinking occurred during the first break in the traditional lifestyles of our half of the seventeenth century, a period peoples. However, the principal characteristics dominated by the Dutch, and has been susof this process was the death of a huge portion tained to this day by the Anglo Saxon English, of the indigenous population. and later the North Americans, during the first decades of the twentieth century ... The use of such violence was not an isolated event. To the contrary, violence The Indo-american people expressed constituted one of the more visible aspects of many forms of resistance to colonial dominathe process of political domination and cultural tion. All focused on the same objective how- �ever; the end of colonial rule. In this manner, the numerous peoples existing in the Americas at the time of its conquest were able to strengthen their commitment to unity while confronting the foreign 'conquistadors.' Within this ethnic and hierarchical order, the African peoples brought to the Americas during the slave trade, as well as certain sectors of the white/mestizo society, were included in the system of exploitation installed by the agrarian, neo-colonial regime. The fact that they are also victims of an exploitative system prompted many to join in the diverse forms of resistance initiated by the indigenous peoples. This understanding of the need for unity has brought about permanent conspiracies and uprisings against the colonial regimes, constituting the most definitive expression of the relative autonomy of the indigenous world with respect to colonial society. The indirect This resistance assumed new form and control exercised by .----:::-:::-=-::--::---...,~---::-~""0:""~::-:-:=:-::;, content as the nation the crown over states went about deindigenous societies fining themselves in permitted, to a the politicat admincertain extent, the istrative, and judicial preservation of the spheres, along with indigenous world. establishing iron-dad Our historical consystems of tribute sciousness, linguistic and imposing and territorial idensubmission to the tity, as well as certain eclessiastical strucaspects of the traditure. Given the tional productive situation, uprisings process, rituals and focused on changing religion, are among the harsh forms of the areas remaining intact. exploitation on a local basis, while contributing to a strengthening of an autonomous spirit From this point of view, the overthrow among our peoples. of the Spanish colonial regime can be primarily attributed to the anti-colonial uprisings of the On the other hand, the efforts to indigenous peoples. These uprisings began establish an official, dominant culture on the towards the end of the seventeenth century, part of the Creole elites were thwarted by the taking hold in the most important productive, continual renewal of, and adherence to our administrative and commercial centers of the historical consciousness, and the living eleSpanish Empire. Thus, the Creoles' efforts toments of our cultural identity. For this reason, wards independence constituted little more resistance was also focused on continual apprethan the epilogue in a process stemming from ciation of our peoples and their cultures over the anti-colonial mentality of the indigenous the threats of the modernization of our tradipeople ... tional agrarian society. ~ l\ �During this process, the struggle for land became one of the most important issues in our understanding of identity and autonomy. The land holds a fundamental place in our daily life, in our sacred vision of the world and the heavens. Thus, the peoples who have inherited the traditions of the high, agrarian, Indoamerican civilizations of North, Central and South America, along with the various people with whom they coexist, and who coexist with them, are comitted to protecting and glorifying our long trajectory of resistance to regimes characterized by economic exploitation and political domination ... l \\ Due to the fact that Ecuadorian, and Latin American society in general, have promoted modernization and development processes, their colonial heritage has not been overcome. Indians, Blacks and Mestizos are still subjected to exploitation and oppression. Economic and social differences, as well as racial discrimination, continue to be the norm in some countries. In many cases these practices have reached ethnocidal and genocidal proportions. The concept of 'Indian,' originating during colonial times, characterizes the Indian as different and inferior to the white European. This concept has endured to date. The indigenist practices advocate for the 'redemption of the Indian' via his integration into the national society. This policy has failed to solve the fundamental problems confronting our peoples. Despite certain predictions to the effect that industrial society would necessarily lead to the extinction of the Indians, the indigenous peoples have risen again. We have become stronger in our struggle to recover what is legitimately ours and formulate an alternative political project aimed at building a new society. In this manner, indigenous nationalities have comprised the most important nucleus of the future society, as well as of a Plurinational State. The political proposal for a Plurinational State does not seek to build 'separate states' as insinuated by some sectors of society in the hopes of engendering fear within the population. To the contrary, the idea is to reflect the reality of the country in terms of cultural and national diversity, recognizing these differences and establishing social, political and economic equality ... From this perspective, we have moved forward in our organizational and political activities to such an extent that at present we �are one of the most representative organized social forces. Along these lines, we have not only had a bearing on the restructuring of the national scene, but have also infuenced the formulation of political parties' programs, and national governments. On the other hand, efforts by indigenous peoples, along with the political projections of their organizations, have been fundamental factors in defining the diverse historical and cultural identities of the peoples comprising American society. Along the same lines, the establishment of a Plurinational State presupposes the recovery of our true historic and cultural roots, and of our identities as peoples with a history and a future. 1992 marks 500 years of the Spanish invasion. On this occasion, the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAlE), representating the indigenous peoples, exercises its right to reflect and protest the official celebrations of national governments. We call on the various social sectors of our country to unite in one front and generate a mass movement in Ecuador and throughout the continent. The basic objective of this mobilization is to recover the dignity of our peoples and reject all forms of submission, colonial practices and neo-colonialism. The actions we have planned are part of a broad opposition movement, reaching both continental and international proportions. This movement was created in response to the 500 years since the 'discovery' of America celebrations, or so-called 'Meeting of Two Worlds.' This is the context from which CONAlE has organized a program of activities for the next four years." Letter of Solidarity from Nicaraguan Indian Leaders about the So-called "Discovery of America" The following is a letter SAIIC received from Kisan Par laPaz insummer, 1990. "Dear Compafieros and Compafieras, We want to express our solidarity with all Amerindian Peoples. This is a very special occassion to raise our Peoples' consciousness �about the SOOth anniversary of the invasion. Invasion is the only word that applies. The Atlantic coast of Nicaragua was exploited by the British, while the Spanish conquest took place on the Pacific coast. Of course we owe our People's exploitation by the British to the Spanish Crown. Today in many Indo-Afro-Latin-American countries, the heritage of Neo-Colonialism continues: governments continue denying or refusing to recognize our cultures. For this reason we stand in solidarity with all those who are against the misnamed 'Encounter of Two Worlds.' We are working on a Continental Conference to be held before 1992. For us, as People of the Caribbean, the mere word 'Indian' can be summed up as an ideological, political concept and a slogan of our struggle. We condemn attempts to limit Indian mobility within their territories, the destruction of our cultures, and the fact that our fate is determined in World Congresses. We especially condemn the horrible 12th of October, 1492. We propose to celebrate October 11 as the last day of freedom for the American Indian. October 12 could be called 'The American Tragedy.' We are assuming the responsibility of raising conscioussness among all Indian Peoples about the Counter-Celebration of the 500 year anniversary. We'll do outreach through radio programs, community visits, school conferences, etc. The 500 year anniversary brings us degradation, ethnocide and genocide. All one needs is to be a clear-minded Indian to see who divided us, who tore us to pieces and who submitted us to what is in their elite minds 'Third World' status." In Solidarity, Kisan por la Paz LPDC Responds to Call to Action The following is from a letter SAIIC received from Yvonne Bushyhead of the International Office of the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee (LPDC). "My concern is that for the past 500 years, Native people have battled a political ideology as a result of cultural genocide. Many Native people have suffered at the hands of the dominant society. Many more are imprisoned, as a result of being falsely accused and convicted, when in reality, their only defense is their concern for rights of their people and lands. As Native Americans, and more importantly, as human beings, we each have a responsibility to fight for justice for those victimized by a prejudicial system. There are none more victimized than those imprisoned for their political and cultural beliefs. Specifically, we are challenging you to address this issue of indigenous political prisoners in the [First Continental Meeting] in [June], 1990. Most specifically, we urge that an hour of time at this meeting be reserved to discuss the plight of America's political prisoner, Leonard Peltier. Further, we request that you research and find other indigenous �political prisoners and set aside additional time for this most important issue. shoot-out ensued. As a result, the two agents and Joe Stuntz Killsright, a Native American, were found dead. Although four were originally charged with the crime, charges against one man were dismissed, and two were tried and acquitted. At this time, the government decided to focus all "prosecutorial weight" on Leonard Peltier. Leonard Peltier was illegally extradited from Canada to stand trial in the U.S., on the basis of fabricated affidavits from a coerced witness. Leonard Peltier received an unfair trial, laced with government manufactured evidence, illegal suppression, coerced witnesses and prejudicial jury and judges. His post trial efforts were all denied. I am the Indian Voice I long to be heard across the land I have been a prisoner of war for more than 200 years on my very own soil ... I am the Indian Voice I shall be heard And my people shall see The coming of a new day -Leonard Peltier Leonard Peltier, a 45 year old Chippewa-Sioux man is a political prisoner, currently in Leavenworth Federal Prison in Kansas. In June, 1975, on the Pine Ridge Reservation near Wounded Knee, South Dakota, two F.B.I. agents illegally entered private land without jurisdiction or warrant. A Most recently, the Canadian Supreme Court dismissed Peltier's application for leave to appeal the illegal extradition, apparently on the basis of a lack of jurisdiction. However, during the hearing, the U.S. Government failed to deny fraud on their part. This is an implicit admission of fraud. As a result of this admission, efforts are now underway for a joint meeting between the Canadian Parliament Members and U.S. Congresspersons, to discuss the violation of the international treaty. In light of this most important cause, we urge you to place the case of Leonard Peltier as political prisoner, as a priority issue at this conference. We look forward to your immediate response and action." In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, Yvonne Bushyhead LPDC International Coordinator �MESO AMERICA Caribbean Organization of Indigenous Peoples Publishes their First Newsletter The SAIIC Board of Directors wishes to extend congratulations to COIP- the Caribbean Organization of Indigenous Peoples, on the publication of their first newsletter- "IndigiNotes." Under the coordination of Joseph Palacio, "Indigi-Notes" was published last June. fot;ter extensive exchanges among themselves and other Indigenous peoples and to 5) correct inequalities traditionally meted against them and other deprived minorities. Their numerous achivements so far include initiating ongoing contacts with the Working Group of Indigenous Peoples of the United Nations and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples. They had their First Regional Conference in Belize this past November 13th to 20th where they deliberated on fundamental issues related to COIP's own nature, its' interrelationship with other organizations of Indigenous peoples, and its own direction in the 1990s. COIP has been carrying on a very strong dialogue with the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College in Canada. The strength of COIP arises from the fact that it was formed by people who were not representing their national governments, rather they are leaders of their own people and are intimately involved with the conditions of Indigenous peoples in their home countries. Caribbean Indigenous Revival Toward Greater Recognition and Development COIP is an umbrella organization of grassroots national associations representing Indigenous peoples in four English-speaking countries of the Caribbean- Dominica (Carib), St. Vincent (Carib), Guyana (Arawak, Warrou, Carib, Wai Wai Wapishana), and Belize (Maya Mopan, Maya Kekchi, Garifuna). COIP was founded at a conference of Indigenous peoples held in St. Vincent in August, 1987. Its aims are to 1) promote the retrieval of Indigenous culture, 2) advocate basic human and civil rights, 3) reinforce a positive self image, 4) We, at SAIIC wish COIP the very best in being a voice for All our English-speaking Relations in the Caribbean. COIP can be contacted through: Dr. Joseph 0. Palacio Coordinator, COIP POBox229 Belize City Belize, Central America Fax:Oll-78453 �Triqui Indian People Confront the Government Members of the Triqui Movement of Unification and Struggle (MULT) signed a pact with the Governor of the state of Oaxaca proposing solutions to problems including the revival of traditional indigenous forms of government. The Secretary General of the Governor's office said, "We will continue the dialogue to form a municipal, consensual government." It is hoped that this pact will open the way for peace in the region. been seeking suppport for our cultural center since its birth. We're working on municipal archives. We are gathering testimony in Triqui from the elders on cassettes. This is because we have an oral history and so papers have never been important to us. Our dream is to use the technology that the West uses to impose its culture on us to promote some of our culture in the mainstream. We borrow video equipment from the Oaxaca Television Station and record fiestas and important community activities. One way to get our young people to listen to our music is to play it on good tape players. The signing of the pact took place after 400 members of MUL T marched with a group of revolutionary peasants for five days from their villages to the capitol of Oaxaca where they were met by the Secretary General. Talks were initiated and on April lOth, 250 delegates from different parts of the state came together and formed the Coordinating Body of Peasant Organizations of Oaxaca (COCO). Triqui Indian People Using Technology to Protect Their Culture The following is an excerpt from an interview in Spanish with two Triqui Indian people, Marcos Sandoval Cruz and Fausto Sandoval from Oaxaca, on their visit to the San Francisco Bay Area last June. TriquiMask "In September, 1986, we established a cultural center in our community and we need international help to keep it going. We have There are about 25,000 Triqui Indians in the Mixteca Alta area of Oaxaca. We are surrounded by Mixtecs. The schooling our children receive teaches them to cease being �Indians and many of them are straying from our culture. On the other hand, it is important for us to know Spanish and how to handle elements within the mainstream culture. So there are contradictions. This is why we are recording the testimony of our elders. It wasn't as necessary before, but now we are being culturally invaded from the outside. about what is behind our textiles. Each piece has a whole history behind it. Each design is an interpretation of the environment around us: the flowers, the sky, the fields, and the people. This artistic creativity could be called scientific because there's so much knowledge that goes into weaving, spinning, etc ... Little by little, Indian things are being replaced by white people's things. We must adapt our textiles to make more saleable items like pillows, tablecloths, etc ... In our economy, weaving adds a supplementary income. It takes a long time to create this work and people don't appreciate that. They have the idea that Indianmade things can be bought for nothing. In Mexico the national government is trying to get rid of our culture, to homogenize us into the mainstream. They see us as poor, ignorant and illiterate. To justify what they're doing they say they're helping us. But what they really want is for us to stop being IndiOur religion ans. For example, is a mixture. On the they send us doctors outside we appear who try to make us to be Catholics. We enemies of nature. have processions. They say dirt is filthy But on the inside, and that we mustn't everything is let our kids play in it. Triquis, Marcos and Fausto Sandoval Cruz on their visit with SAJIC Indian; our religion But for us, the land is is still in our hands. We have arguments with our Mother- it's hard for us to accept that dirt the priests who come around and try to t~ll us is filthy. They bring us medicines that somehow to do things, that we must not do this or times cause other diseases. They'd like us to that because that's what the Bible says. There stop being what they see as simple, dirty are liberation theology missionaries who come people who get easily curable diseases like to us with a revolutionary language and talk parasites and become more 'modern' and about change. But all they are really after, 'civilized' and get AIDS, cancer and other nonwhen you get down to it, is imposing their curable diseases. religion on us. If they really respected us as an Indigenous community, they would not do The support we get from people in the this. We'd like to ask them not to come to our US is mainly fromsales of our textiles that the communities. Triqui women make, and to find ways to rescue traditional techniques that are falling When an Indian is born in these times, out of use. All our women we~ve. We are now she or he gets two kinds of messages: one from talking so that people will understand a little I �the community and one from the school. School teaches us to cease being Indian. But we Triquis are doing something about it. We are getting stronger." Military Violence Continues massacre by claiming confusion. The army maintains complete control over the PACS and there have been reported cases of the army forcing patrollers to use violence against their own neighbors or be killed. Several unrelated sources in the Ixil-Maya area reported incidents in which the army ordered patrollers to burn houses, crops, and kill refugees. A refugee from Rubinal told how the army killed a man for refusing to rape his neighbor. Civil Patrol commanders are proxies for the army and have wide-ranging powers. Some of them take over land, animals and goods of those who flee the violence as refugees. They've also been known to rape women with impunity. The military rarely takes action against these abusive commanders. Nine members of the Civil Defense Patrol (PACS) were killed by the Guatemalan Army in the town of San Cristobal, Alta Vera Paz. The army admits that it "confused them with guerrillas." Civil patrols have been set up by the military in many Guatemalan villages. All adult men and many young boys from rural villages are forced to give one to three days a week of unpaid patrol duty, supposedly to guard the village against rebel forces. In actuality, the PACS are used to keep tight control over rural populations, monitoring the activities and allowing the army to concentrate on other military activities. The Council of Indigenous Communities (CERJ) was founded in July, 1988 to protect the rights of Guatemala's Indigenous ~~-_.,.,_ peoples. CERJ has been actively denouncing the military's use of civil patrols and subsequently, many members of CERJ have been the victims of "disappearances." •••••••••pv The fact that the army accepts responsibility for the killings as "a mistake" leads one to believe that they may now justify any Peasants from Cuilco, Huehuetenango and the Dean of the College of Agronomy have �asked President Cerezo to suspend aerial spraying of the herbicide 'glyphosphate,' saying it pollutes the water and destroys their bees, corn, beans and tomatoes. The herbicide is supposedly being sprayed to destroy marijuana and opium poppies, but the College of Agronomy reports that it is not a selective herbicide as the authorities are claiming it to be. It is affecting all the vegetation in the region, including the flowers, which is in turn killing the bees. The Los Angeles Times (10/15/89) reports that the U.S. government in its War on Drugs, is spraying the herbicide over the Cuilco Valley with the permission of the Guatemalan government. Though it has little effect on poppies, the spray has devastated the area's more traditional agricultural base, particularly beekeeping and tomatoes. One farmer said that the price he was getting for his tomatoes dropped from 18 Quetzales a bushel to about two Quetzales, which is less than the cost of growing them. Farmers have taken their The Tzutujil-Maya of Santiago Atitlan are under the constant harassmentof the Guatemalan Army. Photo by Pamela Israel �complaints directly to the capitol, but the response has been evasive at best. The offices of both the Mutual Support Group for the Relatives of the Disappeared (GAM) and Peace Brigades International (PBI) were partially destroyed by explosives. This took place on August 15th, the day after Maria Rumualda Carney, a GAM member was kidnapped. She is the fifth sibling of the Carney family to be kidnapped. The rest of her family has had to flee the country. The bombing partially destroyed both offices, but fortunately, nobody was injured. Although the national daily paper, Prensa Libre claims the assailants are "unknown," GAM president Nineth Montenegro de Garcia reported that the responsible party is "a well known enemy of GAM." The GAM was formed to assist those who have had family members "disappear," which means they have been kidnapped and taken away by military or para-military death squads and usually are never heard from again. Peace Brigades International is a group of pacifists which sends members to areas of the world where there is major conflict and human rights abuses, in order to monitor the situation and to provide international witnesses and escorts to activists whose lives are in danger. The people of Santiago Atitlan, a Tzutujil-Maya community, have been subject to much army persecution in recent years. Since September, 1989, the community has been under constant harrassment from the army. On September 4th, the brothers Jose, Salvador and Antonio Ixkalam Cali and Salvador Caj Tzihuina were captured and tortured along with seven others whose names are not known. On September 12, Andres Quic Ajuchan and Baltazar Quic Lacam were taken away at an army roadblock on the way from Santiago Atitlan to the capitol. Nothing is known about their whereabouts. On October 6th, Jose Ajtujcal and Cruz Ixbalam Ramirez, both from Santiago Atitlan, disappeared from the hills around Chicacao, Suchitepequez where they had been gathering wild food ("pacayas") to sell in the market. Groups of soldiers had been seen in the area around that time, and are believed to be responsible for the abductions. What You Can Do... Please take the time today to write the Gua temalan Embassy in Washington to protest the terrible violence being committed against Indian people in Guatemala. Also write letters to the Commissioner of the United Nations General Assembly and ask for an investigation into the spraying of Cuilco and urge a halt to the killings, threats and disappearances. Ambassador Rodolfo Flohromoser Embassy of Guatemala 2220 FISt NW Washington DC 20008 Phone: (202)745-4952 Ms Elisabeth Stamatopoulou Center for Human Rights UN, Room 5-2914 New York, NY 10017 I �Photo by Tofia Luisa I Salvador. Massacre of ANIS Members On November 19th, SAIIC received a phone call from a member of ANIS. He reported to us the following information which we promptly sent out as one of our Urgent Action Bulletins. If you did not :eceive on~ and would like to receive our Urgent Actwn Bulletms, please notify us. On November 17th, between 2:00 and 3:00am, Army soldiers and National Guardsmen searched the homes of members of La Independencia Cooperative in Teotepequec, Department of La Libertad. After accusing the members of being communists and supporting the guerillas, they began to shoot, killing ten Indian people, among them three or four children. They were all members of ANIS, the National Association of Indian People of El Due to complete military control in the area, no journalists are being allowed to enter the area. Two members of the cooperative went immediately to ANIS headquarters in Sonsonate to report the killings. . The chief of ANIS, Adrian Esquino, is bemg threatened and reported as a "subversive" along with all members of UNTS the National Workers Union, on Radio Ku~catlan which is under military control. ' Jesus Mondragon and Valentine Perez Cortez, also members of ANIS just arrived bac~ home in El Salvador from attending an Indtan Conference on the Rainforest, in Panama. Soldiers from the Santo Domingo de Guzman Battalion in the Sonsonate Department arrived at their homes upon their return. They are still alive because they immediately �went into hiding. They are being accused of being "communist subversives with international connections." We are greatly concerned about the lives of Indian People in El Salvador today. They are in a position where their very lives are dependent on the whims of the military, a military which receives it's funding from U.S. tax dollars. Please take the time today and write letters, send Faxes or Telexes denouncing the murders of ANIS members and all Indian People in El Salvador, and requesting protection for ANIS members, Adrian Esquino, Jesus Mondragon, and Valentine Perez Cortez. Send these letters to: U.S. Ambassador William Walker U.S. Embassy San Salvador, El Salvador Fax: 011-503 25 99 84 Telex: 20648 Phone: 267100 Secretary of State, James Baker State Department 1776 Pennsylvania Ave Washington, DC 20000 Phone: (202) 647-4000 Tawahka, Pesch and Miskito Villages Obtain "Provisional Guarantees" for their Property Rights In January, 1988, a group of 14 heavilyarmed mestizo men arrived at the edge of the very isolated village of Krautara, a community of about 40 Tawahka Indians (Honduran Sumo). When approached by leaders of Krautara about why they were demarcating Tawahka lands, they responded that they had just bought all the lands upriver from Krautara. These lands had been cultivated and lived on by the Tawahka for centuries. The people of Krautara and nearby Krausirpe, through FITH (the Federation of Tawahka Indians of Honduras), responded immediately by taking up a collection, with every hou~e­ hold contributing to send a small delegation to solicit legal help from development organizations and lawyers in the populated Honduran interior. The Tawahka, Miskito and Pesch Indians live in the Northeast of Honduras, an area known as the Mosquitia. In total, more than 40,000 Indian people live there, with the Miskitos forming the vast majority. Their subsistence economy has allowed them to live in relative harmony with the fragile environment there, which has resulted in the conservation of some of the largest tracts of tropical rainforest in Central America. Many species of animals and plants which are extinct in other parts of Central America still exist in the Honduran Mosquitia. But in the last 15 to 20 years, some 35,000 mestizos have invaded the �Mosquitia, refugees from the severely desertified Southern and Central regions of Honduras. They are colonizing the Upper Patuca River, where the Tawahka live, and the Platano River where Pesch and Miskito live. The Indigenous people of the Mosquitia, even though they have occupied their lands for centuries before Honduras was even considered a Republic, are denied legal title to their lands. FITH, FETRIPH (the Federation of Pesch Indians of Honduras) and MASTA (Miskito Indian Association of Honduras), along with Mopawi, a local development organization with the principle objective of the continued materiat cultural and spiritual wellbeing of the Indigenous inhabitants of the Mosquitia, have organized several trips along the lengths of the Plat:Omo and Patuca Rivers. The purpose of these trips is for the local Indian leaders to see the magnitude of the problems which accompany the mestizo invasions. Representatives from many Indian communities have been investigating and documenting the social and ecological changes along their rivers. They have also been organizing an ongoing dialogue with the Jicaques from an interior province who have gone through the long and painful process of losing portions of their lands. Following the land-grab of 10,000 hectares of Tawahka lands last January, representatives from each Indian organization, with the assistance of Mopawi, visited the central offices of the INA (the National Agrarian Insti- I �tute in charge of land claims) in Tegucigalpa last March. This began a series of meetings which took place in the Mosquitia between Indigenous leaders, local authorities, development groups and the INA. The results of these meetings has been that the inhabitants of Krautara/ Krausirpe (Tawahka), Pimienta (Miskito), Las Marias (Pesch) obtained "provisional guarantees" for the titling of their lands in November. The armed men who were claiming the land near Krautara were denied land titles. This is the first time in the history of the Honduran Mosquitia that the Indian people have obtained some level of security for their land through the government. Nevertheless, the guarantees are only provisional and the struggle will continue until all the Indian people of the Honduran Mosquitia have obtained permanent guarantees of their property rights. In November, representatives of the Indian organizations travelled to Panama for a conference with the Kuna about Indigenous management of tropical rainforests. They are very happy with the opportunity to exchange information with other Indian organizations. FITH, FETRIPH and MASTA can be contacted through: Mopawi Apdo.2175 Tegucigalpa, D.C. Honduras, Central America SAIIC Board Member Attends Congress on Fate and Hope of the Earth My name is Carlos Maibeth. I am a Miskito Indian from Nicaragua. Recently, I participated in the Fourth Biennial Congress on the Fate and Hope of the Earth as a member of the SAIIC Board of Directors. The Congress took place in Managua, Nicaragua last June. During this Congress, the desire for unity between Indigenous peoples and environmentalists was expressed. The struggle for Indigenous rights and the struggle for a healthier environment are the same struggle throughout the world. One of the workshops at the Congress was specifically on Indigenous issues. There were five other Indian people on the panel. They included 1) Moringe Parkipuny, Masai and a member of the Tanzanian Parliament. He is working on a Policy Action Plan fo~ Land and Resource Use in and Implications to National Parks and Socio-Economic Systems in East Africa, 2) Sarah James of the Gwi'chin Athabascan People in Alaska, a member of the Arctic Village Traditional Council, 3) Tony Gonzalez, Seri-chicano and coordinator of the International Indian Treaty Council, 4) Hazel Law, Miskito Indian and Deputy to the Miskito �Tribe in the Nicaraguan National Assembly, and 5) Elacio Holmes, Miskito and representative of Kisan por la Paz. Some of the conclusions we carne to at the conference are: The Congress participants are profoundly concerned about the future of life on our planet. The expanding crises in the environment, human rights, underdevelopment and militarism are symptoms of a deeper set of problems. Instead of attacking the symptoms, we must go to the root of these problems. The Congress recognizes that it is a fundamental human right for all the world's people to live and develop in a healthy environment. The Congress denounces, as irresponsible, policies inspired by economic and consumption-oriented criteria. These shortsighted policies benefit a few to the disadvantage of the great majority of the world's peoples. It is becoming ever clearer that social and environmental degradation are intimately intertwined between the South and the North. Environmental problems are displaced from North to South, and then return full circle to their countries of origin. Furthermore, we are destroying far more than what we are allowing to regenerate. The biosphere (the collective habitat of all living species that allows life on our planet) is seriously threatened for the first time in human history. It is out of a sense of justice and solidarity that people from throughout the world are joining together to rebel against these conditions ... The Congress reaffirms the sovereign and inalienable right of each people to choose, without interference, the model of politicat economic, and social organization that is most suited to its own interests, best identified with its own history, culture and tradition, taking into account that it is our common responsibility to safeguard the biosphere. The Congress particularly condemns any attempt to transfer the current models of industrialization to developing countries; these models lead to excessive consumption, waste and environmental destruction. Industrialized countries. achieved their levels of development at the expense of the planet's natural resources, whose deterioration is accelerating, and the biosphere, whose contamination is growing. All the people of the Earth are paying the price for the industrialized North's standard of living. The Congress recognizes as a fundamental right of indigenous peoples the safeguarding of their institutions, property, organization, work, territory and above alt their natural environment. The survival of these cultures directly contributes to the sustained development of not only the countries in which they live, but also of the whole world. �Tohono O'odham Seek Sovereignty "We are one people. The line between the U.S. and Mexico is not our line. The fences around our grazing lands are not our fences. Together we can take back what is rightfully ours so that our children and their children will know the ways of the O'odham." -Mike Flores, Director of the Hia Ched 0' odham Program SAIIC Board Member Gina Pacaldo attended the Border Tribes Summit from October 15-21, 1989 held at San Xavier, Arizona. Gina spoke to the 0' odhamPapagoNations about participating in the 500 Years of Indian Resistance Campaign in 1992. The proposal for their participation was translated into Spanish and 0' odham and unanimously passed by the participants of the Summit. The Northern Sonoran 0' odham are challenging the legitimacy of the Gadsen Purchase, with which the U.S., in the last century, bought land from Mexico which now makes up Southern Arizona and a part of Southern New Mexico. Prior to this purchase, the 0' odham Nation comprised nearly 60,000 square miles. They have lost 93% of their land since then. The Border Tribes Summit was organized by the Defenders of 0' odham Land Rights, Inc., a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization. The Tohono 0' odham from the U.S. and Mexico participated and the Hia Ched 0' odham from San Xavier District hosted the conference. The 0' odham want to negotiate with the U.S. and Mexico as a · separate and autonomous government, representing their own interests rather than having to present land claims to the domestic courts of each country. The 0' odhams' ability to travel to sacred sites, teach their children the traditional nomadic ways, and maintain their language has been severely hampered by immigration law and domestic policies of the U.S. and Mexico. Current problems and concerns over the border areas, legal questions, human rights violations, and abuses of civil and constitutional rights were addressed at the Summit. The Summit was considered politically �and legally very successful. A diverse group of individuals and organizations were brought together. Representatives of the ~ation~l Indian Youth Council, the Amencan Fnends Service Committee/Native Peoples Task Force, La Mesilla Organizing Project, the University of Arizona College of Law, the University of Hermosillo (Sonora, Mexico), the State Bar of Sonora, and others were present. Individual participants included Thomas Banyaca (Hopi Nation), Susan Harjo (the Executive Director of the National Indian Congress and the Morning Star Foundation), Dennis Banks of the American Indian Movement and Vine Deloria. People came from across the continent to give support to the 0' odham Nation in their battle to attain sovereignty. Despite the controversial political diversity of the Summit participants, there was a strong thread of unity and spirituality that brought the people together in a beautiful way. Susan Harjo (Cheyenne/Cree) spoke of the need to assert and to reclaim our Indian National Borders. She commented that the organization of this conference was evidence of Native peoples' tenacity and the ability to survive the great invasion that began when Columbus came to these shores. She declared, "This case will have tremendous impact on American Indians who have been divided by borders with Canada and Mexico. Most Indian Nations will rally to support the O'odham and that support will be unconditional. These people are fighting for basic human right~, . religious rights, ecological rights and terntonal rights." Traditional Circle of Indian Elders and Youth Share Native Philosophy The following is a statement from Haida Chief Skidegate (Lewis Collinson), made in March, 1966: "People are like trees, and groups of people are like forests. While the forests are composed of many different kinds of trees, these trees intertwine their roots so strongly that it is impossible for the strongest winds which blow on our Islands to uproot the forest, for each tree strengthens its neighbor, and their roots are inextricably entwined. In the same way the people of our Islands, composed of members of nations and races from all over the world, are beginning to intertwine their roots so strongly that no troubles will affect them. Just as one tree standing alone would soon be destroyed by the first strong wind which came along, so is it impossible for any person, any family or any community to stand alone against the troubles of this world." The Traditional Circle of Elders and Youth met last June in Haida Gwaii on the Queen Charlotte Islands, off the West Coast of Canada and issued the following statement in regards to indigenous land rights. "Indigenous people around the world have a birthright and a responsiblility to their ancestral lands. They have an identity that is based upon the land. They have a sovereign right to protect the natural world from exploitation. If the nations remain truthful to their traditional philosophy and values towards the �land, their future is secure. People need to rediscover that Natural Law which in turn will allow them access to the land without destroying it. Our cultures are based upon two important premises that involve land. First, we believe that the Earth is our Spiritual Mother, created to support us provided we live by the Original Instructions of our Creator. Second, our diverse cultures get their individual identities from the land. This creates an essential relationship to our ancestral lands that must be preserved. Our cultural and spiritual identity is dependent upon a land base. The land provides us with sustenance, shelter, inspiration and a responsibility to respect all elements of that land. The land is a sacred trust held in common for the benefit of the future of our nations. Land is not an economic resource to be sold. We can no longer continue to base our economic future on the extraction and exportation of its natural resources. Access to resources is subject to the Natual Law. If we destroy the land we will have no sustenance, no home and no future for the next generations. If we destroy the resources, we have broken our sacred trust. Our nations need to set parameters for land usage with spiritual laws guiding our decisions. We need a common sense approach to help the people benefit from the resources of the land, while assuring the long-term health of those resources. The people, the clans and the Nations are entrusted with sovereignty over the land. It is a collective right that has spiritual consequences. Abuse of this responsibility will lead to the destruction of our nations, our cultures and all of our resources. We have been led astray by the profit motives of the industrial age. We must remember why we were given the land in the first place. Each tribal culture has a land use ethic which must be restored. The land has been inherited from a long line of ancestors. They have passed on the trust to us. We hold the land, not for financial gain but for the sake of future generations, so that they will have a home, a land base, a secure future. We have to instill in them a deep respect for all of the gifts of Creation ... In closing, the Traditional Circle of Indian Elders and Youth hopes that all people will make an effort to incorporate traditional values into their lives. We believe that there is an urgent need to change the destructive ways that are harmful to the peaceful and natural way of life. With this Communique the Traditional Circle of Indian Elders and Youth reaches out to the world for support and cooperation in restoring the balance and harmony of all life, and in protecting Mother Earth. 'Daalang gii giinahl sudaas naa gi dang gyust'aa sqawdaagii uu daalang gahl kil'laa gaa. Howa. Gaa gang at t'aa ts'ii.' (Thank you for listening to the words that have been spoken. Howa. Step carefully as you go)." This is a Mapuche symbol which signifies the four directions and the continual movement of all life on our planet. �ABOUT SAIIC's goals are to promote peace and social justice for Indian People: 1) by providing information to the general public in the U.S., and to human rights and solidarity organizations regarding the struggles for survival and self-determination of Indian peoples of South and Meso America; 2) by facilitating exchange and promoting direct communication and understanding between Indian people. SAIIC's projects and programs include: 1) publication of the Newsletter (now available in Spanish and English) and other special publications; 2) Indian visitors program; 3) human rights advocacy; 4) radio program; 5) Amazonian Indian support project; 6) 500 Years campaign; 7) public presentations, 8) Central American Indian support project. SAIIC welcomes all contributions! The SAIIC radio program "South and The newsletter, Radio program, and other Meso American Indian Update" is aired the projects are financed by donations from our third Friday of each month at 8:00pm on supporters. Your generosity is appreciated. All KPFA-FM, 94.1 in Northern California. donations are tax deductible to the extent Do have time or skms you allowed by law. To receive the SAIIC newsletter for one would like year (we try hard to make it a quarterly publication), please send a donation of US $10 for addresses in the United States, Mexico, or Canada or US $12 for addresses elsewhere. contribute to SAIIC? We are always looking for volunteers willing to assist with newsletter and radio show producticm, office work, fundralsing, artwork, and with our visitors program. AMAZONIA RESOURCE AND ACTION GUIDE SAIIC has co-authored a special publication designed to give added force to grassroots groups in the Amazon fighting in defense of the rainforest and basic human rights for the Indigenous people there. The Resource Guide, published in conjunction with the Rainforest Action Network, Amazonia Film Project, and International Rivers Network includes information about grassroots organizing, issues confronting the people of the forest, a directory of hundreds of support groups worldwide, and lists of important books and films on the Amazon. The Guide will be available in early March. Write to SAIIC for information on how to obtain a copy. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Coordination: Nilo Cayuqueo Editing, design, layout: Peter G. Veilleux SAIIC extends thanks to the following people for their generous support for this newsletter: Vanguard Foundation, Peace Development Fund, Onaway Trust, AFSC, Church of Christ for the Homeland Ministries, Methodist Church- Latin American Division, David Balsam, Kay Cole, Elizabeth Draper, Helen Gildred, and Maya Miller. SAIIC Members are: Nilo Cayuqueo, Xihuanel Huerta, Gina Pacaldo, Carlos Maibeth, Wara Alderete, Isidro Gali, Daniel Hernandez, Guillermo Padilla, Glenn Switkes, Lucilene Whitesell, Monti Aguirre, Peter Veilleux, Maria Souza, Ellen Speicer, Nickie Irvine, Rodrigo Betancur, James Muneta, Julio Leon, Alfredo Saynes. Special thanks to the following people who have been a great help with this newsletter: Tim Allen, Ian McWilliam, Francine Pereny, Steve Sasoyev, Simon Kenrick, Rolando Ramirez, Judy Wells, David Laue!, Wes Huss, Karen Crump Angela Gennino and Lynnda Gray. I �l0lw6 V:> 'Aala:>JJag OS'Sl xog ·o·d :>nvs SAIIC CAN BE REACHED ev: Telex #154205417 (attn: SAIIC) Fax# (415) 834-4264 Electronic mail: via Peacenet (cdp: SAIIC) Telephone: (415) 834-4263 Luis Macas, a Quichua Indian from Sarayacu, Loza Province in the Highlands of Ecuador will be participating in the SAIIC Visitors Program in January and February. Luis Macas is the Vice President of CONAIE and one of the coordinators of the "500 Years of Indian Resistance" conference being held in Ecuador at the end of June, 1990. He will be in North America from January 28th to February 20th on a fundraising and speaking tour. I£ you are interested in supporting the conference or organizing an event in your area, please contact SAilC. Photo: Nilo Cayuqueo and Luis Macas at planning Conference in Ecuador � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) "Forging Alliances" Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) "Forging Alliances" 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Volume 5 No. 2 & 3 (English).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 1-38 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/a601e82604f9379f338b3dcee43a9363 1800e44758987bfae9dfacc896e822f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (1).pdf PDF Text Text I I Mailing Address: P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA Office: 523 E. 14th St., Oakland, CA (415) 834-4263 Vol. 5, Nos. 2 & 3 Fall, 1989 & Winter, 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cover Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Cover 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (1).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 1 Abstract Note Cover alliances Fall 1989 Forging Alliances Winter 1990 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/03f89e631862c0abb99062c871aafe46 0cec33170c5e4dab0e18d0c9b417c7d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (2-3).pdf PDF Text Text Amazon Indian Delegation Forges New U.S. Alliances Representatives of Native organizations of the Amazon basin have told environmentalists and funders of development projects that they insist upon playing a greater role in shaping policies for the future of the Amazon. In a series of historic meetings in Washington D.C. and San Franciscio in October, delegates of the Coordinating Body for the Indigenous Peoples' Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA), which is made up of indigen0'1S organizations of five Amazon nations, ~d a new agenda for "a permanent 2 dialogue" with these groups without intermediaries. Evaristo Nugkuag (Aguaruna, Peru), President of COICA told environmentalists from 18 major conservatim, organizations in Washington, "The Amazon thal is burning right now is our life ... the time has come for the indigenous peoples of the .M.mazon - the people who have always lived there ... to defend our lives." A principal concern of the Indian delegation was that environmentalists "have left us, the Indigenous peoples, out of your vision of the Amazonian biosphere." As a result, they say, environmental groups have promoted as alternatives to the destruction of Amazonia, programs such as debt-for-nature �I I i "there can be no development projects in indigenous areas without the informed consent of the Indigenous Peoples affected," and were promised regular meetings with field representatives of the international agencies. swaps and the creation of national parks, which have been used by the governments of the Amazon countries to undermine Native land claims. The COICA delegation which, besides Nugkuag consisted of Luis Angel Chaurra (Chami, Colombia), Wilfrido Aragon (Quichua, Ecuador), and Santos Adan Atsua (Aguaruna, Peru) urged environmentalists to develop a closer working relationship with indigenous organizations, and proposed "debt for indigenous stewardship" swaps as a means of returning areas of the Amazonian rainforest to the care and control of Native people. They invited the environmentalists to continue their discussion of common goals at a meeting to be convened by COICA in Iquitos, Peru in May, 1990. The COICA delegation also met with officials of the World Bank, the Interamerican Development Bank, and USAID, three development banks responsible for funding projects which have had a serious impact on indigenous communities. They told the funders COICA told the banks "We have used and cared for the resources [of the Amazon] with a great deal of respect, because it is our home, and because we know that our survival and that of our future generations depends on it. Our accumulated knowledge about the ecology of our home, our models for living with the peculiarities of the Amazon biosphere, our reverence and respect for the tropical forest and its other inhabitants, both plant and animal, are the keys to guaranteeing the future of the Amazon Basin, not only for our peoples, but also for all of humanity." COICA, which was formed in response to an attempt by the governments of the Amazon Basin to control policies affecting indigenous peoples through the Amazon Cooperation Treaty, includes the participation of AIDESEP (Peru), CIDOB (Bolivia), CONFENIAE (Ecuador), ONIC (Colombia), and UNI (Brazil). COICA can be contacted by mail, telephone or Fax: COICA Jiron Almagro 614 Lima 11, Peru Telephone: 631983 Fax:51-14-423572 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazon Indian Delegation Forges New U.S. Alliances (Amazon) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Amazon Indian Delegation Forges New U.S. Alliances (Amazon) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (2-3).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 2 & 3 Abstract Note Representatives of Native groups in the Amazon basin insisted on having a bigger role in policy making in their area. They forged an alliance with the United States and set a new agenda for a permanent dialogue without intermediaries. http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/a8425bc2cbae899d76c215985e8339f6 d1911ed7a32dd1ebed9c3bc1d37e656b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (4-6).pdf PDF Text Text companies. Approximately 3,000,000 more hectares are in the exploratory phases. Ecuadorian Government Grants New Concessions to Oil Companies The government of President Rodrigo Borjas will grant new concessions to oil companies operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest as well as on the coast. Oil development in Ecuador is controlled and monitored by the Ecuadorean State Petroleum Corporation (CEPE). Approximately 630,000 hectares of fragile rainforest and coastal regions are being exploited by oil A new round of concessions is expected before 1990 in the next international bid. The New Oriente Concessions will total more than 2,500,000 hectares and include lands in Huaorani Indian territories, as well as lands in Yasuni National Park. Conoco, a U.S. based company, and one of about 20 international petroleum corporations currently operating in Ecuador, is planning to build a 175 kilometer road which will serve to build and maintain an oil pipeline. This project has met with serious opposition nationally from Indian organizations (particularly CONFENIAE), and criticized by many �international environmental groups. (see SAIIC newsletter, Fait 1989). The Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund, based in San Francisco, California, has been circulating a 39 page report about oil road construction through Ecuador's YasuniNational Park. The report received particular attention at the UN Session for the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities last August in Geneva, Switzerland. The report states that "the already severe reduction in the Huaorani population because of similar activities in the past is well documented and is notice of the threat of genocide of the Huaorani people if the road and other encroachments occur ... Both Ecuador and Conoco, as joint organizers of the oil exploration in Huaorani territory, could be liable for genocide." (pp.1718) CORDAVI, a human rights legal defense group in Ecuador, has presented a similar case against the construction of the road, alleging that the "Ecuadorean government violated the constitution by allowing the construction of the road and the exploitation of resources within a protected area." Last May, representatives of the Ecuadorean government, CEPE, and the Ecuadorean Institute of Agrarian Reform (IERAC) and representatives of CONFENIAE and the National Organization of Indian People in Ecuador (CONAIE) signed an agreement at Sarayacu, an Indian community in the rainforest. The legal authorities committed to legalizing Huaorani Indian territories as protected areas, as well as other Indian territories, under the coordination of CONFENIAE. They also agreed to stop the colonization of Indian territories in the rainforest and on the coast, and to require the withdrawal of the Sumner Institute of Linguistics from Indian territories. As of today, the government has not complied with any of the agreements. CONFENIAE reports that "the situation in the Ecuadorian rainforest today is extremely alarming. Of the approximately eleven million hectares of rainforest, 35% is under private occupation by plantations, cattle ranches, and other forms of agroindustry. Only 15% has been declared national parklands. Overall, 80% of the region is held by private companies which have been known to destroy the forest under the system of' conces- �sions.' For that reason, we, the Indian people are standing up to defend our territory and to preserve the ecosystem of the Amazon ... " Oil Companies Destroy Quichua Sacred Site SAIIC coordinator, Nilo Cayuqueo together with international lawyer, Karen Parker of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Club visited Ecuador from July 7th to the 21st to meet with representatives of CONFENIAE (the Confederation of Indian Nationalities of Ecuador). The purpose of the visit was to discuss possible international legal actions to take against the Ecuadorean Government and the international oil companies, primarily a division of the U.S. company- Conoco, operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest. The following interview took place in Block 10 of the Sarayacu River where the U.S. oil company Arco, and the French exploration company CGG, are operating in the Ecuadorian Amazon. "My name is Juan Sanchez Pena. I am over 50 years old and I have lived in this community of Sarayacu [which means River of Corn in Quichua] all my life. My parents and my grandparents and all my ancestors were from here also. We, the Quichua people from the Amazon region of what is now called Ecuador, were living here peacefully. We have had enough food - yuca, corn, different types of potatoes and fruit. Here, in the Amazon, we have many rivers and are able to fish. Every family has a canoe to travel on the rivers, to fish and to visit friends, and to go to ceremonies and fiestas. When a young couple or anyone needs a new canoe, we hold a 'minga' [communal work party] to construct it. When we need meat, we go hunting. We, the men, do that and the women wait for us and when we return, we have ceremonies and a big party. We used to have a lot of animals to eat here, but now the situation is different and sadly, it's getting worse all the time. A long time ago (around 1943-45), people came with heavy machinery. They came and without telling us anything, they started to make big explosions. We did not know what was going on! Later, we found out that they were exploring for petroleum. About one or two years later, other people came to cut the trees in � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ecuadorian Government Grants New Concessions to Oil Companies (Ecuador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Ecuadorian Government Grants New Concessions to Oil Companies (Ecuador) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (4-6).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 4-6 Abstract Note The Ecuadorian government granted new oil concessions to companies operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest. A new round of concessions was expected to start before 1990. Conoco Ecuador Ecuadorian government Fall 1989 oil concessions Oil Extraction winter 1990. http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/7880ce40df4171afc081175d16962b66 b8359c375d05517e092f1b8dca6d736a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (6-7).pdf PDF Text Text sions.' For that reason, we, the Indian people are standing up to defend our territory and to preserve the ecosystem of the Amazon ... " Oil Companies Destroy Quichua Sacred Site SAIIC coordinator, Nilo Cayuqueo together with international lawyer, Karen Parker of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Club visited Ecuador from July 7th to the 21st to meet with representatives of CONFENIAE (the Confederation of Indian Nationalities of Ecuador). The purpose of the visit was to discuss possible international legal actions to take against the Ecuadorean Government and the international oil companies, primarily a division of the U.S. company- Conoco, operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest. The following interview took place in Block 10 of the Sarayacu River where the U.S. oil company Arco, and the French exploration company CGG, are operating in the Ecuadorian Amazon. "My name is Juan Sanchez Pena. I am over 50 years old and I have lived in this community of Sarayacu [which means River of Corn in Quichua] all my life. My parents and my grandparents and all my ancestors were from here also. We, the Quichua people from the Amazon region of what is now called Ecuador, were living here peacefully. We have had enough food - yuca, corn, different types of potatoes and fruit. Here, in the Amazon, we have many rivers and are able to fish. Every family has a canoe to travel on the rivers, to fish and to visit friends, and to go to ceremonies and fiestas. When a young couple or anyone needs a new canoe, we hold a 'minga' [communal work party] to construct it. When we need meat, we go hunting. We, the men, do that and the women wait for us and when we return, we have ceremonies and a big party. We used to have a lot of animals to eat here, but now the situation is different and sadly, it's getting worse all the time. A long time ago (around 1943-45), people came with heavy machinery. They came and without telling us anything, they started to make big explosions. We did not know what was going on! Later, we found out that they were exploring for petroleum. About one or two years later, other people came to cut the trees in �some areas to make helicopter landings. Those were the oil companies like Webster and Shell. We were concerned, and when we asked the authorities about the exploration on our land, they said that it will only be in a few areas, that we don't have to worry. But throughout the years, more companies came and they extended the area of oil exploration. There is a French company, CGG which is exploring everywhere. They are using powerful detonators and many of the animals have run away, scared. In many cases the animals left their eggs and babies without protection and they died. For example, the other day we found some dead baby parrots in a nest abandoned by the parents. We have a sacred lagoon where we used to go to have ceremonies. But now, with all the explosions on the edges, all of our sacred spirits have been frightened away. Also, most of the fish are dead. There aren't so many wild animals left, the rivers are contaminated, and we often see dead fish floating down the rivers. About two years ago, the oil companies threw about 50 boxes of a chemical we call 'Rojo' into the river. This killed all the fish for a long time. Most of the Indian people here in the Pastaza Province are members of OPIP, the Organization of Indigenous People of Pastaza. Together with other Indian federations in the Ecuadorian Amazon, we are also members of CONFENIAE. There is no way for us to protect our lands from these companies without our organizations. In the past, non-Indian people would say that to be an Indian was to be ignorant and uncivilized, but today they are realizing that the Indian values are valid; that we need to learn from each other. We have centuries of experience living in harmony with. the Amazon. We Indian people are realizing how very important it is to be in touch with other Indians from the South and maybe even from the North. I am confident that some day in the near future, Indian people will be free." Update on the Salasaca Case In the Summer, 1988 issue of the SAIIC Newsletter, we reported on the situation of Rudicindo Masaquiza. Despite many letters of concern from the U.S. and Europe, he is still being held in an Ecuadorian jail without a trial. Ten other Salasaca Indians are still in hiding to avoid capture by the Service of Criminal Investigation. One has left the country permanently. One of the names on the list is Mariano Caisabando. Last April, another Salasaca Indian also named Mariano Caisabando, but from a different community, was � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oil Companies Destroy Quichua Sacred Site (Ecuador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Oil Companies Destroy Quichua Sacred Site (Ecuador) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (6-7).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 6 & 7 Abstract Note A Quichua man, Juan Sanchez Pena, gives an interview where he discloses that before oil excavation in their land, animals were abundant, food was easily accessible, rivers weren't polluted. But now, the CGG oil company of France is driving away all of their food resources and polluting their water sources. Amazon CGG Oil Ecuador Fall 1989 Oil Extraction Quichua Winter 1990 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/f4a383a382f19a0ec2443aadf0bb139e 08b45aced15aa9731b79fa88cdd8ad9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (7-8).pdf PDF Text Text some areas to make helicopter landings. Those were the oil companies like Webster and Shell. We were concerned, and when we asked the authorities about the exploration on our land, they said that it will only be in a few areas, that we don't have to worry. But throughout the years, more companies came and they extended the area of oil exploration. There is a French company, CGG which is exploring everywhere. They are using powerful detonators and many of the animals have run away, scared. In many cases the animals left their eggs and babies without protection and they died. For example, the other day we found some dead baby parrots in a nest abandoned by the parents. We have a sacred lagoon where we used to go to have ceremonies. But now, with all the explosions on the edges, all of our sacred spirits have been frightened away. Also, most of the fish are dead. There aren't so many wild animals left, the rivers are contaminated, and we often see dead fish floating down the rivers. About two years ago, the oil companies threw about 50 boxes of a chemical we call 'Rojo' into the river. This killed all the fish for a long time. Most of the Indian people here in the Pastaza Province are members of OPIP, the Organization of Indigenous People of Pastaza. Together with other Indian federations in the Ecuadorian Amazon, we are also members of CONFENIAE. There is no way for us to protect our lands from these companies without our organizations. In the past, non-Indian people would say that to be an Indian was to be ignorant and uncivilized, but today they are realizing that the Indian values are valid; that we need to learn from each other. We have centuries of experience living in harmony with. the Amazon. We Indian people are realizing how very important it is to be in touch with other Indians from the South and maybe even from the North. I am confident that some day in the near future, Indian people will be free." Update on the Salasaca Case In the Summer, 1988 issue of the SAIIC Newsletter, we reported on the situation of Rudicindo Masaquiza. Despite many letters of concern from the U.S. and Europe, he is still being held in an Ecuadorian jail without a trial. Ten other Salasaca Indians are still in hiding to avoid capture by the Service of Criminal Investigation. One has left the country permanently. One of the names on the list is Mariano Caisabando. Last April, another Salasaca Indian also named Mariano Caisabando, but from a different community, was �This led to many racial tensions and outright attacks between the Salasacas and the Mestizo communities. Rudicindo Masaquiza was arrested, stripped and beaten with a hose and remains in jail one and one-half years later. Salasacan Teenagers Photo by Lynn Meisch kidnapped by the family of the executed thieves and brought to the police. It was verified that he is not the person on the list, but he is still being held anyway. In June of 1988, after a plague of robberies in the community, Rudicindo Masaquiza woke up and surprised thieves who were robbing his house. Sr. Masaquiza roused his neighbors and together, they captured the thieves. In the process, one Salasaca was stabbed. After discovering that the thieves who were mestizos from a nearby town, were part of a gang responsible for robberies in many Salasaca houses, a faction of Salasacas killed them. 8 Salasacas have lost land, lives and property through the mestizo legal system; community self-defense and enforcement of their own laws have been their only defenses. UNIS (the Union of Indigenous Salasacas) is handling the case. The President of UNIS, Jose Maria Masaquiza took the position that the Salasacas are not morally bound to obey laws and a legal system in which they had no hand in making, in which they continue to be exploited. In the subsistence economy that is pervasive among the Salasacas, to steal the sheep, tools, hand-made clothing and seed corn from a family is to rob them of years of labor, and to condemn them to years of hunger. In the plaza, when the Salasacas united to defend themselves against the racial attacks they were facing, they frequently reasserted the legality of their action by citing the laws of Tahuantinsuyo, "Do not steal. Do not be lazy. And don't lie." Invasion of Yanomami Lands Provokes International Outcry Brazilian Indian leaders travelled to Roraima to observe the effects on the Yanomami people of an invasion of 40,000 gold miners. The commission was composed of Ail- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Update on the Salasaca Case (Ecuador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Update on the Salasaca Case (Ecuador) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (7-8).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 7 & 8 Abstract Note Ten Salasaca indians are in hiding to avoid being captured by the Service of Criminal Investigation. A number of robberies occured in Salasaca areas by Mestizos who were part of a gang. The Salasaca's are losing land, lives, and other property to the Mestizo legal system. Fall 1989 gang activity Mestizo robberies Rudicindo Masaquiza Salasaca Salasaca Case Winter 1990 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/0e0d72da32fc8dafd0e005a449ecf69a 655c9c57d6d82da9c0d83a90eb0b15bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (8-10).pdf PDF Text Text This led to many racial tensions and outright attacks between the Salasacas and the Mestizo communities. Rudicindo Masaquiza was arrested, stripped and beaten with a hose and remains in jail one and one-half years later. Salasacan Teenagers Photo by Lynn Meisch kidnapped by the family of the executed thieves and brought to the police. It was verified that he is not the person on the list, but he is still being held anyway. In June of 1988, after a plague of robberies in the community, Rudicindo Masaquiza woke up and surprised thieves who were robbing his house. Sr. Masaquiza roused his neighbors and together, they captured the thieves. In the process, one Salasaca was stabbed. After discovering that the thieves who were mestizos from a nearby town, were part of a gang responsible for robberies in many Salasaca houses, a faction of Salasacas killed them. 8 Salasacas have lost land, lives and property through the mestizo legal system; community self-defense and enforcement of their own laws have been their only defenses. UNIS (the Union of Indigenous Salasacas) is handling the case. The President of UNIS, Jose Maria Masaquiza took the position that the Salasacas are not morally bound to obey laws and a legal system in which they had no hand in making, in which they continue to be exploited. In the subsistence economy that is pervasive among the Salasacas, to steal the sheep, tools, hand-made clothing and seed corn from a family is to rob them of years of labor, and to condemn them to years of hunger. In the plaza, when the Salasacas united to defend themselves against the racial attacks they were facing, they frequently reasserted the legality of their action by citing the laws of Tahuantinsuyo, "Do not steal. Do not be lazy. And don't lie." Invasion of Yanomami Lands Provokes International Outcry Brazilian Indian leaders travelled to Roraima to observe the effects on the Yanomami people of an invasion of 40,000 gold miners. The commission was composed of Ail- �ton Krenak and Marcos Terena of the Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI). Kayapo leader Paiakan, Yanomami leader, Davi Kiriana, and Otoriguete Txcummarae denounced a process of "extermination" being carried out against the Yanomami. The Native leaders revealed that 15 Yanomami have died in recent weeks at the government health post in Boa Vista run by FUN AI, the national Indian foundation. Most of the deaths were caused by malaria, a disease brought by the miners, and compounded by acute malnutrition. The miners' invasion has drastically disrupted the subsistence activities of agriculture and hunting of the Yanomami, Va 5, Nrn2&3 the largest Indian nation in the Americas still not in complete contact with the national society. According to Amnesty International, the Yanomami have also been victims of violence, with two women and a child killed on August 11th near an airstrip used by the miners. Amnesty International also says it has received reports that between one and five Yanomamis were killed the first week of November near the headwaters of the Mucujai River. In addition, rivers in the area are now polluted with mercury, which is used in �goldmining, and venereal disease is now widespread. Over 90% of the population of Paapiu Village is reported suffering from onchocerciasis (commonly called 'river blindness'). According to Raimundo Yanomami of Paapiu, the health worker from FUNAI ( the government Indian Protection Agency) left the area, saying "It's these people, the gold miners who from now on, are going to give medicines to you. We're not giving anymore." Hundreds of small planes are taking off each day to bring miners and supplies to the Yanomami area. The Brazilian military has arbitrarily cut the size of Yanomami territory by 70% as part of their Calha Norte program. On October 20th, a federal judge issued a preliminary directive ordering the removal of gold miners from the Yanomami area. Federal police are charged with carrying out the eviction to remove the miners by air and relocate them to areas where gold mining is allowed by law. The Governor of Roraima, Romero Juca Filho, ex-president of FUN AI, has announced he will press for legalization of the gold miners' right to continue working within the Indian territory. i10 I - The federal court ruling ordering the removal of gold prospectors from Yanomami territories is being defied by the Brazilian government. This is in total disregard of the federal constitution. On January 9, 1990, the Brazilian government met with gold prospectors to discuss the ruling and reached an accord whereby the prospectors would be voluntarily relocated within Yanomami territory! This accord was reached without consulting the Yanomami people. Please write letters of protest to the Brazilian Embassy or your local Brazilian Consulate. Brazilian Embassy 3006 Mass Ave NW Washington, DC 20008 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Invasion of Yanomami Lands Provokes International Outcry (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Invasion of Yanomami Lands Provokes International Outcry (Brazil) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (8-10).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 8-10 Abstract Note 40,000 gold miners invaded Roraima. 15 Yanomami died as a result of the miners bringing malaria into Yanomami territory. Rivers have been polluted with mercury and gold miners are quickly spreading venereal diseases. Fall 1989 Gold Miners gold mining Malaria Roraima Winter 1990 Yanomami http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/18989b5aab79dfc740a03dcc98120cc7 4cd5227c805fc57942c9087b64d2147c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (10).pdf PDF Text Text goldmining, and venereal disease is now widespread. Over 90% of the population of Paapiu Village is reported suffering from onchocerciasis (commonly called 'river blindness'). According to Raimundo Yanomami of Paapiu, the health worker from FUNAI ( the government Indian Protection Agency) left the area, saying "It's these people, the gold miners who from now on, are going to give medicines to you. We're not giving anymore." Hundreds of small planes are taking off each day to bring miners and supplies to the Yanomami area. The Brazilian military has arbitrarily cut the size of Yanomami territory by 70% as part of their Calha Norte program. On October 20th, a federal judge issued a preliminary directive ordering the removal of gold miners from the Yanomami area. Federal police are charged with carrying out the eviction to remove the miners by air and relocate them to areas where gold mining is allowed by law. The Governor of Roraima, Romero Juca Filho, ex-president of FUN AI, has announced he will press for legalization of the gold miners' right to continue working within the Indian territory. i10 I - The federal court ruling ordering the removal of gold prospectors from Yanomami territories is being defied by the Brazilian government. This is in total disregard of the federal constitution. On January 9, 1990, the Brazilian government met with gold prospectors to discuss the ruling and reached an accord whereby the prospectors would be voluntarily relocated within Yanomami territory! This accord was reached without consulting the Yanomami people. Please write letters of protest to the Brazilian Embassy or your local Brazilian Consulate. Brazilian Embassy 3006 Mass Ave NW Washington, DC 20008 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Urgent Action Bulletin (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Urgent Action Bulletin (Brazil) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (10).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 10 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Abstract Note Federal court ruling ordering the removal of gold miners from Yanomami territory has been defied by the Brazilian government. Brazil Brazilian Government cry for help Fall 1989 Gold Miners Winter 1990