91 12 1190 http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/502c3dd3e60a270f238058cbacf10838.pdf 7df127902fa004d8088d5391b079952d PDF Text Text S E L F DETERM I NATION & TER RITORY A~t~~w~ Alberto A BILINGUAL INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION IN ECUADOR A long·standing objective of Indigenous organizations is to rcju\'tnatc and preserve local culture. Fonunately, there is an increasing mo\'emem towards bilingual imercuhural education which aims to promote and develop Indigenous Ian· guages and cultures and make them part of the national culture in their respective coumrics. Born of this movement arc a number of dfons in Ecuador attempting to del'clop the country$ Indigenous education through new pedagogical techniques suit· able to the l3 Indigenous peoples. This project has a considerable histOry developing outside of any official protocol . bm it has recently gained official s.:uus as the Jmcrcuhural Bilingual Education Initiative. cl Proyecto de Educaci6n Intercultural Bilingue (EIB). In the fifties, the SIL (Summer Institute of Linguistics) and the Andean Mission developed projects involving Indigenous education . However. the 30 principal objective or these i>rojects was to proselytize the Indians. By lhe 19605, under the direction of Mr. Leonidas Proano, bilingual education was by Ecuadors Public addressed Educational Radio Program which had audiences imo the Sierra. In the sevemies the Shuar System of Radio Education (SERBISH) was implemented in other Indigenous schools in the Bolivar. Cotopa.,.i and Na1>0 provinces. The exl)eriences gleaned from these predr<:essors made way for the creation of a fonnal Indigenous educational pro· gram. The huercuhural Bilingual Education Initiative, was established in 1986 with the signing of a contr'3Cl between GTZ of Germany and the Ecuadorian Government. They elaborat· cd a tentative curriculum, didactic mate· rials in Quichua for primary schools, and designed programs providing training and support to rural organizations for the purpose or educational and cultural promotion. The following is an interview we con· ducted with the director or the National office of Bilingual Intercultural Education. (Oirccdon National de educa· cion 11ucrcuhurnl Bilingue·DINEIB), Alberto Andrnngo. Mr. Andrnngo is a Quichtc1 and has had considerable experience ''-'Orking in the Oeld of education. He also ..vas the vicc·prtsidcm of what is now the National Federation of Indigenous and Black Workers o f Ect"'dor (FENOCIN). In what year was the OINEIB created ? \ Vh y was it necessary to create the OINEIB? \Vhat a re some other confed· er.u ions and orga_ izations that partie· n ipatc in and contriburc to the politica l activities and adminis tration o f lite OINEIB? f-low is the OlNEIB Slruc· turcd ? The OINEIB was created in November of 1988, but local. regional, provincial and national Indigenous organizations had been demanding its fonnation for years. In 1988, CONAIE (Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador) played a very imponam role by launching a proposal for the education or Indigenous peoples. It was a propos.1l gcner.ucd by Indigenous and non· Indigenous professors and educational specialists blll was strictly tied to plans made for the enhancement or the Indigenous nations in Ecuador. An agn::e· ment was made between the Minister of Ct>lturc and Education and CONAIE to ilnplcmcm the OINEIB according to local dire<:th·es concerning bilingual intercul· tural education. Long before DINEIB, organizations, principally the FENOCIN and also the ECUARUNARI (affiliated with the CONAl E), had continuously Struggled to A'(y.fa Yala News �S E L F DETERMINATION & TERR ITO RY make the government recognize the Two of the tnOSI significant goals of Bilingual Jmercultuml Education move. the Indigenous m ove ment have been ment (EIB). For example. l remember to encourage muhicuhura1isnl and between 1981 and 1982. prior to the participatory d emocracy. In what existence o£ the CONAIE and the sense is the OINEIB a realization o f OINEIB. there was an massive national these goals? march calling for the recog· " ... WE HAVE TO The OINEIB is a state instilu· nition o£ 1he El6 by 1he government of jaime Roldos tion. but we are also an insti· DEVELOP OUR Aguilera. At this time. there tution of the Indigenous com· was a conStam demand for munities of Ecuador. For this IDENTITY, PRErecognhion from every orgareason. the DINEIB is subject nization. This also helped to SERVE OUR LAN - to the comrol, support and precipitate the creation or 1he GUAGE IN ORDER the direction given by the national orftce. Local and TO BETIER CON- Indigenous nations. As a for· regional ex1>eriences were mal state institution we are FRONT OTHER administratively. financially compiled and used to create an all-encompassing propos· and technically decemralizcd. CULTURES" al presented to and recogTherefore, we are dependent nized by the government. By on the directives generated by the time Rodrigo Borja 1ook office 1hc all of the individuals working within the national Bilingual lntercuhuml Education DINEIB. The OINEIB is a conglomerate program was institutionalized in of individuals, Indigenous for the most part but also non-Indigenous, 1hat partie· Ecuador. ipate on be hal£ or all the national organi- conuibutc tO the operations or their bilingual education program. by organizing a budget. infrastructure. teaching tllaterials and any other fonn or support ncccss.1ry to the realization o£ 1he El6. Once the DINE18 was formed, the rest of the Indigenous and Campesino organizations, like the FEINE (Federation o£ Evangelical Indians). FENOC (Federation o£ Campcsinos). FENACLE (Federation o£ Free Campesinos) and FEI (Federation of Ecuadorian Indians), came to panicip3te: at first they were suspi· cious but eventually they evolved suffi· ciem trust w panicipate within all levels o£ the EIB. I believe the EIB has actually facilitated a dialogue among our national organizations; a dialogue that concerns not only crucial issues put £onh by the EIB. bm also other issues conceming thtse organizations. The organizations 1 mentioned have supported this process. some with considerable fortitude and dedication and others with somewhat ltss. But by all means these six major participants have significamly contributed to the developmem o£ the EIB. l believe another accomplishment of 1he DINEIB is institutional decentrali%3tion. We have attained a degree of autonomy that enable,s us to advance obje<:tives o£ 1he EIB. This decentralization also allows us to select our own candidates for administrative positions. The only remaining power of the cemral goven\mem is to give legitimate title to the candidate elected by Indigenous organiza· tions. Othcnvise, the electoral process occurs in the selection of provincial directors. They are elected by local organizations following a public debate. This election system is unique. distinct from the tradition or appointments dictated by the minisny and government which are <:ommonplace i1\ other state ii\Stitutions. zations previously mentioned. In this way DINEIB recognizes the objectives or each or these diverse organizations. As for the conununitics. is th ere a way in which families or local groups a re able to participate in II\C Bilingual Intercultural Education system? There arc local Educational Advisory Councils (CEC) that have been established in some provinces and some communities. Through these community councils, locaiJ>eoples are able to participate directly in the bilingual imercuhural education effons~ The local Educational Advisory Councils are comprised of delegates from parent's commit· tees and community organizations. stu· dent and teacher representatives, and delegates from other local instilutions. So. these boards are local and panici· patory by nature. They are obliged to Vol. 11 No. 1 \Vhat would you say are some of the successes of the DINEIB and some of its failures or shortcomings? One success or the program is that we have managed to bring together six major organizations in a convers..u ion concem· ing bilingual and intercultural education and have also generated a dialogue dealing with other imponam issue-s of the lndigenous·campesino movement in Ecuador. Previously, although these groups were ideologicall)• on the same pmh , they sparred often in the political arena. Wnh the EIB as a foundation, the-se groups are united ...while. of course. they continue to respect one another's diverse experiences and objectives. As to our educational model, we have been able to develop our own prototype without the intervention of the central government dictating this or that model. \Vc are creating materials for each of lite 31 �S E L f & DETERMINATION lnd1genous ruuons. and art able to dab· orate our own budget for tht Hems that W( ffqUII't \ Vh:u has been the atthudc toward the OINEJB o f dirrcrcnt administrn· tions over the years? Ba"'C they volun· tarily supported the OIN EIB or have they 1ricd to undermine rhc initiatives of Oiling u:ll lntcrcuhural Education? We hnvc clucOy had financial prob· lcms. The govcrnmcm does not allocate sufficient lunds to sustaul Bilingual edu· cauon. In the last year the go\'cmmcnt d1d not gl\'e us a smglc ccm to invest in Awo uon·the lack ol • "'lhngn<SS to suppon lnd1g<nous <duauon on the pan of the government 01 course Ecuador doesn\ have 3n cnonnous budget, but ne,·cn.htl<ss. the,.. ought to bt enough funds ava1lablt: so that we maght work somewhat normally dc\'clopmg the EIB. \Vh:u types o f l'rojccts :u c proposed for chc schools? \V'ith the EIB we do not want to work solely wuh clnldrcn and young people. \Ve also w;mt to CSt3blish development proJects.. . oonsidcnng the povcnr of our lnd1genous people. we need to right a.g.amst th1.s extreme povcny... to prepare mdwrduals for work, armmg them with the tools nee<5S.1r)' to bt producU\'C, so they nuy btnerit tht1r bmrhcs. thear commumues and the enure $OCtet)~ f>.) . S.ON& ~<u>ow So<or• 2. (),ocl; 8. }. 4. Quod-... 9. Tsxha O>Un 10 II. q,... s. our proJtClS. or to tram our profC'$SOrs and admmlSir:uors nor d1d we receive a smgle C('nt for tcachmg matenals for our variOUS lnd1gcnous communmes. Nor have they sup1>hcd us wllh the necessary tools or technology. Thts ts n con.s~<lernb l y serious problem for us. \\'e hn,•e been able to make a little pro&r<ss with the flnanc1al suppon of the GTZ o£ Gcnnany. but by no mea.ns does th1s suffice Is this lack o r S\1pport a rcs·ult or a shortage or rt":SOurccs '\\'ithin the go,·· t mmcnt or their unwillingness to help! T ERRITORY ~... "'*"-"' We would hke to strengthen our development prOJI!ClS for agricuhure. ammal husbandry. mechanks. C311J0ntry ttnd craft production. Some groups have begun to work on realizing these projects but they are limIted by a shortage of financial support. We need lunds for baste 1n:ucrials. tools. etc. the~r ch1ldrcn ltam QU1chua \Ve connn· ue to thmk that the whntlmtstazo. \Vcstcm world IS better and that our own lnd1g<OOUS SO<I<l)' 15 wonhless We have been mcukattd wuh thl$ atutudc pn:>hlbnmg the use of the lndtgenous lan· guages by ~hspamc professors Our own youth have bced thb when they htwe attended college and hJtve been prohibited from speak1ng lhetr nauve tongue. \Vc have expencnccd and endured the Spanish invaston that tncd to crush our cultures. We ha\'e suffered through colomalism that has tned to make us £eel ashamed of ourselves. Some r~umhcs contmuc to behcvc that our culture and trad1uons are Mthout "alue Loco.l and reg~onal orgamzauons n~-td to nuSt ptOpleS COr\SClcnccs, con,'ln« thtm othcrv.'lSt. that our cui· ture 1S cmmtntly wonh)' and we ha,·e to de"clop our tdcnuty, prescr"e our lan· guage m order to btttcr confront Other cultures Th1s way we wtll be well pre· pared for an)' snuauon T hen, it is still ncecss:,ry to combat colonialism? Cenninly. il is crucial that we erase this mcntnht)~ Vlc have 10 confront the lack of sell-esteem. We must foster self· wonh and coumcr lht low stlr.esteem which stall prrslStS m some of our com· lf::wc )'OU proposed that non·lndigcnous people learn mumuts an Indigenous language? IntroduCtiOn tO thas mtcrvacw was 13.k<n lrom a paper wnntn bv !>.1m1 Pll<o (Qu~<:hua) of the DINEIB '!I Indeed. m our U\SUtutes or b1hngu•l <duco.uon the,.. .,.. non·lndtgtnous children. students. professionals who would hkt to ltam an lnd•genous bng\aagc In Quno we are set· ung up n languJgc trammg program for the ch1ldrcn ol DINEIB employees. the children of d•rectors or nnuona1 organiza· tions :md :myone else who would like to learn. 'J!/c will bcgm the program with Quichua, then S1>amsh. and then English. Alkrto AMrrmgo. tloo "''""of rht Notionol ollie• of Malti<vhurol l i/ingONJI Uucotioo (OINE/1/;, o Q .. ui<b from (c..JO<. lA/1( lrltn~ t.Mrt AMolino who 60> lived ond worhd in ltvoHr inttrYitwed A!Hrto Androngo in 011ito for Abya Yo/a N HI h tvmntly 1Y11. wwking •• biJ Jissortot~• on tho po/ili<l ol tbt lndigtttO(If movtmMI In (cu~OI. las t year I had the OJ>J>Ortunily to visit a bilingual school in Lhc pro,--incc of hnbaburn. \Vc spoke with a teacher. who told us shc was worried that some parents did not wa nt their ch_l· i drcn to Jearn Quiehua in schooL \Vhat is being done 10 deal " 'hh 1his prob- lemr I b<h<'·e Ill$ mo,.. the absence of voli· 32 Some pa,..nts an: opposed to ha'"ng A~YalaNews � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview With Alberto Andrango Bilingual Intercultural Education in Ecuador Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title An Interview With Alberto Andrango Bilingual Intercultural Education in Ecuador Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 30-32 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note There is an increasing movement towards bilingual intercultural education to help develop and preserve Indigenous language and culture. There have been many movements and organizations created to ensure this goal is reached, and much success and failure along the way. Attachment Title An_Interview_With_Alberto_Andrango_Bilingual_Intercultural_Educator_In_Ecuador.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bilingual Culture Language http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/2c6874b314ce1c02f454d588c0feff62.pdf 5e46ac46768096987ebd3e76d13fc254 PDF Text Text IN BRIEF citing plans for construction of two trans-Andean gas Armando Antonio Ptrez, two members of AN IS. The Perez pipelines importing natural gas from Argentina. and the brothers appealed to the Supreme Coun of justice. but to no planned construction of new gas· fired powerplants. The US. avail; the coun ruled to have them expelled from the com· based Natuml Resources Defense Council rettntly conclud· munity. ed a Study demonStrating that improvement of energy deliv· Presently. a warrant is out for the arreSt of Don Adrian cry SyStems m Chile would make Ralco unnecessary. Esquino. president ANIS. on the grounds that he has Stolen The lnternauonal Commission on J..arge Dams is an Org;t· land and murdered. On May 3. an explosion tore through the nization of engineers from 79 countries which promotes con· house of the Esquino family. but caused only structural dam· struction of dams throughout the world. Founded in 1928. age. Faced with this situation. Esqulno is urging human it is headquartered in Paris, France. rights organizations to pressure the Salvadoran state to protect the rights of Indigenous communities under fire. Information from: lntemarfonal Rivus Networl1 (IRN), 1817 Berllelcy Wily. Bcrlwley, Califomia 94703 USA; Tel: (+510) 818· Colombia: Another Zenu Leader Killed 1155: Fax: (+510) 8'18-1008; email: im@igc.al'(.O~ Lummi Indian Nation, 2616 Kwlna Road, Bellingham, \\whington 98226. USA: efore the very eyes of Indigenous and national authoriTel: (+360) 38'1·2288; Fax; (+360) 738-8863 ties, one by one the members of the San i\ndrts de Sotavento Resguardo (Indian reserve). are being killed. At 1:30pm on Sunday, August 18. on the site known as El Salvador: Deputies Threaten Indigenous La Arena (Olrdoba State), two armed men on a black motor· Organization, Target Community bike assassinated the Indigenous leader of the town council he deputies Renato Ptrez. Adolfo Varela. and acU\151 m and mayoral ex-candidate of the town of San Andrts. Albeno the rightiSI ARENA political pany jorge Rufz are present· Cheito Malo Alean. ly attempttng to evict the Indigenous residents of the J..as The Zenu leader was 38 years old. mamed. and had two Hojas county of the San Antonio del Monte Sonsonate juris· children. By profession, he was a civil engineer. lie was the diction. Ptrez. Varela, and Rufz accuse the leaders of the brother of Htctor Malo Vergara. Cacique (chicO of the San National Sah'3domn Indigenous Organization (ANIS) of Andrts de Sotavento Resguardo. who was assassinated on being land thieves and murderers. March 26, 1994, along with three other Indigenous persons. Through the Ministry of Agriculture and Ranching. the This year 12 Zenu leaders have been killed. plaintiffs presented their accusations against the members of The Zenu of the San Andrts de Sotavento protested the AN IS before the tribunals of Sonsonate. They arc accused of lack of any meeting \vith representatives of the state in search violating the agricultuml norms of the country. At this point of solutions to this crisis of civil order. Their attempts have 10 members of AN IS were summoned to appear before the so far yielded nothing. Sonsonate courts to present their testimony regarding this The Cacique Rosenburg Clemente confirmed that the situation. according to the president of AN IS, Fermin Garcia Indigenous people are scared because they don' know who woll be next or when. Guardado. Several lndogcnous nations inhabit J..as Hojas count)'. He added that the massacres ha,·e contmued unabated. mcludmg Nahuats, l.A:nkas. and Mayas. This regoon was aoded by the indifference of the authonues. This comes after acquored by ANIS on 1978 as a safe region in whoch to work those same authorities had promised on a recent meeting in with the communities. They organized cooperatl\'es and are Manillo to establish a vigilante SyStem and to assure peace working communally. In this same spot. 74 Indigenous peo· and autonomy in the Resguardo. pie were massacred in 1983 by the $ah'3doran army. It The International Brotherhood of Human Rights has proremains today a s.1cred place for them and they ask that it be posed the creation of a human rights commission in the area. respected . The Church in turn has suggested that a Reconciliation Since january a number of violent actions have been Commission be set up in conjunction with international directed at the Indigenous people of the region. such as on observers. Nothing has come of any of this. however. january 27 when unknown masked individuals entered the The Cacique requested that impunity be stopped and that community at midnight and nred bullets on the house of the the results or the inveStigations or the murders under way be spiritual leader and Indigenous leaders connected to ANI$. made public. At the same time they threatened to repeat the bloodshed of He also denounced the fact that there arc heavily armed I 983. At that time Amnesty International had led a camp.1ign mercenaries in the majority of the ranches existing in the of informing human rights organizations to pressure the region of the San Andrts de Sotavento Resguardo in Olrdoba Salvadoran Slate to inforcc jUStice. and Sucre. On the 12 of March, the national police ransacked the office of ANIS and detained Rafael Anuro Ptrez and lnformatwn from El Tiempo, Bogot4 B T Vol. 10No. 2 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colombia: Another Zenu Leader Killed Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1996 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Colombia: Another Zenu Leader Killed Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 5 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1996 Language English Abstract Note This article details the ever growing issue of indigenous leaders being assassinated. Attachment Title Colombia_in_brief.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Colombia Indigenous Leader http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/479696a2773ea32678938b13f3a09ad0.pdf 7647e0e0551d6b7a6199a55b5fe29b47 PDF Text Text AN URGENT PLEA FROM THE SURUi (Brazil) The Surul Indian people of Rond6nia, conflicts and marry aiSU41/Us among both colonists and Indians, we sucatded in expelling the colonists from our resm>es without represented by the Metareili Organization of the Surul lndigmous People, sent SAJJC the following comuniqu~ to publicize their current situation. govmrmental support. Weare... located at ki/Qmeter 50 in the municipality of Cacoal and live on our traditional lands in six villages. Our population is esli11U1ted to be 511 and we/rave been in coniACI with the national sodety for over 20 ytt~rsand have adApted marryofthecustoms of thissodety. The majority of us wtar western clothes, know the value of mmuy, and 1!111 foods that are different from our traditional did. In 1978, the Suruf lands were invaded by colonists. After marry CurrenJiy, weare collt%med about S«Urity. The Surufs of Rond6nia are suffering marry thrl!llts and tvtn murders. Rtctnlly a Suruf Indian was killed by gunmen hired by ranchers who had invaded the indigenous rescve of the Zor6Indians (The Surufs allied themselves with the Zor61ndians in order to expel the colonizing ranchers). The Surufs of Rondonia have suffered much persecution at the hands of the ranchers, politicians and policeoftheMunici· polity of Caecal. The government has not taken a single measure regarding these persecutions. Ml!llnwhile, the Surufs live with dangerandanxidy,ftrJring moremasstU:Ttsas long as there is no justice. Jm 'rrrrW....-~~. Suicides Plague the Guarani-Kaiowa (Brazil) Suidde, almost unheard of among Indians in the past, Is a disturbing new phenomenon among the Guarani-Kaiowa people in Brazil's western state of Mato Grosso do Sui. Early this year Maura Ramirez, a 15 yearold, hung herself from a tree on the reservation. Her sister, Helena, one year older, had done the same a few months earlier. Since last year, 25 Guarani-Kaiowa have committed suidde and 37 others have attempted it according to statistics from FUNAI (the government's National indian Institute). Anthropologists blame this on the loss of land and OJitural identity in the face of an invasion by ranche!s and farmetS. More than half of the traditional lands claimed by the Guarani-Kaiowas have been settled by outsiders. "What we are seeing is a 01lture in agony, pleading for help/ said anthropologist Maria Aparecida de Costa Pereira, who recently completed a study of the tribe. Violence and disease have dedmated Indian people since Pedro Alvares Cabral and the Portuguese arrived In Brazil in the 16th century. A native population estimated at 5 million in 1500 has been reduced to 220,000 today. The 7200 Guarani-Kaiowa who live on an 8,000 acre reservation have been experiencing increasing pressures In the past few years. Currently the land they have is not enough to sustain their subsistenoe farming. Judges are hostile to indigmousclaims, and readily accept white landowners' property deeds, which are often obtained fraudulcnUy. Ambrosio, a Guarani-Kaiowa leader asks: "What documents do they want from us beyond our nesh and blood? We were born here, as were our mothers, 24 fathers and grandparents, who are buried on this land." The current situation makes the young men leave In search of work as migrant farmers, to cut sugar cane for one of the alcohol distilleries that dot the region, or to migrate to the cities. Sin<:e eligible mates are scarce many Guarani-Kaiowa young women seek work in Dourados, a city of 80,000 near the reservation. Many of them work as maids or prostitutes, only to be rejected after returning to their people. Many of those who have committed suidde did so shortly aftes- returning to the reservation from outside work- or while drunk. Some Guarani-Kaiowa are abandoning traditional faiths and joining Pentecostal sects in the area. Eduardo Leao, an offidai with the Roman Catholic-linl<ed Indig· enous Missionary Council (CJMI), claims that the GuaraniKaiowa believe that they will go to their father's house after they die, where they will be able to live in the traditional manner. "So suicide is not a negation of life but a way of prolonging it." FUNAI officials say they cannot legally set aside more land for the Guarani-Kaiowa, but leao criticizes the government for ignoring the constitutional guarantees of protection for indigmous lands and cultures. "Defending the tribe doesn't require anything extraordinary, but simply obeying the law.lf the federal government doesn't do something soon, theGuarani-Kaiowa are going to disappear." Soomot: S.• Frvr<isa> ~.by KDt Silomi<Vc SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Urgent Plea from the Surui Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title An Urgent Plea from the Surui Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 24 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note The Surui ask for help with security. Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p024.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil rondonia Surui http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/369d2453de1e813c0fcc99a8b86bd68b.pdf 8b468604d09d39d4401d9172cfdc8d2a PDF Text Text DA U G H TE R S OF ABYA YA L A Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining Conference in 2000 In January 1997, women from all over the world involved in mining met in Baguio City, Philippines for the First International Women and Mining Conference. Women, particularly Indigenous women, have long been uniquely affected by and involved in the mining that goes on in their countries. With the expan~on of large scale mining and its inevitable dependence on the global market, women have been faced with changes to the organization of their societies, their economic systems, their interpersonal relationships, their natural environments as well as the health of themselves and their children. Despite their hardships and sacrifices, Indigenous women have often been invisible in the mining world. In many countries local women's groups and community organizations formed to confront the reality of the effects of mining on their cultures and the environment and to come up with ways to reverse the negative effect that mining had on their lives at the individual. familial and community level. These organizations began to see more and more the need to interact with other like-minded organizations at a regional and international level. The NGO, Minewatch (England) was instrumental in forming an international network of women mine workers to coordinate with one another and share information. Minewatch, together with the Women Workers Program, organized and hosted the First International Women and Mining Conference in the Philippines, the first of its kind. Representing their organizations, unions and Indigenous communities, women from Latin America, Africa, Asia, the Pacific and North America shared their experiences of multinational mining and discussed ways to resist its threats to their lives and communities. The delegates developed strategies for collaborating and supporting each other. Respondin9 to the urgency of their needs, the delegates decided to organize reg<onal events after the Conference and to strengthen their existing networks. Plans are now under way for the Second International Women and Mining Conference to be hosted by CEPROMIN (Centro de Promocion Minera) in Bolivia in 2000. The organization hopes to bring 50 delegates representing all of the continents. The objectives of the Second International Conference are: to discover the shared and the particular situation and specific problems of the women in mining zones around the world, to facilitate the exchange of ipformation concerning the impact of rl)inlng:'and. to denounce Human rights-violations, both territorial and culture. <IS well as the ecological disasters and health ramifications of mining activities. Other goals are to utilize the shared creativity of all those present to come Opwith tactics to improve the conditions of life in mining z'ones, and to establish links between organizations and bet)'lleen the countries to work on common issues and 10 negotiate before the pertinent organizations at the governmental and international levels. The themes of the Second International Conference On Women and Mining will be those issues of central concern to the women and their organizations. T~ese concern~relate to the changes at the global level in regard to mining exploitation,...the infor111al and invisible work of women mineworkers (related to the global tendency to informalize and undeNalue the c0ntributions of women's work, following the model of domestic labor), the conditions of life, health and education, a'nd the effeczts of the expan~on of mining into new areas and its real impact on the ecosystem and lhe culture). Bolivie, the si e of the upcoming conference, is a country with a long history of mining. Its inhabitants have seen first ~a~d lhe ext(aordioa<y impact of mining on the politics, environment and socio-economic dynamic of this country. The organizations <n Bolivia have fought for decades for their survival, their rights and their dignity despite the massacres and militarization of their communities. CEPROMIN has extensive documentation of the severe health effects of mining on Indigenous women in Bolivia.Native women miners suffer respitory illnesses, skin diseases. muscular afflictions and die young from the compounded polluting effects of life in the mines. lnfomtalion from CEPROMIN, Mujeres y Minerla Hacia la Segunda CotiferenGia lnttrnacional For more information: CEPROMIN (ttl) 00591-2 35 94 02 (/ax) 00591-2 37 39 83 (e-mail) cepromin@caoba.tnttlnttbo GOntaCf Vol. 11 No. 1 23 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining conference in 2000 Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining conference in 2000 Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 23 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note Women from all over the world participated in the First International Women and Mining Conference, bringing their struggles and hardships forward in an area where they are largely invisible and underrepresented. Attachment Title Bolivia_A_Mining_Country_hosting_Women_and_Mining_Confrence_in 2000.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia mining Women http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/81fc68a3dc5fffb6d437025f38547f0c.pdf 7647e0e0551d6b7a6199a55b5fe29b47 PDF Text Text AN URGENT PLEA FROM THE SURUi (Brazil) The Surul Indian people of Rond6nia, conflicts and marry aiSU41/Us among both colonists and Indians, we sucatded in expelling the colonists from our resm>es without represented by the Metareili Organization of the Surul lndigmous People, sent SAJJC the following comuniqu~ to publicize their current situation. govmrmental support. Weare... located at ki/Qmeter 50 in the municipality of Cacoal and live on our traditional lands in six villages. Our population is esli11U1ted to be 511 and we/rave been in coniACI with the national sodety for over 20 ytt~rsand have adApted marryofthecustoms of thissodety. The majority of us wtar western clothes, know the value of mmuy, and 1!111 foods that are different from our traditional did. In 1978, the Suruf lands were invaded by colonists. After marry CurrenJiy, weare collt%med about S«Urity. The Surufs of Rond6nia are suffering marry thrl!llts and tvtn murders. Rtctnlly a Suruf Indian was killed by gunmen hired by ranchers who had invaded the indigenous rescve of the Zor6Indians (The Surufs allied themselves with the Zor61ndians in order to expel the colonizing ranchers). The Surufs of Rondonia have suffered much persecution at the hands of the ranchers, politicians and policeoftheMunici· polity of Caecal. The government has not taken a single measure regarding these persecutions. Ml!llnwhile, the Surufs live with dangerandanxidy,ftrJring moremasstU:Ttsas long as there is no justice. Jm 'rrrrW....-~~. Suicides Plague the Guarani-Kaiowa (Brazil) Suidde, almost unheard of among Indians in the past, Is a disturbing new phenomenon among the Guarani-Kaiowa people in Brazil's western state of Mato Grosso do Sui. Early this year Maura Ramirez, a 15 yearold, hung herself from a tree on the reservation. Her sister, Helena, one year older, had done the same a few months earlier. Since last year, 25 Guarani-Kaiowa have committed suidde and 37 others have attempted it according to statistics from FUNAI (the government's National indian Institute). Anthropologists blame this on the loss of land and OJitural identity in the face of an invasion by ranche!s and farmetS. More than half of the traditional lands claimed by the Guarani-Kaiowas have been settled by outsiders. "What we are seeing is a 01lture in agony, pleading for help/ said anthropologist Maria Aparecida de Costa Pereira, who recently completed a study of the tribe. Violence and disease have dedmated Indian people since Pedro Alvares Cabral and the Portuguese arrived In Brazil in the 16th century. A native population estimated at 5 million in 1500 has been reduced to 220,000 today. The 7200 Guarani-Kaiowa who live on an 8,000 acre reservation have been experiencing increasing pressures In the past few years. Currently the land they have is not enough to sustain their subsistenoe farming. Judges are hostile to indigmousclaims, and readily accept white landowners' property deeds, which are often obtained fraudulcnUy. Ambrosio, a Guarani-Kaiowa leader asks: "What documents do they want from us beyond our nesh and blood? We were born here, as were our mothers, 24 fathers and grandparents, who are buried on this land." The current situation makes the young men leave In search of work as migrant farmers, to cut sugar cane for one of the alcohol distilleries that dot the region, or to migrate to the cities. Sin<:e eligible mates are scarce many Guarani-Kaiowa young women seek work in Dourados, a city of 80,000 near the reservation. Many of them work as maids or prostitutes, only to be rejected after returning to their people. Many of those who have committed suidde did so shortly aftes- returning to the reservation from outside work- or while drunk. Some Guarani-Kaiowa are abandoning traditional faiths and joining Pentecostal sects in the area. Eduardo Leao, an offidai with the Roman Catholic-linl<ed Indig· enous Missionary Council (CJMI), claims that the GuaraniKaiowa believe that they will go to their father's house after they die, where they will be able to live in the traditional manner. "So suicide is not a negation of life but a way of prolonging it." FUNAI officials say they cannot legally set aside more land for the Guarani-Kaiowa, but leao criticizes the government for ignoring the constitutional guarantees of protection for indigmous lands and cultures. "Defending the tribe doesn't require anything extraordinary, but simply obeying the law.lf the federal government doesn't do something soon, theGuarani-Kaiowa are going to disappear." Soomot: S.• Frvr<isa> ~.by KDt Silomi<Vc SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Suicides Plague the Guarani-Kaiowa Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Silverstein Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Suicides Plague the Guarani-Kaiowa Item Type Journal Article Author Ken Silverstein Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 24 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note Suicide rates climb in Indian communities. Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p024.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil Guarani Kaiowa suicide http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/da01a85f671d9229834010ee1703bdff.pdf cecc27b6750119523278d6f49aa323cf PDF Text Text ENV I RONMEN .:._ _ __ T • • ous people r forest ng local communities, ps and non-governmental off against a major I n a bid to prote<t their livchhoods. the Indigenous communities of the PilOn Lajas lndigenotl.S Territory and Biosphere Reserve in Bolivia's northern Bcni department have united against one of the areaS biggest logging companies. The Chimane. Mosttcne and Tacana peoples have joined forces with the Rurrenabaque municipal gov· cmmem and Veterinarians \Vithout Borders (VSF), a French NGO which oversees administration of Pi16n lajas. to ban the Berna logging compa1\y from the reserve. 24 A'<Yta Yala News �ENVIRONMENT ..\Ve want the :tuthoritie-s to throw out 1hc logging companies. so 1hey leave 1he lCrrilOl')' for good : said Bern~n SolO. "THE SUCCESS cuhure secretary or OR FAILURE OF San luis Chico. Berna, however, has THE PILON a legal concession issued by former LA)AS AREA, Presidcm Gonzalo DESIGNATED AS SAnchez de Loz..'lda AN INDIGENOUS (1993·1997). and TERRITORY AND ahhougluhc compa· ny has not resumed BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN 1991, DEPENDS ON WHETHER OR NOT THE LOGGING INDUSTRY IS CONTROllED" logging in the area, 1he baule is far from over. Berna$ logging contract does not expire umil 2011. "The success or fail· ure of 1he Pil6n L'ljas area, designated as an Indigenous territory and biosphere rescnre in 1991. derxmds on whether or not the logging indusuy is controlled," s..<tid Daniel Robinson, national coordinator of VSF. Bolivia$ forest reserves are considered among the worldS richest, \\i lh more 1han 2.500 species of 1rees. The coalition against Berna s.c1.y that the company, along with hoards o£ inde· pendem loggers. is steadily deforesting 1hc supposedly pro1ec1ed area. ' They are tearing out various timber SJ>Ccics. 1nain· ly mahogan)', and selling them for excellent prices; Soto said. In addition , ~vlosetene representative Macario Canare said. "For every mahogany trunk they take om , they cut down 70 more trees geuing to it." logging also 1hrea1ens Ira· ditional hunting grounds on which Indigenous communi· ties depend for their livelihood. '"The loggers hunt animals in 1he jungle for food. and 1he sound of their machines scares many more away... Canare said. lov.red. The law givts Indigenous people the exdusive right to tase foreSt resources on commur~al land in territory reserved for Indigenous groups. Protected art.as indude more than 9.5 million hectares, while Indigenous areas amount to about 1 million hectarts. In comrasl. more than 21 million hectares have been granted il'l foresiTy concessions (NA jul)' 18. 1996). ''The lumber companies and indepen· dent loggers are taking away tree-s that we have title to. withOUl giving anything i11 return to the communities ... Soto said. Robinson and the Indigenous peo· pies of Pil6n L'ljas argue that local communities should a1 leas1 gel a pcrcemage of loggers' pror.lS. The Indigenous communities have created a prece· dem of resistance and some head· way has been made in defending Pil6n lajas. In 1996. VSF sued 1he !lelia Visla and El Pino logging companies for working without comracts, and they were forced to suspend operations, the first time such action had ever been 1akcn. A 1hird company. Selva Negra, lef1 the area volumaril)~ Bema. the largest comp..1ny remaining in Pil6n L1jas, is proving hard 10 dislodge. Robinson said VSF "FOR EVERY lawyers have "extensive evi· dence lha1 lhe cornpanys log· MAHOGANY ging prncticcs do not comply TRUNK THEY wilh 1he foremy law." For example, Bema has not begun TAKE OUT, THEY 1he reforeSialion program CUT DOWN 70 de1ailed in ilS original con1rac1. and its employees continue to MORE TREES hum for food, ahhough Imming is prohibited. many people want Bema to stay. Rumnabaquc, a frontier settlement on the Scni River. thrives on lite exlt'ac· lion of mahogany from Pil6n L'ljas. Mos1 or the town is built from second·rnte mahog...tny. and it is an open secret that 1he local s.'wmill culS illegally harveSled wood into commercial planks. Despite its shortcomings, the new forestry law has staned to control the flow of wood fron't the area. By allowing people to make a living from logging. but regulating the indus· try through forest inventories and extrnction plans. the area could have a S\.lStainable more future. ..People have realized that by limit· ing their output they can s1ill make good mone>~ Since the vol· umc has dropped in R\lrrenabaque, the price of lumber has almoSl doubled: Robinson said. But these small advances are threatened by large·scale. unsus· tainablc operations like llemas in Pil6n Lajas. "If l&rnal isn't thrown out, then the whole lhing will fall 1hrongh. lndeJ>endcm loggers will 'If 1hcy'rc not going to make the big guys leave the protected areas, then why should we lleavel?" Robinson said. '"'Y· Despite the obstacles, the Indigenous communities in Pil6n l.aja arc detem'tined to protect the restrve. ..ItS our right to protect our territory," C.'\nare &'tid. "lf we can't control il, and if this logging doesn't stop. we lose the fumre we are fighting for." ~ GETTING TO Bolivia's forts~ry law, passed w is everyoneS fervent hope it in 1996. allows 1he governIT." ment to lease forests to private that Berna will be thrown out, companies in 40·year conces· but tht)' are very powerful sions. providing regulations governing here,- Robinson said. The logging indussustainable forest management are fol· try is imponant to the local economy, and Vol. 11 No.1 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Indigenous People Fight for Forest, An alliance among local communities, Indigenous groups and non-governmental organizations faces off against a major logging company. Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grant Jaime Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Indigenous People Fight for Forest, An alliance among local communities, Indigenous groups and non-governmental organizations faces off against a major logging company. Item Type Journal Article Author Jaime Grant Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 24-25 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note The Indigenous communities of the Pilon Lajas Indigenous Territory and Biosphere Reserve have challenged a large logging company, asking for their overthrow. They claim that logging causes negative environmental, health, ad social effects. Attachment Title Bolivia_Indigenous_People_fight_for_forest.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Beni Bolivia Logging Pilon Lajas Indigenous Territory and Biosphere Reserve http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/046860b09159ce0a40a74f9674e934bb.pdf cb8ce3910fedeb5dac5c4ebe9a79adcc PDF Text Text unites all Kuna prople and organizations. Eve')' six months the problems of our prople arc reviewed in this congress. Du.ring the rest of the year our communities and organizations work independently. Distinct political and even ideological positions are respected. What unites us is the defense of our region. our Mother Earth, and our culture. 'The Kuna Region of Madungandi is being threatened by the invasion of non·indigenous colonists. 'Those who live in the jungle region are on mountainous lands which are less productive, the result of a forced relocation in 1974 and 1975 by the fonncr government of General Omar Torrijos. The government decided to build a hydroelectric dam in the region in order to supply electridty to the republic. Ironically, today, our brothers still do not have electricity. They do not enjoy any of the benefits of this socalled "technological development." They live in the province of Panama, under the direct administration of the authorities of that province. 'Their situation worsened in 1974 and 1975 when the government of Omar Torrijos nooded their territories and turned them into an artificial lake. Now the lake generates approximately 45% of the country's elcctridty. The cultivated lands of the Kuna were nooded, the prople were displaaxl to inhospitable a.nd less productive areas, and they received little compensation for their losses. In contrast, the colonists or invaders were relocated to better parts and given compensation for the loss of land and cultivated areas. Since the origins of this problem nearly 20 years ago, the stealing of lands from the Kuna has continued. Today, it is lead by wealthy landowners and cattle ranchers who manipulate disputes between poor proplc and our brothers in order to eventually take over the land themselves. These invasions have increased since the US invasion of Panama, as a result of the confusion and lad< of applied justice. On the 10th of july, 1991, the Kuna of Madungandi began a series of peaceful protcsts, an uprising. The Panamanian authorities immediately stated that the "'Kuna indigenous prople, using heavy weapons, have risen up_. to destabilize the present government." This became the pretext for the governor of the province to request the police intervention in order to repress the Kuna. Fortunately, their false daims were disregarded and confronted with courage by our brot.hers, with the support of the Kuna Yala. 'The Kuna who live on the isla.n dsengage in subsistence production. The men generally work in fishing the seas and agricultural production, in particular the production of coconut. which is our main source of cash income. We sell coconuts to Colombian ships, and many of us exchange it for food products. The Panamanian government has done little or nothing to purchase coconut from us and to look for a solution to the deep economic crisis affecting our regions. Amongst our prople, we continue to barter for food products, which contributes slightly toward alleviating the crisis. The women, in tum., dedicate themselves primarily to the home and to the care of children. (Su At~ncio, p. 45) 26 The Kuna Speak about 500 Years of Resistance (Panama) Our organization, along with other Indigenous organizations in Panama have coordinated the 500yearscampaign ina united way. We see 1992asa time to commemorate not only 500 years of resistance, but also to reinforce ties of unity amongst ourselves. This will enable us to better confront our enemies who tty to divide us and deny our existence. It is for this reason that we recognize the struggle of other poor and marginalized sec:lors of our eountty. Ukc us, they fight for their survival and for rcspe<t of their rights. However, we do not tolerate those nonindigenous organizations that want to capitalize on the 500 years campaign for politic:al purposes. They want to use indigenous proples without understanding and recogniz.. ing the nature of our struggles. We do not deny the struggle of other sectors of Abya Yala (continent, In the Kuna la. guage). On the n contra')', our continent will be free only when all sectors. .. arc free. However, there are attempts to undermine the u.nity among indigenous peoples by using us when we arc in the limelight. and simultaneously giving priority to other struggles. I believe that 1992 should not be seen as the end of the indigenous struggle.lnstead, we must realize that our struggle will continue beyond 1992, until there is recognition of all of our rights of self-determination for our territ<>ries. This must be understood by those popular groups who support us. They should not see in the struggle of indigenous prople, the opportunity to achieve their own aspirations. We are in solidarity with them, and we thank them for their solidarity. And we recognize that there are divisionsamongst indigenous proples, but in spite of all of these, 1992 should be a year for monumental unity, in order to challenge our enemies. Our Mother Earth is being beaten. and her children should be united to defend her. In Panama we have a 500 Years National Commit• tee composed of indigenous and non·indigenous groups. The indigenous proples include the Kuna, Guayrnie, and Embera. We want the Committee to be composed not solely of prople from the capital and big dties, but rather prople from the communities of our regions. We are proposing a National Gathering to deal with many issues, including that of greater unity in order to defend our rights and demands to the national government. I would like to call on all of our brothers and sisters of the continent to keep our fists high- together we will advance along a path of unity and liberation of our proples. SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Kuna Speak about 500 Year of Resistance Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title The Kuna Speak about 500 Year of Resistance Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 26 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note remembering 500 years of Indigenous struggle Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p026.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] 500 years of resistance Kuna Panama http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/f1bacde55806dd44a9b35894bdcc134d.pdf 74266006b2e347233bd5e5d5729ee0d0 PDF Text Text _ __, S E L F D ETE R M I N A TI ON & TERR I T O R Y Margarita Calfio M argarita works with the LIWEN umer for \Vc know that you work with Ihe Mapuche youth in Temuco. Chile. How are urban Mapuche youth keeping their idenc i1y? I personally li\'ed this reality and it was a slow, complex process. because when I began to reconnect with my Mapuche heritage, my parents were Mapuche Studies and Actually. I was working with youths unhappy. They didn·t understand or did· or the when l resided in Santiago. betwe.-:n '92 and '95. I worked with a youth organi- tl't wam to comprehend my need lO reconnect with my roots.. .lt was a difficult battle agninst the social currents.. and against your o'vn fears... Documentation and is a member Mapuche lnStiu.nions and Organizations of the IX Region Organizing Committee. She was also presidem of the Urbon zation called the Urban Mapuche Indigenous Youth and Student Union. One of my wishes now is to start a project with urban Mapuche youths in the city of Temuco. because revitalizing identity in these spaces is urgem. Mapuehe Indigenous Youth and Student \ Ve know very well that citie-s are nOt the appropriate environment for the Union, and founder and boord member rtprodu<tio'' and socialization of the cultural elements of an Indigenous People. These places. rather than facilitating the formation of a unique identity and positive self-image for the younger Indigenous generation. tend to degrade of the urban Mapuchc association. ~ Kinen Mapu.'" Margarita came tO visit SAIIC in you as a human being and encourage negative and alienating values. mid-March to pllnicipate in a num~r of According to the 1992 population local events. She gave a presentation at census, there are one million two hun- SAIIC's "Recognizing and Honoring dred Mapuche people. Of this, over than four hundred thousand Mapuches live in Contributions and Metropolitan regions. and onl)' about 15% live in rural zones. Perspectives of Indigenous WomcnM event on March 13th. While visiting our office, Margarita spoke with SAIIC about her work with urbon Mapuche youth in Chile. Vol. 11 No.1 The urbat> Mapuche population is mnde up of migrants from the n1ral communities and their children born and raised in the cities. They are youths with Mapuchc last names, but they are usual!)• lacking cultural references that would enable them to connect with their Indigenous identity in a positive way. How much in nucncc has urban culture had on Indigenous youths ? The city influences you with values that alienate you from your identity as a Mat>uche. but when you resolve your own identity issues and begin to accept yourself and feel proud of your origins. it gets easier. There are always people that will help you. especially the grandmoth· ers and grandfathers, \vho will hand you all their knowledge without questioning. A very relati\'e J>Oint is that when you assume your identit)', being urban, you have mastered the elements of the Other world , of the dominant society. This is really an advantage. because you posses the tools that you can utilize to benefit your people. This is what we are trying to with many Mnpuche young people, make them conscious of our heritage, con- scious or our need to become profession~ ais. \ Vh at is "' Kinen Mapu'', the Urban Mapuche Association doing to Slipport the Mapuchc youth and to s tre ngthen their culture? 33 R �S E L F DETERM I NATION This organization is new and has n01 yet completely defined its course of action. which is something that we have to do soon. l've been working'for some time with the ll\VEN Cemer for Mapuche Studies and Documentation. The objective of this institution is w generate knowledge from our own perspective al'td to disseminate il to all sectors. especially the Mapuche. For example. we work on topics relating to the Mapuche people, to the situation of other Indigenous nations· in their own co\mtrics. and on the issue of Bilingual Intercultural Education. \Vhat is the difference between the programs for Mapuche children and those for 1hc youths? & TERRI T ORY understand our interest in understanding things of such liule relevance to them. The people in the countryside usually don't value their legends. their family his· tOries. They doni comprehend the rich· ness of their own knowledge. V.le got them to change their anitude: they stancd to talk, to spill out a whole marvelous. unknown world for us. V.lc really teamed an enom1ous amoum. It was magical to listen to it all, and the most importam thing is that we were able to get our relatives, om aunts and uncles. cOtlSins. etc .. involved. \Ve'd like to ask why you, as a young Mapuchc woman, arc involved in this type of work? l work with conviction, because I really feel that itS necessary to Slruggle With the children you have to work in a p1ayftt1 comext, where you keep the youngster entertained while they're learning. and of course you must involve the famil)' in some way. This is difficult, because many times the parents don't agree that their child should learn about Mapuche culture because they view this as negative bUlthis is not their fault. \Vc don't know what negative experiences they Mve had that have made them opposed to it. for our rights as Mapuche people. The COnditions o£ poverty and Ot>prcssion ir'l which we live today must change. Mapuche children should grow up in a healthy atmosphere, in peace and hannony with the environment. \Vorking with young people or adolescents is a liule more complex. They are going through a difficult stage. building their identit)~ They have marly fears. and to come to terms with being an Indigenous person in a racist country is not an easy thing. You have tO gain their confidence slowl): They must see that you as a woman car'l be a role tnodel. that being Ma1>uche is net bad or ugly, not at all. \Vhat would you like to see in the future fo r Mapuche youth? And what would you like to do to make it hap· pen? \Vc know th:tt you did some research on the oral history of cite fa milies of urban Mapuchc youths. \Vhal were the most impor1an1 points 1hat came out of this research? This study came about due to the \Vhen I wok consciousness of my identity, or my history. or my culture. it was really like a liberation. I strongly feel the need to supj>OM my people in every 'vay that I can. ItS a life choice. The future of the youth and children is a worry that we have as a people. In many communities. the young people must migrate to the urban centers to find any work they can. Their dreams of studying arc dashed at a very youn$ age and that's not fair. I'd like to do many things. but we need to design strategies at the community level. Individual initiatives should be within a larger comc~·a to make the desired impacts and changes. We're working for this. interest that a group of us young Mapuche students had in retrieving our history, that history which was denied us for our having been born in a differem context than our parents and grandpar· ems. It was :m arduous task. because from the bcgil'tning our families didn't 34 \Ve know that you've been working on a project on Indigenous \Vomen and Gender in \ Vashington. DC. Could you te ll us what the focus of your research tms been? In S<!ptember. 1997. I was selected by the JXvelopmem Fund for Indigenous Peoples tO develop a work apprentice-Ship ln the Indigenous People-s· Union of the lnternmerican Development Bank. located in Washington. DC. I'm St>ecifically working on editing a report about the topic of gender relations in indigenous communities and development. It is a renective work, whose main objective is to understand Indigenous women's thoughts and perceptions aboUl develop· mem. Essentially, the idea is to propose certain strntegies that can be incorporated into the S.mk's policies in relation to · indigenous women. "!' Contino<ed from p<lgt 22 contribution to society, not only the Indigenous one of Ecuador. but in whichever place throughout the world. \ Vhat have been the challe nges that you have had to face as an Indigenous woman doctor? I don't like being labeled as an Indigenous woman doctor; well. I feel like any other womar\ of ar\y other culltlte and nation. Btu in fact l'"e had to face cenain challenges. like knowing that the people of my community viewed me as the s.wior from the health problems affecting the community. The leaders of my l>rovincial community trusted so in my abilities. One demonstration of this was their inviting me to work in the SAMAY Project. Onanced by the European Unior'l. I'm talkir\g about a pro Hfe project that would permit us, in a significant manner, to build our society, that would allow us to control our own destiny. Being a representative of the Confederation of the Indigenous Nationalities o£ Ecuador. CONAIE, is another challenge. 4 To respond positively to all these challenges. 1 always U)' to le.arn more to better understand the culture of Globalization. to learn how to manuever myself 'vithin the dynamics of the modern age, in distinct levels and spheres of humal'lttctions. For me, it is imponam to take imo account the advice and the points of view of the great Indigenous leaders. and of the great ideologies. both old and new. '11 Abya Yala News �S A I I C C...tonucd from pagt 26 damc:nsaons amo enVIronmental tmpact assessment processes of research msulutts, mululatcral institutions, go,•ernmcms, etc. 6. Dc\'elop standards and guidelines for the protection. maintenance nnd developmen1 of mdigcnous knowledge. whtch a) faclluate the development o£ SUI gcncns S)'Stems of protecuon for lndagcnous knowledge accordang to mdagcnou.s customary laws. \'alues and world VIew b) reeognize the concept of the collecuve rights of lndtgenous Peoples and mcorporate this in all nauonal nnd mternational lcgislauon c) take into account :md incorporate cx1stmg Indigenous Peoples' politkal ond !ego! systems :md Indigenous Peoples' cuswmary usc or resources d) recogmzc tr.tdluonal agnculturol systems or lndagcnous People> e) mvolve Indigenous Peoples In th< dtvelopment of research gutdehn.s and standards 7 De,·elop standards and gutddmes for the prevention of biopiracy, the mon· 11onng of b•oprospecting and access 10 genetic resources: a) affec1 a momwrium on all bioprospecling and/or collecuon or biologtcal n13terial,s in the territoncs or lndtgcnous Peoples and protected Mtas and patenung based on these collecuons unul acceptable su1 ·generis S)'Stems arc cstabhshed b) affect a mor.uonum on th< rcg>5<enng of knowledge c) rcrogmze the nghts of lnd•genous Peoples' to acccS> and repatnote genetic matenals held tn all ex-suu collecuons. such as gene banks. herbanums and botamcal gardens. 8. Ensure the sharing of the benc01s derived from the use o f indigenous knowledge includes other rights. obhga· uons and responsibilities such as land nghts and the mamtenance or lndtgenous cultul't's co faethtate the transmtSS•on of knowltdgt. mOO\oauons. pracutt.s and values to future generations. 9 Ensure that rtlevant pi'0\'1SIOns or tmernauonal mechanisms and agrte· mcms of dtrcct relevance to the tmplc· mcmation or :tntcle Sj. and rehued al'tt· clcs. such "' 1he Trnde Related lnlellectual Propeny agreement of the World Trnde Organization. the European Union dtrecuve on the patenung of hfc forms. the Human Genome Otvtrsuy Vol. 11 No.1 ProJect. the Hu.man Genome Dechrnuon of the UNESCO. the FAO Comm1sston on PJam Genetic Resources and national and regional intellectual 1>ropeny ngh1s legislation under development, 1 ncorpo· rote the rights and concerns of lndtgenous Ptoples as cxpreS>ed u1 the ILO Convention 169, the Draft Dechrauon on the RightS of lndtg<nous Peopl.s. th< Kan Ocl Declarauon. th< Mawtua Dtt:larauon. the Santa Cnaz Declarauon, th< Len= Declar:tnon ond Plan of Amon, the Treaty for a Life Forms Patent Free Paciflc and prtV1ous Slate· mtntS of Indigenous forums COIWtned :U prev1ous CBD/COP and mterscss1onal meenngs. 10. Provide material "nd non·matcri· al suppon mechamsms and mcenuvcs to lndtgenous Peoples for cap.1<1ty butldtng m1ttaU\'CS towards· a) the de,'tlopmcnt of SUI genens S)"Sltms based on andagcnous customary la"'s for the prot«uon and promouon of lndtgcno~ knowledge. mno,•J.ttons and practtces b) m.s.tttuuonal strengthening and negonoung eapacny c) local!)• controlled pohcy. research and development strategies and acttvlllts for the maintenance and development of Indigenous knowledge 11 Require the rcvualtz.uton and numtcnance o£ Jnd1gcnous 13ngu.agts as pan or the implementation or antcle 8j and r<loted anicles and suppon the de,·elopmtnl of cdutall(mal S)'Stems b;osed on mdig<nous valuts and world \'ltW, mcludmg lhC CStabhshmtlll Of :m lndtgenous uni,•ersny. 12. Require that research and devel· opment activities in the reahn or lndtgcnous Peoples' knowledge. practtccs tmd mnovation systems arc gl\'en 1he s:tmc financial and pohcy support :as •for· nul scacnufte• research and development l(IIYltlts. 13. PrO\ide matenal and non·maltn· a.ltnctmh·es for mamtammg and enhanc· tng biodivcrsit)1, indu~mg l:md nghts and the recognition of acluc\'ements by lndtgcnous Peoples in protcctmg btO<h· ve rslt y. '!I C...tmutd from page 2i mentS and rdorrns 10 1he Mexican State. rather n would be admmmg that what. is needed is a rndtcJI tr.msfonnntion to the corrupt structures or J>OWCr in Mexico that have been dommatcd by the more than 70 y<•or old PRI dicLatorship. It would mean allowmg for not onl)f the Zapaustas. but all of Mcx1can ctv1l soct· ety to have the nght to trnnsfonn the government mto $0mcthmg that would go\'em by obeymg the needs and consensus of the MeX1<3n people, rath<r than conunue to be medtator or due global busmes.s mtcrtsts and an msa.ru· mem of repress1on Unfortunately Mextco acts with the reassurances or its tr..dc panncrs, the United States and Canada. The only 1hing standmg In the way o£ Mexico's unacceptable pol•cy towards Indigenous pcopl.s IS ciVll SO<tety both m Mexico and globally Cl\11 SO<ltty through both tts pohtical "111 and ~IOns an put an end to Lht> gtnoctdal war. The Indigenous people art clear that the solutiO!\ wall come from nowhere else. nor can they do It alone. "'Nenher peace nor JUstice w1ll come from the govern· mem. They wtll come from civil society. from its a muauves. from us mobiliza· tions. To her. to )'OU, we sptak toda):''tl er,.t;l fdoiJcri is o ..... olIN,...,. K ,0, ;ti;o. r.ds f:t t:lt K :1iol<l( - l o t o.-<q ialli.Oco. SO. «:tlifd t:lt Ulitlnilyol !osuxia ~ ~ riett t:lt c ...P,Jtl loll ol«..tfon ia Hisl«y o o :J - . ; , SociolorJ r<llticrJ ~ ...t htt tmis ootl:. [opclirJ"' I• Stpllcfllll l 1996, liN ""' Dlit4 10 jojw tb• Noctb AmtricOJ lodioo O.S.,.rioo to tho U Kofioo~ llitt4 W"t~ 610119,. tilt Otch Oodototiocl co tho t~hts of llldigtAOlll Pf<9(" io Gt,o,,., In O.Crmhu of t!nt ym, sit tror..<d lolo toolidoJ, ~ M cod pcod.cod • irko '""F''·\om•IKitfi<g 'lf''clin' tiN sittlclioa;, llio.,....li«, ....t~ag 11ili N IJ.II. (JysJd C •w • ""'t ""A..""' lf<Jri<J ooJioc:oi4t,. .... - A.. ...t eclifn ,_ pk or«JCJ INI..,,....;.. "9'<XXr /omcg 01 "' ~ llriAr:toitco Slrog;fos ol ~ ~ io IU.dc• """,_.,,,owen" 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with SAIIC: Margarita Martha Calfio Montalva Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Zotero Title Interview with SAIIC: Margarita Martha Calfio Montalva Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 33-35 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Language English Abstract Note Margarita Marta Calfio Montalvo works closely with Mapuche youth in Temuco, Chile. She discusses urban cultures affects on Mapuche youth, her hopes for the future of the Mapuche youth, and challenges she faces as a women in the field of medicine. Attachment Title Interview_With_SAIC_Margarita_Marta_Calfio_Montalva.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chile Mapuche http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/75ccdc4e186074bd4be814fb7f063502.pdf 7045adbccabcdc062e3980704b983f24 PDF Text Text SUMO & MISKITO TIMBER GIVEN TO TAIWAN COMPANY <Nicaragua) An agreement of economic cooperation was made between the Chamono government and the Taiwanese government where Taiwan has pledged $100 million to rover part of the arrears payments on Nicaragua's foreign debt- plus an unknown amount of aid to theOrtegaanny. Shortly after, Pedro Joaquin Chamono, son of President Chamono, and present Ambassador to Taiwan, brought Fernando Chan, the front man for the Taiwanese fi.n n Fquipe Enterprise, Ltd., to General Humberto Ortcg~> to seek a logging ronccssion. Ironically, Chan, a Nicaraguan, was reportedly the business advisor for the late Hope Somoza, wife of the former d ictator Anastasio Somoza, and for their son Tachito. Equipe Enterprise solid ted a renewable :ZO.year forestry ronc:ession for the exploitation of 470,000 hectares of tropical forest in northeastern Nicaragua. It is 1,814 square miles, an area about the size of the state of Delaware. They will be cutting approximately five trees per hectare peryea.r. Under this agreement, 200.000 hectares of forest will feed a pulp paper mill and 270,000 hectares of forest will feed a plywood and lumber mill, both to be installed by Equlpe Enterprise. The Taiwanese also requested exoneration from taxes and rights to the acquisition of infrastructure at discounted prices. nities' socia.l problems and destroys the ecological s~ the rivers, the soil, the wild animals and their hJstoriCally natural habitat. Both the Sumo and Miskito communities have strongly opposed thisroncesslon and have stated that this p roject will further endanger their ho meland, making their survival even more difficult. Sumo leaders have written a letter asking the international community to help them protect the forest. The authorities of the Autonomous Region of the North A tlantic have filed a protest claiming the concession violates their rig)'ots as established in the Law of Auto nomy and the Constitution. They demanded the "immediate suspension of all action in this case, full disc~ of the details of the contract, and the establishment of a national law regulating the usc of natural resources before any concession is p ut into effect." They have further stated," A failure to comply with these demands will foroe us to exert our rig)'ots to defend our patrimony." Please write letters ol concem 10 President VioleiO Chomorro, Antonio Locoyo and G-rol Humbetto Ortego c/o the Nicoroguan Embossy, 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Woshington DC 20009 ond send o fox to Joime lncet, Minister ol Natural R esources in Nicaroguo, (IRENA) ot 5052·31274. On the evening of August 5, 1991, before departing for Taiwan, and after being authorized by Antonio Lacayo, Minister of the Presidency, Mr. Patricio Jerez, Vice-Minister of IRENA (the natural resourccsdepartrnenO, signed an exploitation ron tract with Equipe Nicaragua, S.A. President Chamono's government ron tinucs to deny that such a ron tract was signed. Local rommunities and those in charge of regional plaMing were not ronsulted. Althoug)'o most of the 470,000 hectares belo ng to the state, they include some of the traditional tcnitories o f the Sumo and Miskito lndians. A roncession of this type ignores the rig)'ots of the indigenous communities to usc a.n d enjoy their natural resources and to participate in the decisionmaking, increases the commu- Vol6 Nos 1&2 27 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sumo and Miskito Timber Given to Taiwan Company Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Sumo and Miskito Timber Given to Taiwan Company Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 27 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note In an shady deal, a timber company is sold to Taiwan. Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p027.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chamorro Violeta Nicaragua http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/7e77791cb0ba88c19cdbf5dd7a07376b.pdf f1cdc06893ef1b27c8d9a2f8b87bd121 PDF Text Text EN V IRONMENT Second International Indigenous Forum On Biodiversity and the Convention on · Biological Diversity Workshop THE CONVENU()N ON 81ot.OC.ICAL 0MRSITY IS niE FIRST IN'TERNAnONAU.Y IINOING AGREEMENT LOOSELY RE<)VIRING ll"S 165 MEM8.£R NATIONS TO SUSTAlNABlY USE THE \\'ORLOS 810lOGICAI. OMRSITY, THE AGREEMENT WAS OPE:NEO fOR SK.NATURE IN JUNE 1992 AT UIE EARTH SUMMrT IN RIO DE JANEIRO, AND HAO RECEIVED 168 SIGNATURES 8Y JUNE 4 OF 1993- rom November 20a23, Indigenous pc:OJ>I<: (rom around the world met ru the Second International Forum on B1odwersn)' m Madrad. Spain to pre· par< a proposal for the Traditional Knowl<dge and Stologtcal O.,·crslly of the Con\•enuon on B•ologrcal Diversity (CBD) Workshop. wh1ch was hdd from NO\• 24th to the 28th The Workshop f0<U5«1 on the 1mplcmentauon of Anicle 8). as pbnncd at the thud Conftr<nce of !'antes (COP) tn Buenos AntS. Argentina. 1he pn~:vtous year 111 NO\·embt-r 1996. F What follows IS the proposal drafted by the lnd1genous Forum on Biodiversity and submitted to the \Vorkshop on Trnditionol Knowledge and Biological Oavcrsuy. The results from the lntcmauon:d Indigenous rorum will be presemed to the Founh Conference of Pantes in Urmi.slava, Slovakia, in May of 1998. Working document on the implementation of article 8j. and related articles PREAMBLE lndcg<nOtiS Peoples comt from the land and ha"c b<tll our lift rhrough rht land. \Vt clo nOl tdmt lO the land th<u w e came from <b prOI)(rty, we rd<Ue ro the lcmd a.s our Mol her. nwt the lcmd is our 1\lfother cmmOl bt denied, just <IS it caml.()l be denied thm our htmum mother is our rt!Clher. In this t·rspca we as lndlget~ous Peoples ha,·e rcsportslbllltttS lO honor and nutrurc our Earth 10 tnsutt rhat she can conrim'c to ght us life. Ou• role and rtspo11$ibcliry is co prOt((( ""' MOth<~ &mh from d<Slfuaion and abllsn·e lreoln".c'nt, JUSt as we u·mdd defend our human moLher. In ca'!)1ng out chLS r«ponslbthty owr a period of cJwu. ,.,ru~, of )tars. we ha>t b«®K a crncral comporttnl of rht l>lorl"''""Y of the Eanh. 8"''" 26 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ELEMENTS FOR THE FORMULATION OF A WORK PROGRAM 1 Ensure thal the tmplementauon of an1cle 8). and related an1des. take into constdcrauon lht txt.sung lndlgenous decbrauons •nd proposals. mcludmg the Draft Declarauon on the Rights of lnd1genous Peoples. the Kan Oea Decbrnuon. the Macaatua Decbration. tht S.'tma Cruz O¢clamuon. the Leucia Declarnuon and Plan of Aeuon. the Treaty (or a L1re Fomts Patent Free Pac1flc. the Uk\I))SCI'\1 Kun\\ Yala Declaration. and prev1ous stmcmcms of Indigenous Forums convened nt J>revious CBD/COP and intcrscssional meetings. 2. Ensure Indigenous Peoples· full and mcanmgrul p:micipatlon in the implemcmatton of an.1clc 8J. and related antc:les: a) r'('(:Ogmu: lndagcnous Peoples as Pan•es to the Co1wenuon on 81ological o,,·ersuy b) adopt lht recommendation of the S.eond lntemauonal lnd1genous Forum to cstabhsh an lnd1gcnous Peoples' Workmg Group c) m•·ol"e the lndtgenous Peoples' \\~mg Group in thc mttrprumon and amplcmentation of anrcle 8J and related amcles. ancludmg the monnonng of the eomphance of the Pan.1es to the Convcnuon to thear obliga~ uons under the Convenuon d) de"clop mechanisms to ensure Indigenous Peoples' p:micipallon in decision making processes al the intcrnauonal level (UN, COP. lFF, etc.) e) de"elop mechanisms to ensure lndagc,~ous Peoples' participation m dccasion making processts at the nauonallevel. mc1udmg 1hc de,·clopmem and 1mpltmentauon of lcg~sbuon , envt· ronment:al acuon plans and 1mpaa stud· 1es 0 de.·elop meehamsms to ensure the full pan~etpauon of lndcgenous Peoples tn State P3n.ts' str.ucg.ra 10 desagnatc and manage protected ams g) mcorporate the nght to obJecnon m all meehamsms to ensure Indigenous Peoples' pa.rtidpa· tion h) incorporate the light to free and prior infonned consent 111 all mechanisms w tnsure lndtgcnous Peoples' pantcip.1· uon. 3. Develop mechan1sms to ensure the full and equal pamopa110n of Indigenous women 1n all processes rtl.ltrd to the 1mp!c:mencauon of the Com·enuon. a.nd suppon the umque mpons1bdcuu of Indigenous womrn tn tht canng of 1hetr tradmonal lands and temtones and the protect ton o( baodi\'C:rslty 4. De"elop mechan1sms and process· es to ensure Indigenous Pcot>lcs' control over l:mds and territories to affect the protecuon a.nd cnhanccmcm of biodiversity: n) recognl:e the malienable a priori rightS of Indigenous Peoples b) recognize 1he. rela.uonsh11> thm cxis1s between the lands and tcrrnoncs o( lnd1genous Peoples and thm knowledge. innovations :tnd pmet1CCS rclaung to b•odi\'ei"Sil)' c) de\'elop proeesses to rep.,ui· ate the lands and temtones of lndtgenous Peoples 5. Incorporate 1nd1genous customary resourtt uses, nunagtment and pracuces 1010 sustamable: developmtnt plans. poh· c1es and proctsstS at mtemauonal and nation~J levels, recogmzmg transboundary issues tmportnnt to lnd1genous Peoples: a) encoumge muhihueral institu· lions, international ngencics. research institutions a.nd non·govcrnmcnt organi· zations to Involve Indigenous knowledge. innova1ions n.nd pmctlce.s rela.ted to the use and m.anagemtm of resources in their plans and programs b) estabhsh an mdtgt-nous global b1och"crsuy momtor· ing sys~em based on early wammg sys· t<ms usmg 1nd1genous knowledge Mth 1he backmg of sa~tllue technology and geographic mform.auon S)"Sttms c) requ1re thc mcorpor.auon of md1gcnous perspecuves and soe1al and cultural Conttnucd on pog< 35 /W(a Yala News �S A I I C C...tonucd from pagt 26 damc:nsaons amo enVIronmental tmpact assessment processes of research msulutts, mululatcral institutions, go,•ernmcms, etc. 6. Dc\'elop standards and guidelines for the protection. maintenance nnd developmen1 of mdigcnous knowledge. whtch a) faclluate the development o£ SUI gcncns S)'Stems of protecuon for lndagcnous knowledge accordang to mdagcnou.s customary laws. \'alues and world VIew b) reeognize the concept of the collecuve rights of lndtgenous Peoples and mcorporate this in all nauonal nnd mternational lcgislauon c) take into account :md incorporate cx1stmg Indigenous Peoples' politkal ond !ego! systems :md Indigenous Peoples' cuswmary usc or resources d) recogmzc tr.tdluonal agnculturol systems or lndagcnous People> e) mvolve Indigenous Peoples In th< dtvelopment of research gutdehn.s and standards 7 De,·elop standards and gutddmes for the prevention of biopiracy, the mon· 11onng of b•oprospecting and access 10 genetic resources: a) affec1 a momwrium on all bioprospecling and/or collecuon or biologtcal n13terial,s in the territoncs or lndtgcnous Peoples and protected Mtas and patenung based on these collecuons unul acceptable su1 ·generis S)'Stems arc cstabhshed b) affect a mor.uonum on th< rcg>5<enng of knowledge c) rcrogmze the nghts of lnd•genous Peoples' to acccS> and repatnote genetic matenals held tn all ex-suu collecuons. such as gene banks. herbanums and botamcal gardens. 8. Ensure the sharing of the benc01s derived from the use o f indigenous knowledge includes other rights. obhga· uons and responsibilities such as land nghts and the mamtenance or lndtgenous cultul't's co faethtate the transmtSS•on of knowltdgt. mOO\oauons. pracutt.s and values to future generations. 9 Ensure that rtlevant pi'0\'1SIOns or tmernauonal mechanisms and agrte· mcms of dtrcct relevance to the tmplc· mcmation or :tntcle Sj. and rehued al'tt· clcs. such "' 1he Trnde Related lnlellectual Propeny agreement of the World Trnde Organization. the European Union dtrecuve on the patenung of hfc forms. the Human Genome Otvtrsuy Vol. 11 No.1 ProJect. the Hu.man Genome Dechrnuon of the UNESCO. the FAO Comm1sston on PJam Genetic Resources and national and regional intellectual 1>ropeny ngh1s legislation under development, 1 ncorpo· rote the rights and concerns of lndtgenous Ptoples as cxpreS>ed u1 the ILO Convention 169, the Draft Dechrauon on the RightS of lndtg<nous Peopl.s. th< Kan Ocl Declarauon. th< Mawtua Dtt:larauon. the Santa Cnaz Declarauon, th< Len= Declar:tnon ond Plan of Amon, the Treaty for a Life Forms Patent Free Paciflc and prtV1ous Slate· mtntS of Indigenous forums COIWtned :U prev1ous CBD/COP and mterscss1onal meenngs. 10. Provide material "nd non·matcri· al suppon mechamsms and mcenuvcs to lndtgenous Peoples for cap.1<1ty butldtng m1ttaU\'CS towards· a) the de,'tlopmcnt of SUI genens S)"Sltms based on andagcnous customary la"'s for the prot«uon and promouon of lndtgcno~ knowledge. mno,•J.ttons and practtces b) m.s.tttuuonal strengthening and negonoung eapacny c) local!)• controlled pohcy. research and development strategies and acttvlllts for the maintenance and development of Indigenous knowledge 11 Require the rcvualtz.uton and numtcnance o£ Jnd1gcnous 13ngu.agts as pan or the implementation or antcle 8j and r<loted anicles and suppon the de,·elopmtnl of cdutall(mal S)'Stems b;osed on mdig<nous valuts and world \'ltW, mcludmg lhC CStabhshmtlll Of :m lndtgenous uni,•ersny. 12. Require that research and devel· opment activities in the reahn or lndtgcnous Peoples' knowledge. practtccs tmd mnovation systems arc gl\'en 1he s:tmc financial and pohcy support :as •for· nul scacnufte• research and development l(IIYltlts. 13. PrO\ide matenal and non·maltn· a.ltnctmh·es for mamtammg and enhanc· tng biodivcrsit)1, indu~mg l:md nghts and the recognition of acluc\'ements by lndtgcnous Peoples in protcctmg btO<h· ve rslt y. '!I C...tmutd from page 2i mentS and rdorrns 10 1he Mexican State. rather n would be admmmg that what. is needed is a rndtcJI tr.msfonnntion to the corrupt structures or J>OWCr in Mexico that have been dommatcd by the more than 70 y<•or old PRI dicLatorship. It would mean allowmg for not onl)f the Zapaustas. but all of Mcx1can ctv1l soct· ety to have the nght to trnnsfonn the government mto $0mcthmg that would go\'em by obeymg the needs and consensus of the MeX1<3n people, rath<r than conunue to be medtator or due global busmes.s mtcrtsts and an msa.ru· mem of repress1on Unfortunately Mextco acts with the reassurances or its tr..dc panncrs, the United States and Canada. The only 1hing standmg In the way o£ Mexico's unacceptable pol•cy towards Indigenous pcopl.s IS ciVll SO<tety both m Mexico and globally Cl\11 SO<ltty through both tts pohtical "111 and ~IOns an put an end to Lht> gtnoctdal war. The Indigenous people art clear that the solutiO!\ wall come from nowhere else. nor can they do It alone. "'Nenher peace nor JUstice w1ll come from the govern· mem. They wtll come from civil society. from its a muauves. from us mobiliza· tions. To her. to )'OU, we sptak toda):''tl er,.t;l fdoiJcri is o ..... olIN,...,. K ,0, ;ti;o. r.ds f:t t:lt K :1iol<l( - l o t o.-<q ialli.Oco. SO. «:tlifd t:lt Ulitlnilyol !osuxia ~ ~ riett t:lt c ...P,Jtl loll ol«..tfon ia Hisl«y o o :J - . ; , SociolorJ r<llticrJ ~ ...t htt tmis ootl:. [opclirJ"' I• Stpllcfllll l 1996, liN ""' Dlit4 10 jojw tb• Noctb AmtricOJ lodioo O.S.,.rioo to tho U Kofioo~ llitt4 W"t~ 610119,. tilt Otch Oodototiocl co tho t~hts of llldigtAOlll Pf<9(" io Gt,o,,., In O.Crmhu of t!nt ym, sit tror..<d lolo toolidoJ, ~ M cod pcod.cod • irko '""F''·\om•IKitfi<g 'lf''clin' tiN sittlclioa;, llio.,....li«, ....t~ag 11ili N IJ.II. (JysJd C •w • ""'t ""A..""' lf<Jri<J ooJioc:oi4t,. .... - A.. ...t eclifn ,_ pk or«JCJ INI..,,....;.. "9'<XXr /omcg 01 "' ~ llriAr:toitco Slrog;fos ol ~ ~ io IU.dc• """,_.,,,owen" 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Second International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity and the Convention on Biological Diversity Workshop Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Zotero Title Second International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity and the Convention on Biological Diversity Workshop Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 26, 35 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Language English Abstract Note A proposal was drafted at the Second International Forum on Biodiversity that includes recommendations for elements of a work program which ensures Indigenous rights. Attachment Title Second_Internation_Indigenous_Forum_on_Biodiversity_and_the_convention_on_Biological_Diversity_Workshop.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Madrid Spain http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/675fceb45da9c49b5a0f7e42da5ce7d7.pdf 2b91061d87da45daff8c15982fd647b5 PDF Text Text SUMO LEADERS DENOUNCE TIMBER CONCESSIONS (Niazragua) The following letter, denouncing the cotreeSSibns urzs written by Sumo ~and sent to Mark Plotkin of Conservatibn lntenullicmal. Managua , September 4 , 1991 Dear Friend : We form part of a Sumo commission that is making inquiries to learn the terms of the contract signed by the government of Nicaragua and the Taiwanese company Equipe Enterprise , Ltd . We understand that the concession is of 375, 000 hectares . Our forest is being sold off and we have not been consulted on the utilization and destruction of the forest . Throughout history, Sumo people have struggled to preserve their traditions and their dignity . OUr traditions - cultural , ecological and religious - have not been respected . All the past governments utilized our natural resources without regard for the well - being of our communities . It would be important to reflect upon the true situation of the indigenous people , about the role of human rights defenders , and especially about the national laws and the role of the indigenous legislators . With regard to the rights and the struggles of the indigenous people, what is the relationship bet ween democracy and human rights? How do human rights .... . :. • • • • - • .... • fit i n? Do we or don ' t we have any rights? We urge the international communit y to lend its support . This is not just an issue of conservation, but an issue of human rights . In the name of the Sumo People, we hope that you will continue to help us . Ernesto Almendares 28 Ronas Dolores SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sumo Leaders Denounce Timber Concessions Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ernesto Almendares Ronas Dolores Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Sumo Leaders Denounce Timber Concessions Item Type Journal Article Author Ernesto Almendares Ronas Dolores Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 28 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note Letter from Sumo leaders to Conservation International. Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p028.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Nicaragua Sumo http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/cfa52d7b144f2e05d1314911d9d2af53.pdf 257f276f61906327396c7ff78df987e9 PDF Text Text RIGHTS F or centuries, pcrh:tps even mil~ for 1hc body and sptnL hons of years. 1hc Xa'·amc pro- The unique Xavame 1denuty is marked by ~~ hau·cuiS 1ha1 dtsunguiSh thtm from any oth~r n:mon m the world. b)' 1httr nch and soph1>11<Jicd language, by lht cUSlom of removtng cyel.l>hts and eyebrows. by ~~ nchly eltborme body patntings done for each ceremony. by the songs 1hat emerges from drc~uns. by the umque dances and g:tmcs th:n unites the people in strong. unified movements, capable of shakmg 1he ground of 1he for<SL This is 1he people of Auwe Utllabi. 1rue poople, Xa\'anl< pt"Opl< of 1hc S.rra do Roncador. pi<. hkc 01~r lndt~nous pro- pic around the , ..·orld, ha,·c b«n dcvd~ opmg n d1ffertnt ·way of be1ng n'l the world, btuldillg their own umquc 1dcnt1· 1)', thc1r own unique culture. They ha\'e k~med from 1hc Slones. passed down b)' theu anctsaor from a tunt" 1mmemortal, how to thmk :\bout the world and how 10 reb•• 10 t\'tl)1hmg 1h:.u tx•sc.s around them, ahvc and mySttnous They ha,·e learned to mo,·c between the \'aSl coumrys1de and the dense forests. learning abom C<'Ch mumal. each plant. each s.ar and constdl:ttion. each movement of the sky, :md 1hc n"cr. m complete hannony and connccuon wuh C\'trything around them Takmg from nature - and rttummg C\'CI)1htng 1ha1 l~)' nttd for SUI\Wal food. shcher, color and btam), mediCme 28 "'U'"' The first encounter wuh 1ht "'w.ua... - whnes- occurred 2 cemuncs ago. when 1her entered the centr.1l-eastem pan of Brazil in search or gold and precious stones. After a tentatl\'C coext.stence wuh the whites. thnt ended 10 ambush and mass.-.c;rc of hundreds of Xavames. the Auwc J>eoplc decided to nvoid contact wuh the "'warazu·. Thcr retreated deep tnto the forests. seckmg out m their tmd•uonaltcrritoncs places that had nOt yet b«n mvaded For dose 10 1wo hundred years, 1 hcy had h\•td 111 relata\'C peace. with a few confront:u•ons. but sull rna•ntaining, thc•r autonomy 8)• the ~g.nning of the 19-WS, new auacks from the mvad~rs. nO\\' much more agg:rt:ssn:e and wtll org;~mzcd , broughl warfare. dea1h and suffenng 10 1ht Au"'t Upubi_ I'"' The 50 years ha\'C been a ptnod or dnngcr, ducats and rear. But this hunt· ing people htwe teamed how to cope wilh 1he predators that have continued to invade the1r territories again a.nd agam. In lookmg ror ways to mamtain peace, to p.'lclf)' the "v.'Jraz:u", the:)• learned how to Crtate new ronns or COCXISI.C'nce and SUrvival. The greal chtcf Ahopo<n. ltader o( thlS Xowantc communny, guaded hiS people 1hrough con1a<1 , bthevmg 1ha1 p<ace wilh dtc whiles would be 1he only way 10 ensure the S\11'\'IV:.ll or the Auwc (>C:Oplc. These warl'iors decided to control their terntones with complete autonomy. decided 10 prcsc111 lhctns<lves 10 1he ··wara.zu.. through thc1 O\\n culture. r A~YalaNews �H u MA N Cars. with their strange and continuous: tracks on the ground, are no longer a mystery to the Xavante people. The youth of the village leam to drive Toyotas. tntcks and tractors with ease. Technology such as video cameras, recorders, solar panels, radio transmiuers does not frighten them. They are confident in their capabilities. ancestml memory and sophisticated arlalytical reasoning. The village of Pimentel Barbosa. which was first contacted over 50 years ago. has been able to successfully maintained its traditions by resisting the emrance of tnissionaries. governmem agencies and interference from the outside world. With the strong leadership of the great chief Ahopoe. this village has created strategies to maintain a pe.aceful coexistence with the ··warazu .., They decided to choose a group of youth to leave the village to study and live ' vith the whites, to learn the language and C\LStoms. returning later. possessing this knowledge. to work inside the community and strengthen the traditions of the culture. 1n the 1980's, with the continuing disappearance of animals for hunting. the elders voiced their concerns about the f~1ture of the people and the traditions. With the hell> of the knowledge gained by the youth . who had been prepared in the '"world of the warazu,.. the Xavames created the jaburu Project, a research and management project set \II> to guarantee the continuance of hunting in the tcrritO· ry now enclosed by ranches. In the last 4 years, The Xavames, in partnership with the "N\tcleo de Cuhura lndlgena" (an Indigenous NCO). launched the first Indigenous music CD in Brazil - .. Etenhiritipc'\ - Traditional Songs of the Xavante." The record ' vas recorded in the village, with professional equipment. and the songs were registered in the name of the village, guaranteeing the payment directly to the authors. Several additional projects ca.me out of the Xavames first CD. One was a collaboration with the rock band Sepult\11'3 on their latest record ·Roots." A successful music video was also created to publicize the Etenhiritip<\ record, and was exhibit· ed at Indigenous film festivals in the United States. Mexico and Europe. Vol. 11 No. 1 Even \vith all these contacts from the exterior world, the young men continue to be traditionally prepared in HO (the singles house) for years. They maintain close contact with their godfathers and continue to learn the anceStral traditions. They arc taught in this way until the time when their ears arc pierced. marking the transition from a child to an adult, and their entrance into the life of a 'varrior. RIGHTS plams. memories. A human being alive. wilh a past and a future, this is the way or Auwe Uptabi. .. - In partnership with the NUcleo de Ct~lturallndlgena. the Xavante people are organizing a big event for the middle of 1998. called "Xavante - 50 Years of Contacl... This work has reunited various generations from the villages. the elders who participated in the contact with the During their apprem iceship. the ·warnzu· in 1946 and the yomh and chilyoung men follow the animal tracks in dren that ha,·e already mastered !westtheir h~mting games. They participate in ern} writing and drawing skills. Everyone the solidarity game . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. has bten working which requires ntn· with the ning with large palm recorders and video tree logs, and also in cameras and partieipating in the effort the secret initiation ceremonies where to register the histo· ry of this period for the real world ceases the present and for to exist. the future. M:lybe it is difficult for outsiders to This event will understand the bring together phocomple:\ities of the tographs of the inicontemporary tial contact between the Xavantes and Xavame culture. The clothes, the t·shirts the "\vara.zu.'" along and caps with w•ith original draw· English inscriptions ings. texts. and that no one reads or ~,»iad J¥edwtiDJS iu~"ldK,Ib;t. objects. A group of understands, the 25 warriors will give machines that FUNAJ (the Brazilian gov- singing and dancing perfonnances and ernment agency for Indigenous people) traditional rituals and ceremonies will be left when the)' tried to create an presented as well. Also on the agenda are Indigenous development project there... plans to make a documentary, a bilingual These things mean nothing when the book in X..wante/Ponuguesc and a CD elders join together everyday. to greet the ROM . arrival and the departure of the sun. to exchange their impressions of the world The Xavame people of Pimentel on a daily basis, to discuss the path to the Barbosa live in an Indigenous reserve future. The ..warA... the advice from the called "Rio das Mortes," that shelters 3 aduh males, is the strOJ'lgcst insdtution in other villages in the state of Mato Grosso, the village and is resJ>Onsible for giving in central-eastern Brazil. Six more direction and continuing the dail)' tradi- reserves of the X.wame people Slill exists. tions. approximately totaling 60 villages and a population of more than 4 thousands it is here that the elders discuss the Indians. 'f confrontation between the Xavante comTh~ authot tf'Oiks with N6deo Jt (ullurallndfg~na in munity and the cuhur~ of "'progress. This connict can be seen at the "Rio das Soo Pcu/c, Bro<il. Mortes· (River of Dtath). a drainage channel from the neighboring ranches For more infonn<llion and the purchase of and a exportation corridor for Mercosul. postcard.~ and CDS. ple(~se contacc Ntideo For the Xavante people, the river is the de Cultural Jndtgena, Rua Roquelt Pinto fountain of life. of stories and histories, 381 . Prcvi<Uncia - S. Paulo. 8r<!Sil, PltondFax: 551 1·8131754, £-m<~il: and tn\lSt remain full of fish . sheltering nci@ax.apc.org and feeding many animals. people. ft 29 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Xavantes of the Serra do Roncador Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angela M Pappiani Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title The Xavantes of the Serra do Roncador Item Type Journal Article Author Angela M Pappiani Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 28-29 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note The Xavante people have been developing their culture in harmony with nature for centuries. They encountered whites but were able to tentatively coexist while maintaining their autonomy. The elders created the Jabiru Project which aims to guarantee the continuance of hunting in their territory. Attachment Title the_Xavantes_of_the_Serra_do_Roncador.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Autonomy Coexist Serra do Roncador Xavantes